a timeline to interpret solar energy use throughout history. Over the Years

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1 Summary: Students construct a timeine to interpret soar energy use throughout history. Over the Years Grade Leve: 5 8 (9 12) Subject Areas: Art and Design Education, Engish Language Arts, Socia Studies (History) Setting: Cassroom or activity room Time: Preparation: 30 minutes Activity: 50 minutes Vocabuary: Active soar heat gain, Passive soar heat gain, Renewabe energy, Soar concentrator, Soar engine, Soar or Photovotaic ce See the Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards for tites and definitions of renewabe energy technoogies used in this activity. Major Concept Areas: Theme II Deveopment of renewabe energy resources Soar energy Theme III Quaity of ife Cutura Standards Addressed: Wisconsin Mode Academic: ADE: B.8.1, B.8.2 SS: A.8.8, A.8.10, B.8.8, D.8.11, E.8.9, E.8.10 Common Core ELA: L.6-8.6, SL.6-8.3, SL.6-8.4, SL.6.1, WHST KEEP Objectives Students wi be abe to recognize that soar energy has a ong history of human use; and provide exampes of soar energy use throughout history. Rationae By exporing historica events, students deveop an accurate conception of how renewabe energy use, particuary soar energy, has evoved. Materias ft. piece of rope Cothespins or papercips (22 per set of cards) Tape 3" 5" index cards Copies of Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards (see Getting Ready) Art suppies: markers, pens, paints, etc. Large sheets of bank paper (for muras) Getting Ready Photocopy and cut the Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards into individua cards. Make them more durabe by attaching them to 3 5 cards and aminating them. Background If we modern Americans, who spend an average of 80 percent of our time indoors, wish to exist in harmony with our environment, we must do by choice what our ancestors did out of necessity design with the cimate and with a sense of pace. Diana Lopez Barnett Renewabe energy. This phrase is often used as an indication of new technoogy: harnessing the wind, sun, water, underground steam, and wood resources in a sustainabe manner for eectric and non-eectric work. Yet, renewabe energy use is not new. In fact, it is the odest form of energy. Humans throughout the ages have utiized renewabe energy to maintain daiy ife. For instance, we have used biomass for cooking, wind for saiing, and the sun for warmth. Through historica documents and artifacts, we can see that humans have been utiizing soar energy for a ong time. For exampe, ancient Greeks oriented their homes for passive soar gain because it was practica and usefu. In Xenophon s Memorabiia, written 2,400 years ago, Socrates observed: Now in houses with a south aspect, the sun s rays penetrate into the porticos in winter, but in the summer, the path of the sun is right over our heads and above the roof, so that there is shade. If then this is the best arrangement, we shoud buid the south side oftier to get the winter sun and the north side ower to keep out the winter winds. To put it shorty, the house in which the owner can find a peasant retreat at a seasons and can store his beongings safey is presumaby at once the peasantest and the most beautifu. Past use of soar energy: Anasazi ciff dweings demonstrate passive soar design. Current use of soar energy: Photovotaics 1 Wisconsin K-12 Energy Education Program (KEEP) - Wisconsin Center for Environmenta Education - University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

2 See Soar Energy Answer Key for an overview of human use of the sunight since 400 B.C. Modern humans, whether homeowners, scientists, or others, benefit daiy from the use and deveopment of soar energy technoogy. Procedure Orientation Ask students if renewabe energy is a new type of resource or an od one? Is there a shortage of renewabe energy resources? Ask them if it is a common resource and if so, why is it not a mainstream resource in America? Hang a piece of rope across the room. Expain that the rope represents a timeine. Labe one end as the Beginning of human history, and the other end, Today. Expain that today they are going to focus on soar energy. Ask the cass to ist ways soar energy is used. Write four or five of the items they isted on 3" 5" cards. Ask students where they think each card shoud be paced on the timeine based on when humans first started using the soar energy resource isted. Steps 1. Divide students into groups of two or three and provide each group with severa Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards. 2. Ask each group to pace their cards on the timeine according to when humans first started using the soar energy resource isted. Encourage students to discuss their choices and rearrange the cards unti they beieve a the cards ine up correcty. 3. Share the correct chronoogy of renewabe energy use (see Soar Energy Answer Key. NOTE: Numbers correspond between the answer key and Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards). Discuss differences in what they guessed and the actua dates. Aow students to rearrange a cards. Cosure Have students revisit the pacement of the items they originay isted on 3" 5" cards (see Orientation). Compare students initia thoughts on renewabe energy with the soar timeine. Ask students if they are surprised by the rich history of soar energy and soar technoogy deveopment. Work with students to arrange the cards correcty and share further information about each card, where appropriate. Assessment Formative Did students recognize that soar energy has a ong history of use by humans? Were students abe to expain exampes of soar energy use through time? Summative Have students write a paragraph about the use of soar energy throughout time. Seeing the history, what do they anticipate wi happen in the near and distant future? Have them write a second paragraph defining their predictions for soar energy. Extensions Lay arge sheets of bank paper beow the competed timeine. Have students choose a section of the mura to iustrate. Instruct students to incorporate their soar facts with other historica images (art, cuture, ifestye, reigion, etc. within the date/ocation, if given). Combine iustrations into a cass mura. Have students research other historica facts and events that occurred around the same time as a particuar soar energy activity. Have students conduct the same activity as above with geotherma, wind, biomass, or hydropower historica facts. These can be found on the KEEP website. Use Source of Symboism and Inspiration to have students view exampes of how soar energy has been honored and used throughout history. Have students find their own exampes of symboism and inspiration. 2 Doabe Renewabes theme II: deveoping energy resources Over the Year ears Fina Connection Use this activity to provide a basis for thinking how humans have used renewabe energy throughout history. Then, chaenge students to incorporate what they have earned into a cumuative project, such as Sustainabe Communities or Green Home Design.

