OVERVIEW OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND POTENTIAL IN EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM. Meseret Teklemariam

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1 OVERVIEW OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND POTENTIAL IN EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM Meseret Teklemariam 30 th Anniversary of UNU-GTP Reykjavik, Iceland August 2008

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3 Hottest Known Geothermal Regions

4 THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM

5 THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL

6 THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL E. G. R.P = > 7 GWe

7 Most of the EA countries are dependent on TBF= 70-90%: Causes Deforestation &Environmental degradation East African Countries are committed to investigate and further develop GE due to: Strong growth in electricity demand in the countries Hydro proven unreliable as a base load source due to Recent effects of drought Volatile nature of petroleum fuels etc.. RE sources (hydro, geothermal, solar) represent a small portion of TEP averaging 2%.

8 East African Countries Using Or Having Carried Out Research On Geothermal Resources Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia* Kenya* Malawi Tanzania Uganda Zambia * Rwanda Comoros *Plant installed

9 DJIBOUTI R.S EAR DJIBOUTI G.O.A TIC= 85 MWe (Thermal)

10 GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI INAKIR ALOL # OBOCK # TAMATTAKO GAGGADE ALFITA Nth. GHOUBET ARTA # DJIBOUTI S. GHOUBHET ABHE # #

11 GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT AREAS OF DJIBOUTI Geothermal Area Detail Survey Drilling Max. Temp o C 1 As Bahalto Yes No Allailou Yes No 3 Hanle Yes Yes Gaggade Yes No 5 Assal Rift Yes Yes N. of Ghoubbet el Kharab Yes No S. of Ghoubbet el Kharab No No 87 8 Arta No No Tamattako - nieille No No Obok No No South of Djibouti City No No 12 NW of Kadda Alifita No No 13 Alol -Sakallol No No 14 Dora-Musa Ali No No 82 Note: + Interpreted value

12 STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION Exp. Began in the Assal Area ( ) funded by French Govt. Geo-scientific studies including drilling of six wells in Assal Lake Assal Main Areas of Focus Exp. in Hanle-Gaggade area ( ) funded by Ital Gov+ADB+OPIC+UNDP and WB Scaling and Corrosion Study of deep brines of the Assal area (1989) by the Icelandic company Devt. & Prod. of the deep Assal resource funded by Ita. Govt. and WB. REI is carrying out Pre-Feasibility study in Assal Geothermal field

13 ASAL GEOTHERMAL FIELD MAIN AREAS OF FOCUS ASAL GEOTHERMAL FIELD ASAL 5 ASAL 4 ASAL 6 ASAL 1 & 3 ASAL 2

14 PROPOSED GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM Plan to drill additional wells and develop Geothermal Power Plant in the Lake Assal Region REI is currently doing prefeasibility studies with a view to drill additional deep wells and develop the resource. Government of Djibouti is committed to diversify the primary energy resource particularly use of RE resources (Geothermal).

15 ERITREA TIC= 130 MWe; Thermal Asmara-Massawa HW Sp. Red Sea Coast Gulf of Zula Acfat Group

16 MAIN AREAS OF FOCUS

17 SURFACE THERMAL MANIFESTATIONS IN ERITREA

18 Status of Geothermal Exploration In 1973, UNDP identified significant Geothermal Resources. In 1995, USAID financed USGS to explore possible use of geothermal resources for power generation in Eritrea, and gave priority to Alid V.C. Geological and Geochemical including isotopes were carried out in the Alid Volcanic Area Results indicate- - Occurrence of magmatic chamber (heat source) - Gas geothermometer = T>250ºC Presence of Fractured Permeability - Favourable for power generation

19 PROPOSED GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM Further Exploration and Analysis in the Alid.V.Area These include: Upgrading of Geological, Geochemical and Geophysical information Funds for MT and other geoscientific studies are applied from ARGeo. Exploratory drilling, well testing & installation of a pilot power plant at Alid. Reconnaissance Survey in the eastern lowlands of Eritrea.

20 ETHIOPIA Has Largest portion of the GREAS (1000 Km) ( E.G.P: > 5000 MWe)

21 ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE COUNTRY HYDRO GEOTHERMAL NATURAL GAS BIOMASS COAL WIND SOLAR

22 ETHIOPIA TIC= 783 MWe Hydro= 671 MWe Thermal= 112 Mwe Geothermal= 7.33 MWe 22% of the Population have access to E ETHIOPIAN ELCTRIC POWER SUPP.SYSTEM (EEPCo Data file) PLANNED TO REACH TO 50 % BY 2015 Others- traditional Biomass

23 Exploration began in 1969 (UNDP & EG) About 18 Geothermal Prospect areas were identified in the whole ERV (covers 13% of the country) Much larger are for direct uses (agriculture, agroindustry etc) LARGEST GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE IN AFRICA

