Glimpse of Hydro Projects Development in Nepal

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2 Glimpse of Hydro Projects Development in Nepal Total theoretical hydroelectricity potential of the country : 83,000 MW Economically feasible : 42,000 MW (ADB and ICIMOD, 2006) Of the total installed 829 MW, the installed capacity generated by the 38 operati ve hydropower facilities in Nepal = 776 MW Energy production in winter = 300 MW while the demand for electricity= 1300 MW leading 45% load shedding Per capita electricity consumption= 132 kw lowest in South Asia, and only 58% of total population (28 million) is connected to national grid Enactment of new Hydropower Development Policy 1992, and has since then rapidly developed, despite first hydro project developed in 1911-second in Asia Recently declared (18 th Feb 2016) energy crisis mitigation proposal will trigger r apid developments of HEP, 10, 000 MW in 10 year scrapping some E and S pro vision especially stakeholders engagement

3 About Upper Trishuli Project Location UPPER SANJEN (14.8MW) (India + Nepal) SANJEN (42.8MW) (India + Nepal) CHILIME (22.1MW) RASUWAGADHI (111MW) (China) Rasuwa Bhotekoshi (120 MW) 60 MW UT-3B (37 MW Planned)

4 Salient features of UT 1 Project Name Upper Trishuli 1 Hydroelectric Project (UT 1HEP) Current Sponsors Project Method and Type Plant Capacity Annual Electricity Generation Net Head Head race tunnel length Design discharge Access road Transmission line Power house 1) Korea South East Power Co., Ltd. (50%) 2) Daelim Industrial Co., Ltd (15%) 3) Kyeryong Construction Co., Ltd (10%) 4) International Finance Corp (15% 5) Local Sponsor (10 %) BOOT (IPP)/ Run of River type 216 MW (72 MW x 3 units) 1,533.1GWh (Gross), 1,456.4Gwh (Net) : Gwh (Dry Season) and 1,149.72GWh (Wet Season) m About 9.82 km Q50 = 76 m³/s 11.8 km road from Mailung Dhovan (powerhouse site) to the intake site Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) recently completed. Not included in the CIA Underground

5 Steps in CIA in UT 1

6 Conceptual Understanding of Cumulative Impacts, and VECs : Subject Matter of Cumulative Impacts : Environmental attributes or components of the environment expressed in Valued Ecological and Social Components VECs should reflect public concern about social, cultural, economic, or aesthetic v alues, and also the scientific concerns of the professional community (Beanlands and D uinker 1983). VECs build from existing definitions of valuable environmental and social compone nts described in the Performance Standards (e.g., critical habitat in Performance Standard 6 and critical cultural heritage in Performance Standard 7). CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) guides sustainable use and insist vi ability or sustainability of VECs, : capacity of ecosystem, community or populatio n to endure. i.e to remain diverse and productive over time no net loss

7 Scoping Phase I VECs, Spatial and Temporal boundaries Identification of VECs (HOW) Consulting team s knowledge of project, and its anticipated impact Common understanding in the literature : (WB, 2012) Knowledge about the Project works and activities and the environm ent likely to be affected (EIA, and baseline information on E and S) Baseline information available on project area, CIA analysis of HEPs in other area (Kabeli A) Focus group discussion (FGD) held at district level comprised of govern ment stakeholders, private and public institutions, political parties, journ alists, project affected people~common VECs

8 Spatial Boundaries : Regional Context /Gandaki River Basin

9 Regional context : Gandaki River Basin Area: km²

10 Spatial Boundaries : Hydro projects development in Nepal : Gandaki Basin 9 major basins in Nepal, 20 in operation, 33 in UC, 53 in planning in Gandaki

11 Regional Risk Assessment in Gandaki System

12 Spatial Boundary : Spatial Concentration of HEPs Area: 3,170 km² Area: 4,160 km² (13% of Gandaki Basin Altitude: 2000 m (high and mid mountain

13 Temporal Context : Trishuli River Watershed=1133 MW In Operation (6%) 6 Projects: MW Under Construction 12 Projects: MW Under Survey License 21 Projects: MW

14 Temporal Prospective of HEPs Development : Scenario 1 <10 yr 14 projects covering 226 km2 will operate

15 Temporal Prospective of HEPs Development : Scenario 2 >10 yr 33 projects covering 506 km2 concession area

16 Scoping Phase 2 : Other Activities and Environmental/Social Drivers Purpose : Identify the totality of stresses determine the condition of VECs Through GIS Mapping and Spatial Analysis, impact of agriculture, forestry and t ourism on VECs identified, but Hydropower development is main Environmental Stressors : Landslides, Forest Fires, Climate Change, GLOFs Structure of Assessment: For each selected VEC,first identified the main potential impacts through the us e of impact hypothesis approach; a simple diagrammatic representation of a cause-effect relationship between two related states or actions Identified a number of pressure or risk indicators (quantifiable or qualitative to assess the future VEC condition Pressure-state response (PSR) framework Pressure (aka stressor) indicators (e.g. road density, land cover alteration, etc.) in this case are intended to provide inf ormation on the relative degree of potential stress on VECs and act as a proxy for cumulative impacts

17 Indicators for the assessment of cumulative impacts on selected VECs

18 Indicators for the assessment of cumulative impacts on selected VECs

19 Step 3 : Establish baseline information for VEC Water Resources : Residual Water Stretch ~8 km

20 Mean Monthly Flow

21 Step 4 : Assessment on Cumulative Impacts : model diagram for VEC Water resources

22 Step 4 : Indicators for Cumulative Impact for VEC Water resources

23 Step 5 : Assess Significance of Cumulative Impact

24 VEC : Fish and Aquatic Habitat

25 Step 3 : Fish and Aquatic Habitat (baseline) Migratory fish species in the Trishuli watershed

26 Step 4: Cumulative Impacts model diagram for VEC Fish and Aquatic Habitat

27 Step 4/5 : Cumulative Impact, and Significance on Fish and Aquatic Habitat

28 VEC Erosion and sedimentation processes

29 Results Step 4/5 : Cumulative Impact on Erosion and sedimentation processes

30 VEC : Terrestrial Habitats

31 Cumulative impact on VEC Terrestrial Habitats

32 Step 3 : Proximity to Protected area Endangered : Fauna: Snow leopard, musk deer, red panda, Himalayan Black Bear Flora: Langtang Larix 2.61 Ha (0.15 % of LNP) 399 Trees Common Species Schima Ha affected wallichhi - Alnus nepalensis Riparian vegetation Reforestation in 1: 2 Ratio Conservation Awareness on reducing poaching and illegal trade

33 Step 4/5 : Cumulative Impact on VEC Use of Natural Resources

34 Cumulative Impact on VEC Cultural Heritage

35 Step 6 : Cumulative Impact Management and Monitoring

36 Cumulative Impact Management and Monitoring

37 10% Monthly 50-80% March & April

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41 Thank You