Lessons Learned, Tools, Trends & Technologies for ZNE JANUARY 20, 2015 WEBINAR

Transcription

1 Lessons Learned, Tools, Trends & Technologies for ZNE JANUARY 20, 2015 WEBINAR

2 ZNE Lessons Learned, Tools & Resources for ZNE AGENDA Welcome & Introduction CA ZNE Goals & Policy Trends & Status of ZNE Lessons Learned from the CA Early Adopters Tools & Resources for ZNE ACHIEVEMENT

3 Big Bold Goals for ZNE in California 1 All new commercial construction will be ZNE by % of existing buildings will be retrofit to ZNE by All new residential construction in California will be ZNE by 2020 The California Efficiency Strategic Plan (Sep 2008) californiaenergyefficiency.com/docs/ EEStrategicPlan.pdf Exploratorium San Francisco, CA DPR Offices Non-commercial reproduction UNDERSTANG of this content or use in other materials is allowed. Please cite the source as: California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013

4 Foundation of State Policies Global Warming Solutions Act (2006) AB 32 Reduces statewide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and to 20 percent of 1990 levels by Energy Efficiency Program for Existing Buildings (2009) AB 758 Requires the Energy Commission to develop and implement a comprehensive program to achieve greater energy savings in the state of California s existing residential and nonresidential building stock. Long Term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan (2008) State s first integrated framework a single roadmap to achieve maximum energy savings across all major groups and sectors. Non-commercial reproduction UNDERSTANG of this content or use in other materials is allowed. Please cite the source as: California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013

5 Leading by Example California s Policy for Public Buildings Executive Order B requires state buildings to significantly reduce energy use over the next two decades. Any proposed new or major renovation of State buildings larger than 10,000 square feet use clean, on-site power generation, such as solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and wind power generation, and clean back-up power supplies 50% of new facilities beginning design after 2020 to be Zero Net Energy. 100% of new State buildings & major renovations beginning design after 2025 to be ZNE Non-commercial reproduction UNDERSTANG of this content or use in other materials is allowed. Please cite the source as: California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013

6 Zero Net Energy What is it? A ZNE building produces as much energy as it consumes through clean, renewable resources over the course of a year. Also known as Net Zero Energy. Non-commercial reproduction UNDERSTANG of this content or use in other materials is allowed. Please cite the source as: California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013

7 Code Cycles to Net Zero in CA Code Cycles to ZNE, Source: SCE & AEC, 2009 NBI 2014

8 Zero Net Energy Buildings NBI 2014

9 The largest database on ZNE buildings in North America and the only database searchable by ZNE Status & Energy Performance NBI 2014

10 Where Are They? NBI 2014

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12 Broad Conclusions 1. ZNE has moved from an impossible future to a quite probable future in just a few years. It s a question of priorities, policies and support. 2. Program efforts have been effective at enabling projects to meet their goals using enhanced versions of relatively standard approaches. 3. Standard practice business case or cost effectiveness is still weak. However, examples of projects within normal cost parameters exist, and for some markets, demonstration of leadership, longer-term perspectives, and/or environmental commitment trumps normal short-term economics. 4. The market is at a very early stage; awareness, examples, education, and motivation are needed to continue to advance.

13 Trends Bigger buildings, more types, more firms, diverse climates, lower EUIs, Buildings use readily available technologies and integrated design Net Positive Designers and owners want measurement and feedback Design teams going beyond the project to policy Low-rise Multifamily growing Ultra-low energy accomplishments are accelerating Ramona Apartments, Portland, OR

14 Challenges Definitions Data Gathering PV delayed due to cost Projects not occupied or operated as modeled Getting the metering right Commissioning new form of ZNE Cx Fear of disclosure - ZNE seen as an end-all

15 ZERO NET ENERGY BUILDINGS IN CALIFORNIA: COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS DPR Construction San Diego Corporate Office Bacon St. Offices, SDG&E & Hanna Gabriel Wells Architects SMUD East Campus Operations Center

16 ZNE & ZNE Efficient Buildings IN CA Buildings by Size 8% < 50,000 SF 8% > 50,000 SF 51% N.A. 33% District (multiple buildings)