24 GEOTHERMAL PROSPECTS OF ETHIOPIA Geothermal Area Detail Survey Drilling Max. Temp o C 1 Abaya Yes No 2 Corbetti Yes 94 3 Aluto Langano Yes Yes Tulu Moye Yes No Gedemsa No No Kone No No 7 Fantale Yes No 8 Dofan Yes No 9 Meteka No No 10 Danab No No 11 Teo No No 12 Abe No No 13 Tendaho Yes Yes Note: + Geothermometer value 16 sites known

25 TENDAHO TENDAHO ONLY TWO AREAS ARE SUBJECTED TO DRILLNG ALUTO-LANGANO (LD-AREA) 200 KM S. OF A.A ALUTO-LANGANO ALUTO-LANGAO TENDAHO (N.AFAR)- 650 KM NE OF A.A

26 THE ALUTO-LANGANO GEOTHERMAL FIELD DETAIL EXPLORATION INCLUDING DRILLING TOOK PLACE IN DEEP WELLS WERE DRILLED WITH MAXIMUM DEPTH OF 2.5 KM. FEASIBILITY STUDY WAS COMPLETED IN 1986 BY GSE AND ELC, ITALY THAT INDICATED 30MWe OF GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL TO LAST FOR 30 YEARS. Lake Ziway LA-2 LA-7 LA-8 LA-6 LA-3 LA-4 FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED BY EEC, UNDP AND THE ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT LA-5 LA Km Lake Langano

27 One of the Discharging Wells At Aluto, LA-6 Estimated Capacity of the field = 30 MWe for 30 Years (Feasibility Study, 1986) In 1995, the field handed over to EEPCO for Development

28 THE ALUTO-LANGANO PILOT POWER PLANT (BINARY) Currently producing 3MWe

29 THE WAY FORWARD FOR ALUTO Further Rehabilitation of the pilot plant MT + Appraisal drilling Expansion and Resource Development in various phases

30 TENDAHO GEOTHERMAL FIELD Ayrobera Doubti Allalobeda

31 TD-3 3 DEEP (2100 m) & 3 SHALLOW WELLS (500m) TD-1,2,4, 5 MAXIMUM TEMP = 260ºC PRODUCTION TEST & GEOCHEMICAL MONITORING IS CURRNTLY IN HAND ESTIMATED CAPACITY OF THE FIELD FROM THE DEEP WELLS IS ABOUT 20 MWe.

32 One of the Discharging wells, TD-5 TENDAHO

33 THE WAY FORWARD FEASIBILITY STUDY AND PILOT POWER PLANT from SHALLOW RESERVOIR ESTIMATED AT 3-5MWE LOCATION OF DEEP DRILL WELL SITES TO BE IDENTIFIED DRILLING AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (100 MWe)

34 PROSPECTS AT ADVANCED EXPLORATION STAGE

35 DOFAN-FANTALE TULU MOYE TULU MOYE CORBETTI ABAYA

36 Teo TEO DANAB METEKA RECONNAISSANCE

37 CURRENT ACTIVITY RESERVOIR ENGINEERING & GEOSCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF THE TENDAHO GEOTHERMAL FIELD INTERPRETATION OF MT &TEM DATA DETAILED GEOSCIENTIFIC STUDIES (Geology &Geochemistry) OF THE ABAYA GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT AREA REHABILITATION OF THE ALUTO- LANGANOGEOTHERMAL PILOT POWER PLANT

38 DURING THE THREE DECADES THAT GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE EXPLORATION WAS CARRIED OUT GOOD INFORMATION BASE GOOD DEGREE OF EXPLORATION AND HUMAN CAPACITY BASIC INSTITUTIONAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE HAVE DEVELOPED.

39 THE WAY FORWARD GOVT. OF ETHIOPIA IS COMMITTED TO DIVERSIFY AER. (ROAD MAP) PROSPECT 1: ALUTO LANGANO PROSPECT 2: TENDAHO PROSPECT 3 : CORBETTI PROSPECT 4: ABAYA PROJECT 5: TULU MOYE PROSPECT 6: DOFAN FANTALE Planned for about 500 MWe for the coming years.

