BetaGuard PM Particulate Monitor Discussion. BetaGuard PM Background and Technical Information. BetaGuard PM CEM. MARAMA PM CEMS Webinar

Transcription

1 BetaGuard PM Particulate Monitor Discussion MARAMA PM CEMS Webinar October 20, 2011 Craig Clapsaddle MSI/Mechanical Systems, Inc. BetaGuard PM Background and Technical Information BetaGuard PM CEM Development began in 1995 Field trials in 1998 and 1999 Commercial product in January 2001 First commercial installation in 2002 Accumulated over 1 million operating hours Meets all US EPA PS-11 specifications Uses beta gauge technology and mass flow meters to directly measure PM mass concentration 1

2 System Diagram MSI BetaGuard PM Direct measure of mass concentration Replicates EPA Methods 5, 5B NIST traceable mass standards used to calibrate monitor s mass measurement Beta attenuation mass measurement is independent of particle characteristics Dilution sampling probe 100% Isokinetic sampling Automatic daily mass and flow drift checks Designed for long-term unattended operation with high availability (>90%) Minimal moving parts Meets all US EPA requirements 2

3 Beta Gauge Operating Principle G-M Tube C14 Source Figure 1: Beta Transmission Sensor Beta particles are electrons Electrons are absorbed by mass Geiger-Müller (G-M) tube detects the number of beta particles not absorbed Mass measurement follows Beer-Lambert Law Mass of dust is the ratio of the filter masses before and after particulate loading Particulate Collected on Filter Tape Particulate collected on glass fiber filter tape Mass measured with a beta gauge Sample flow volume measured on both a wet and dry basis Concentration output mg/wscm lb/mmbtu calculated using CO 2 and F-factor BetaGuard Measurement Cycle 8 Step Cycle 1: 44 sec new spots 2: 120 sec zero left 3: 28 sec move 4: 716 sec sample left, 120 sec zero right 5: 28 sec move 6: 716 sec sample right, 120 sec measure left 7: 28 sec move 8: 120 sec measure right 3

4 Output Mass Concentration Calculate lb/mmbtu using the following formula: lb/mmbtu = mg/wscm*fc*6.24x10-8 *(100/%CO 2w ) = 30*1800*6.24x10-8 *100/11.3 No correction needed for temperature, moisture, or pressure General Information Detection Level In a 12.5 minute sample with 1:1 dilution ratio detection level is about 0.6 mg/scm If regulatory agency allows longer sample time, can lower the detection level PS-11 Certification The Correlation Test 4

5 PS-11 Correlation Test Requires 15 data points over a wide range of PM concentrations Need at least 3 PM levels (low, mid, high) Need at least 20% of data points in each PM level (3) Calculate "correlation" between monitor and RM Determine CC, CI, TI compare those to criteria BetaGuard PM Correlation 65 Y = 1.35 * X CC = CI = 0.98% TI = 3.2% Method 5 (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM (mg/wscm) Units 8/9 Stack - BetaGuard PM Correlation 18 y = 1.36 x CC = CI = 2.15 % TI = 6.8 % Method 5B (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM (mg/wscm) 5

6 BetaGuard PM Correlation Emission Limit Y = * X Method 5B (mg/wscm) CC = CI = 2.77% TI = 9.3% BetaGuard PM (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM Correlation y = 1.49 x CC = CI = 0.79% TI = 2.7% Method 5B (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM Correlation, 2009 RRA & 2010 RRA Method 5 (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM (mg/wscm) Initial Corr 2009 RRA 2010 RRA Linear (Initial Corr) Linear (Upper Limit) Linear (Lower Limit) 6

7 BetaGuard PM Correlation & 2010 RRA Result Method 5 (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM (mg/wscm) Correlation 2010 RRA Linear (Correlation) BetaGuard PM Correlation & 2010 RRA Result Method 5 (mg/wscm) BetaGuard PM (mg/wscm) Correlation 2010 RRA Linear (Correlation) Lessons Learned 7

8 Plant Variations Every stack is different Every process is different Process changes affect PM emissions SCR on vs. off Sorbent injection on vs. off Mist eliminator operation affects PM emissions Excess air and boiler outlet temperature Duct work leaks affect PM emissions Acid gases are a challenge to handle PS-11 Correlation Test Obtaining different PM concentrations is a challenge but not impossible Use different flow or production rates or fuels Detune primary PM control equipment Inject dust into gas stream Use QAG to calibrate PM CEM Pull probe from stack and sample ambient air for zero (only for the beta gauge monitor) Method 5 test method improvements are needed On-site final analysis of samples is needed Particulate Characterization Testing Developed a procedure that works Recommended to find a representative sampling location in the stack Particulate stratification does exist 8

9 Summary BetaGuard is direct measure of PM concentration BetaGuard actively maintains isokinetic sampling BetaGuard has wide operational flexibility allowing for site specific optimization BetaGuard obtains high data availability BetaGuard is reliable and accurate BetaGuard is simple to operate and easy to maintain BetaGuard is installed on many stacks with a long history of successful operation BetaGuard PM Plant Installations 9

10 Specialty pulp mill Recovery boiler stack April 2003 Rayonier Mt. Storm Dominion Generation Units 1 & 2 Stack July 2004 Oak Creek Power Plant We Energies Units 5 & 6 combined stack January

11 Western Kentucky Energy Henderson Municipal Power & Light Unit 2 Stack August 2005 Kennecott Utah Copper Primary Copper Smelter Main Stack December 2005 We Energies Pleasant Prairie Power Plant Unit 1 and Unit 2 Stacks September

12 Western Kentucky Energy Henderson Municipal Power & Light Unit 1 Stack February 2007 Philadelphia Refinery FCCU/CO Boiler Stack April 2007 Sunoco Minnkota Power Coop. M.R. Young Station Unit 2 Stack now Unit 1 stack July

13 Bruce Mansfield Plant FirstEnergy Corp. Unit 3 Flue A and Flue B June 2008 Mt. Storm Unit 3 Stack August 2008 Dominion Generation Indianapolis Power & Light Harding Street Unit 7 Scrubbed Stack April

14 City Water Light & Power Dallman Station Unit 4 Stack July 2009 FirstEnergy Corp. Bruce Mansfield Plant Unit 1 Flue A and B Unit 2 Flue A and B August 2009 Moncure MDF Uniboard USA MDF Scrubber Stacks (02 & 14) July

15 Minnkota Power Coop. M.R. Young Station New Unit 2 Stack September 2010 Indianapolis Power & Light Harding Street Unit 7 Scrubbed Stack - Backup Monitor March 2011 Wild Turkey Distillery Distillery Boiler House Wood Fired Steam Boilers U8 & U9 April

16 Prairie State Prairie State Energy Center Unit 1 Stack July 2011 Hoosier Energy Merom Generating Station Unit 1 Stack Unit 2 Stack August