17 CA Climate Zone Projects by CA Climate Zone Project Count

18 ZNE Early Adopters Leadership Network CPUC-NBI-DGS public sector peer learning group to support : Local governments State agencies K-12 schools Higher Education Utilities ACHIEVEMENT

19 ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies Leading CA Cities & Counties Los Angeles County County of Santa Clara San Francisco Berkeley San Diego Los Altos San Jose Sacramento Alameda Huntington Beach San Leandro Long Beach Sebastapol City of Lancaster Sonoma County Santa Barbara County

20 ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies State Government DGS DMV CA Dept of Corrections Caltrans ARB Employment Dept. Federal Government NASA Army

21 ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies Higher Education UC Davis UC Santa Barbara UC San Diego Stanford UC Merced Laney Community College DeAnza College Mesa College Sonoma State

22 ZNE EARLY ADOPTERS pursuing ZNE projects, plans or policies Leading Schools & Districts Los Altos Oakland Campbell- San Jose Los Angeles Chula Vista Redding Corte Madera

23 Motivations to Pursue ZNE State Policy/Executive Order Stabilize energy costs and lower GHG Renewable Energy Goals Leadership & demonstration Help Promote ZNE to professional design community and owners Building project in progress with high performance goals Increasing uncertainty about cost and availability of energy, risk management for financing operations and long term sustainability College and universities increasingly face fiscal constraints. There is increasing uncertainty about the cost and availability of purchased energy to operate existing and new facilities. These uncertainties pose risks to institutional finances, operations and longterm sustainability.

24 EARLY ADOPTER PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ZNE Cost Funding/Financing Lack of Information/Education/Marketing Lack of vision/value recognition/resistence to change Separation of capital financing and operation Occupant expectations for conditioning Lack of Performance/Cost Data Lack of Life Cycle Cost Analysis Public Perception Net Energy Metering (NEM) Tariff Conflicts Lack of reqmt for integrated design Effective Maintenance & Operation to ZNE Clear Definitions Green champions Poor coordination of existing bldg upgrades

25 EARLY ADOPTER INFORMATION NEEDS Cost and Payback Info Building Design Case Studies Funding Technologies Best Practices Why to do ZNE messaging Retrofits v. Replacement with ZNE Life Cycle costing NEM & DR Conflicts General ZNE Info Role of occupants and plug loads Operations Existing Buildings Strategies Training for Design Professionals Implementation strategies

26 LESSONS LEARNED from the Zero Net Energy Early Adopters Leadership Network ACHIEVEMENT

27 How are Early Adopters Getting to ZNE? Strategies: Engage leadership to set ZNE Goals & Targets Adopt a formal policy for ZNE Establish a ZNE Task Force Solicit Feasibility Studies for Capital Projects Initiate one or more ZNE Pilots Amend contract RFP/RFQ Requirements for ZNE performance goals and priorities: for contractors, performance targets, required specifications, documentation and persistence

28 How are Early Adopters Getting to ZNE? Strategies: 1. Explore creative funding opportunities for ZNE: EPIC, Savings by Design, technology demonstration, bonds, establish efficiency reserve funds. 2. Establish Incentives for ZNE buildings: permitting fast track, fee waivers, low cost loans, public recognition by leadership, etc. 3. Use the Tools to Engage and Educate internal staff, leadership and public facing staff, communication and media re: goals, targets, and important roll in operations and behavior 4. Educate facilities and operations staff much of ZNE happens downstream

29 LESSONS LEARNED Early Adopters need greater resources & support. 1. Networks and forums to share lessons learned and resources 2. Incentives and programs to support energy modeling, LCA, integrated design process 3. Tools for communication, marketing, and education 4. Templates for policy, contracts, performance specifications 5. Cost & Financing Information 6. Education & Training, including: integration of ZNE into building delivery models, ZNE operations and role of behavior 7. More Built Examples/Case Studies 8. Removal of Policy Barriers: Creative Delivery Options

30 LESSONS LEARNED What we Heard from the Early Adopters Institutional Barriers 1. Limitations on procurement structure does not support a design-build or integrated design process. 2. Typical state and local contracts are not performance based. 3. State and local govs are risk averse so are hesitant to be experimental 4. Need internal reserve funds for up front energy efficiency investments 5. Limits on oversizing renewables are a challenge 6. Lack of qualified O&M staff for public buildings to plan for or operate to ZNE performance.