40 KENYA TIC= 1005 MWe Thermal Geothermal Wind Diesel Gas turbine

41 E. R. Potential : >4000 MWe Main Areas of Focus: Olkaria fields Menengai Eburu Longonant Suswa Paka LOCATION OF GEOTHERMAL PROSPECTS THE KENYAN RIFT

42 GEOTHERMAL PROSPECTS OF KENYA Geothermal Area Detail Survey Drilling Max. Temp o C 1 L. Magadi No No Suswa Yes No Longonot Yes No > Olkaria Yes Yes Eburru Yes Yes Menengai Yes No > Arus/Bogoria Yes No Baringo Yes No > Korosi/Chepchuk Yes No > Paka Yes No > Silali No No Emurangogolak No No Namarunu No No 14 Barrier volcano No No Note: + Geothermometer

43 STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION Exploration started in Olkaria region in 1950 s In 1970 s More exp. Wells were drilled funded by UNDP and Kenya govt. Todate, more than 100 wells were drilled in Kenya to depths ranging from 503m-2800m. Further Exploration ongoing at Lake Magadi, Longonat, Eburu, Menengai, Suswa, Paka Sites. LOCATION OF GEOTHERMAL PROSPECTS THE KENYAN RIFT

44 Kenya s use of Geothermal Energy 1 ST African country to use Geothermal energy for E. power generation 45 MW (Olkaria I plant) Operating in Hells Gate National Park since Early 80 s > 98% Availability 70 MW Power station (OLkaria II) owned by KENGEN was commissioned in 2003 In 1997, Ormat International received a license to generate MW in BOO agreement, 12 MW commissioned so far (Olkaria III); Olkaria IV (DOMES)- Exploration with three Exploartion wells drilled. Further appraisal drilling of six wells is completed. Total installed capacity is about 130 MW

45 Cenozoic UGANDA North Island L. Turkana Central Island Kilometers Ol'Doinyo Lengai o E South Island Barrier Volcano Emuruangogolak Silale Mt. Elgon Paka KENYA Korosi L. Baringo Arus-Bogoria Nyambeni Kisumu Mt. Kenya O o 0LKARIA Menengai Homa Hills Eburru L. Naivasha Olkaria Longonot Suswa Mozambique Nairobi metamorphic Ol'Esakut belt Basalt-Trachyte-Rhyolite centers Nephelinitic centers Alkaline centers Lakes Geothermal Prospects Geothermal Fields Rift Faults volcanics Namarunu Olorgesaille L. Magadi Shombole TANZANIA Kilimanjaro o E Huri Chyulu o N ETHIO PIA 2050 Mesozoic sediments 2110 O W OLKARIA o E NORTH WEST OW OW-304D O W OL-III OW-301 OLKARIA SOUTH IPP WEST FIELD 12 MWe=IPP 2 o S O W OW-305 OW OW-303A OLKARIA G. FIELD- TOTAL=130 MWe 2110 O W OW OLKARIA O W OW-401 O W CENTRAL 2050 O W O W O W - R O W O W MWe=IPP OW-801 OW OW O W OW OLKARIA EAST FIELD OL-I 45 MW OLKARIA SOUTH OLKARIA NORTH OL-II EAST FIELD 70 MW O W (KENGEN) KENGEN 2170 O W O W OW OW OW OLKARIA DOMES FIELD OL-IV OW-903 Exploration 70 MWe=KG MWe=KG APP.DRIL MWe EAST FIELD

46 OSERIAN-GREEN HOUSE 2MWe

47 2350 EW-06 EW-05 EW EW-01 EW-02 EW KEY Fault EW-02 Geothermal well Crater 1000m km Location of Geothermal Wells in the Eburru Geothermal Field, Kenya 1 st UNU-KENGEN SC

48 PROPOSED GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM Production Drilling and Development of 140 MWe by 2012 in Olkaria Domes (Olkaria IV ) Expansion of Olkaria III by 36 MWe (2008/9) Building of a Geothermal Pilot plant at Eburru (5 MWe) Plans for additional 1260 MW by 2018 GoK is planning to further explore and develop other geothermal prospects (Menengai, Longonat etc..)

49 KENYA: HAS ACQUIRED CONSIDERABLE EXPERTISE IN GEOTHERMAL RELATED EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING HAS LED TO A DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE NECESSARY FOR GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE E,D & U.

50 TANZANIA TIC= 785 MWe Hydro= 561 MWe (70%) Thermal= 202 MWe (30%)

51 LOCATION OF PROPOSED GEOTHERMAL PROJECT SITES IN TANZANIA E. G.R Potential MWe ARUSHA Natron-Manyara

52 STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION Geothermal Resource Exploration started between by Swedish Consult. Group in Collaboration with Virkir-Orkint of Iceland Two potential targets, Arusha & Mbeya region,were Singled out for further Geothermal Exploration Detail Exploration in Mbeya region funded by UNDP in 1983 FEC,T. company, did exploration studies and research on the economic feasibility in Rufiji (Luhoi) region ( ) Results indicate: Existence of geothermal resources for power generation in Arusha, Mbeya and Luhoi area (T= ºC). BGR did geoscientific studies in Mbeya G. Prospect area.

53 PROPOSED GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM Further Exploration and Analysis of selected geothermal Prospects (Arusha & Mbeya) The Local company develop plans for a 6 MW G. power plant in Luhoi and looking for an international partner. The prospect is located 20 km from a MG and 90 Km from the National Power Grid Govt. is committed to participate in a private sector led initiative

54 UGANDA Located in the western branch of the EAS TIC= 300 MWe (hydro) reduced to 135 MWe E.R. Potential : 450 MWe Main Areas of Focus: Western Part of Uganda

55 BURANGA KATWAE KIBIRO GEOTHERMAL PROSPECT AREAS (UGANDA)

56 STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION 1 st phase of Geoth. Exploration (GEP I) took place in with assistance from UNDP, OPEC and Govt. of Iceland Three Geothermal Areas were selected (Katwe, Buranga and Kibiro), all located on the W. branch of the EARS. ADB with UAERA conducted research at the katwe and Buranga fields ICEIDA financed geological and geophysical surveys at Kibiro & complete the work of UAERA. BGR carried out Microseismic survey at Buranga Drilling of TG wells ( m) at Katwe and Kibiro. Govt. Provide Counterpart Support for successful Implementation Under preparation to host 2 nd ARGeo Conference in November 2008

57 PROPOSED GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM Deep exploratory drillng at Kibiro & Katwe (is located 35 Km from the Terminus of a 132 KV transmission line). KIBIRO Feasibility study, if successful, development of 30MW geothermal power plant by an IPP. Govt s policy framework is strongly private sector oriented for power generation

58 ZAMBIA

59 STATUS OF GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION Since 1950, ZGS examined various springs during routine R. mapping exercises In 1986, the ZGS together with I. company studied various HS and todate, development has been considered on two prospects (i) Kapsiya and (ii) Chinyunyu HS projects. Pilot Plant (nominal capacity of 200 kw) located in Kapsiya (Sumbu) was built with funding from the Ital. govt. The plant never became operational KENGEN- Refurbishing of the plant is in progress

60 D. R. C ON GO Kapisya Prospect Lake Tanga nyika " L ake Mweru! Mp ulun gu Sumbu National Pa rk!! K asama! Isoka TAN ZAN IA AN GOLA! So lwezi MA LAWI! Mansa Ban gweulu Flood plain s Nor th Lu angwa National Pa rk! Mp ika Lu ambe Natio nal Par k Kitwe!! Ndo la Kasanka National Pa rk Sou th Lu angwa National pa rk Liuwa Plain s National Pa rk Kafue Na tio nal Par k! Mo ngu Chipata!!! Mkushi Ka piri Mposhi Lusak a! Lower Zambezi National Par k L och invar Natio nal Par k! Chirun du S iavonga! Lake Kar iba ZIMBABWE Sio ma Ngwezi National Pa rk! Livin gston e LOCATION Victoria MAP Falls OF GEOHERMAL PROSPECT B OTSWA NA AREAS IN ZAMBIA N AMIBIA Z A M B I A chinyunyu MOZA MBIQU E

61 PROPOSED GEOTHERMAL PROGRAM Govt. of Zambia is exploring options for expansion of the Kapsiya geothermal field. Train local personnel in the maintenance & operation of the plant JICA with ZGS planning Construction of a geothermal power plant to provide electric power to the local community at chinyunyu Hs (50 km east of Lusaka).

62 MAIN OBSERVATIONS A substantial Potential of G. E. Resource exist within the African Continent (EARS) Geothermal resources are indigenous, reliable, environmental friendly & cost effective alternative energy resource. Devt. of Geothermal Resources are constrained by Risks associated with resource E&D Financial risks associated with investment in PD projects Lack of appropriate investment and institutional settings in many EA countries Diversified use of energy augments energy supply from HP plants and improve the Generation Mix (Avoid vulnerability to drought and oil P. fluctuations)

63 STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT Establish long term conducive policies and incentives that attract private investment A Regional Network of Geothermal agencies should be set-up to ensure the promotion and use of geothermal expertise in the region Establish a Risk Guarantee fund for exploratory and appraisal drilling of projects in the region look for loans and grants from IO to finance the projects for further EX. & Development. Alternative is look for PS participation and financing from developers, investors, equipment suppliers and development banks.

64 UPCOMING PROJECT Multi and Bi-lateral Agreements ARGEO Eastern African Regional Geothermal Programme P. Objective Techn. Ass & RMF for exploration Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Uganda and Tanzania Rwanda/Comoros Islands The project approved by the GEF Council in June, Executive and Implementing agents are: World bank and UNEP. Three projects from Djibouti, Kenya and Ethiopia are selected for RMF.

65 THANK YOU