31 OVERCOMING THE COST BARRIER The prevailing industry perception is that zero energy is cost prohibitive and suitable only for showcase projects with atypical, large budgets; however, there is mounting evidence that zero energy can, in many cases, be achieved within typical construction budgets.

32 Fundraising & Financing Strategies 1. Utility Program Support - Savings By Design 2. Pilot Research Program 3. Technology Demonstrations 4. Use an Upgradable Design Strategy (e.g. Redding School for the Arts) 5. External Grant Funding 6. District Approach to Energy (FortZED) 7. Solar Financing District (e.g PACE) PHOTO: San Francisco PUC San Francisco, CA 8. Prop 39 funding for schools

33 Fundraising & Financing Strategies 9. Prototypical Design for replication of standard buildings (Campbell School District s 8 new schools) 10. Reduction of operation costs = increased capital project budgets 11. Power purchase agreements (PPAs) 12. Energy Service Companies (ESCo) 13. Emerging Tech programs through utilities 14. Urban development tools (if they are in local government redevelopment area) 15. FEMA or hazard mitigation financing for PHOTO: San Francisco PUC San Francisco, CA resiliency planning and critical building upgrades

34 New Resources to Support Local Governments Policy Templates Santa Barbara Resolution for Zero Energy Buildings in County Owned Facilities ZNE Incentive Track embedded in Green Building Programs SmartBuildSB2 website New Resources ZNE Report by Center for Sustainable Energy & Online Tool NBI Top 10 Policies for Getting to Zero Energy Buildings

35 ZNE Tools & Resources ACHIEVEMENT

36 Getting to Zero Workshops for ZNE Early Adopters Give participants an overview of California ZNE policy goals Foster peer to peer learning networks Showcase project case studies Provide customized tools and resources necessary to help support education and advocacy efforts Help participants develop policy targets Provide support for programs or projects with ZNE performance goals

37 ZNE Building Tours NBI 2014

38 Assembling the Building Blocks of your ZNE Plan NBI 2014

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40 ZNE Presentation Templates Primarily commercial Carries general messages CA Goals for ZNE ZNE building examples Open source platform! Slide collection will grow as champions and others develop their own ZNE presentations Users of the Presentation: Champions & Early Adopters Utilities Communications staff

41 Fact Sheets/ZNE Companion Guide Policymakers Decisionmakers of Schools & Public Buildings Architecture & Engineering Commercial Owners FAQs

42 ZNE Project Profiles News & Events Policy & Planning Updates Upcoming Training & Education New Research Low Energy Building Innovations to sign up

43 ZNE & Ultra-Low Energy Case Studies CPUC Case Study Briefs & NBI ZNE Case Studies PG&E Case Studies es/publications/case-studies/case-studieszne-non-residential-buildings.aspx NBI Registry Getting to Zero Database Topic 2

44 What you can do today to get started 1. Develop your ZNE Plan 2. Create the supporting policy 3. Get & Use the ZNE Communication Tools & Planning Workbook 4. Build capacity through education, collaboration, and convening PHOTO: San Francisco PUC San Francisco, CA

45 Questions? PHOTO: Chartwell School Seaside, CA (photo: Michael David Rose)

46 Thank You! For more information and resources visit: ZNE Communications Toolkit: Contact: Heather Flint Chatto, Non-commercial reproduction UNDERSTANG of this content or use in other materials is allowed. Please cite the source as: California ZNE Communications Toolkit, July 2013

47 Introduction to 3 new: ZNE Technology Application Guides Webinar Early Adopter Webinar January 20, 2015

48 Guides include: The technology, its features and benefits Energy performance - both modeled and measured Project application examples Overviews on costs and trends Lists of related resources.

49 Today s Overview 1. Explanation 2. Application 3. Implication

50 Barb Hamilton, Lighting Manager

51 1) Explanation Lighting accounts for 25-30% of electricity used in California office buildings

52 A sample system Sensor at each luminaire Continuous dimming Communication Energy Tracking and Data Collecting Many ways to do it

53 Advancement Granularity Flexibility Monitoring

54 A system at work Maximum Savings through Control Strategy Layering with capability at the Smallest Increment

55 2) Application Office space with individual luminaires at each workspace Uplight vs. Downlight control Occupant Feedback No aesthetic issues Like individual control Energy Savings 60% Savings

56 Application Office and warehouse retrofit Recessed luminaire retrofit Downlight control only Occupant Feedback Liked customization Energy Savings 65% Total Tuning 18% Occupancy 42% Daylighting 5%

57 3) Implication

58 Compared to Code

59 Mark Lyles, Senior Project Manager

60 1) Explanation Energy Efficient Cooling Through Evaporation

61 Adding water vapor to hot air removes sensible heat through the process of evaporation Early form of cooling Effectiveness of process is highly dependent on outside air conditions Basics

62 Climate Specific Effectiveness is related to temp and RH Advances in IEC technologies allows for wider adoption Can be used in most CA climates

63 Indirect Evaporative Cooling Indirect process uses evaporation to cool secondary air or fluid Efficient cooling without raising indoor humidity levels Can be used to meet entire cooling load or to downsize a parallel cooling system (IEC)

64 Configurations Several common configurations for IEC: Packaged unit that includes air-moving devices and water distribution Evaporatively cooled air conditioners (cool condenser) Cooling tower used to evaporatively precool ventilation air Source: Coolerado

65 Other Design Considerations Water quality and usage: - High mineral content can result in inefficient water usage and operation - Compare system specs for water use metrics - Ensure proper installation and ongoing commissioning - Operation staff training

66 UC Merced Science & 237,000 SF building that includes classrooms, labs and offices Ventilation for lab areas is evaporatively pre-cooled Part of strategy to reduce peak cooling demand Results indicate a 50% reduction in peak chilled water usage Engineering 1

67 San Luis National Wildlife Refuge HQ & Visitor Center 16,500 SF interpretative center Targeting ZNE Cooling strategy includes two stages: 1. Passive thermal displacement 2. High efficient precooling/multistage IEC system Source: Catalyst Architects

68 Energy Savings As outdoor temperatures increase, evaporativebased systems typically become more efficient This characteristic results in favorable peak energy savings Analysis conducted for Title 24 determined that the savings potential for was on the order of 18-26% (TDV)

69 Cathy Higgins, Research Director

70 1) Explanation Reducing Fan Energy & Increasing Comfort

71 How: Basics Cool and/or warm water is piped through panels, slabs, ceilings or floors Ventilation air is provided by a Dedicated Outside Air System (DOAS) which can include energy recovery Why: Less energy to pumping water than using fans to push air Reduces standard forced-air system operational issues such as simultaneous heating and cooling Thermal comfort and fresh air are increased

72 Typical Types: flex in slabs or copper in panels

73 Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) for Ventilation

74 Slabs Considerations Floor and ceiling slabs best in spaces with standard ventilation rates that don t experience rapid changes in occupant density. Ceiling slabs are more effective than floor slabs for cooling the space. Panels (ceiling and wall) Faster thermal response than slabs so more effective with frequently changing thermal demands, Good for cooling-dominated applications and retrofit application. Chilled beams Spaces with high ventilation rates and high ceilings, combined with radiant slabs to meet large sensible cooling loads. Moisture Careful set points and control for the chilled-water supply to avoid condensation on slab surfaces

75 2) Application Tahoe Center for Environmental Studies 45,000 sf with radiant panels and some floor slabs, DOAS + CO 2 sensors for ventilation

76 IDeAs Office - San Jose, CA 6,557 gsf - floor slab served by solar thermal and GSHP, natural ventilation and back-up fan ventilation Source: PG&E ZNE Case Study Buildings 2014

77 Watsonville Water Resources Center 16,000 gsf heating in floor slab served by gas condensing boiler, ventilation is operable windows, large slow-moving ceiling fans, passive chimney drafting and back-up mechanical heat pump a/c. PHOTO: BRUCE DIAMONT Source: PG&E ZNE Case Study Buildings 2014

78 Additional case study resources

79 3) Implications Source 1: Exploratorium Modeled Energy Source 2: P. Rumsey Study of Infosys Bldg., India ASHRAE Article May 2014

80 Packard Foundation HQ Building Los Altos, CA

81 Questions PHOTO: BRUCE DIAMONT