3 Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards First soar hot box is invented 1 Soar engine is patented 12 Soar water heater is patented 6 Over 60,000 soar water heaters in pace in America 10 Predecessor of today s soar coector is invented 18 Soar water heaters fourish unti natura gas and eectric heaters become inexpensive and readiy avaiabe 2 Soar Homes become possibe as more buidings are designed with consideration for active and passive soar gain 14 First home with integrated photovotaic system, passive soar, and other green features is competed 11 The soar ce is deveoped 9 Oi embargo spurs interest in photovotaics 17 Homes are designed for passive soar heat gain in winter and to bock the hot summer sun 16 Soar energy industry is aunched by scientists deveoping soar engines to power steam generators for ships 19 3

4 Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards Refective surfaces are shaped as a paraboa to ight fires 3 Light is converted directy into eectric current 7 First soar concentrator project is proposed for industria use 21 Roof-mounted soar water heaters are produced in Caifornia 8 Photovotaic ces are used to power U.S. space sateites 13 Soar powered, 2-way radios provide coast-to-coast conversations 5 More than 20 U.S. companies start producing fat pate soar coectors 4 Second oi embargo strengthens soar industry; soar panes are instaed on the White House 15 First soar ce power pant is dedicated in Utah 20 Cost of soar ces are about $77 per watt 22 Soar panes are removed from the White House 28 20% efficient soar ces are deveoped; cost of soar ces are about $6.50 per watt 30 4 Doabe Renewabes theme II: deveoping energy resources Over the Years

5 Soar Energy Timeine Student Cards 40% efficient soar ces are deveoped 33 Big Box home improvement stores se residentia soar power systems 35 9 kw of soar power is instaed on the White House 29 A 30% tax credit is made avaiabe for soar instaations 23 A word record in soar ce efficiency is set (40.8%) 27 Cost of soar ces are about $1.50 per watt 32 Soar eectric power instaations grow at a rate of 60% per year 34 In a five-year span, the number of jobs in the soar industry doube 26 Juno reaches Jupiter s orbit and is the most distant soar powered system 31 Nationa Energy Act is signed, reguated feed-in of soar to the eectric grid 24 First soar-powered cacuators are used 25 First soar-powered fight around the word 36 5

6 Soar Energy Answer Key 400 B.C.E.: Socrates promotes passive soar design for comfortabe iving. Ancient Greeks use the sun s position in the sky to heat their homes in winter and keep them coo in summer. The open front of a Greek house faces south. Winter sunshine fis the house and warms the air inside, the earth foor, and thick was. At night, the warm foor and was continue to radiate heat and keep the temperature comfortabe. The Greeks buid porticos, or covered porches, over the front of their houses. The roof of the portico bocks the rays of the summer sun. The house stays coo inside B.C.E: A Greek mathematician shows that a refective surface shaped ike a paraboa can concentrate sunight to a point. Ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese use these eary soar concentrators to ight fires incuding spiritua fires s: Leonardo da Vinci proposes the first industria appications of soar concentrators : Swiss scientist Horace de Saussure invents the word s first soar coector, or soar hot box : French scientist Edmund Becquere first observes the photovotaic effect. Becquere experimented with two identica eectrodes in a conducting soution, converting ight directy into eectrica current. 1861: French scientist Augustin Mouchot patents a soar engine, the first machine which produced eectricity from the sun by evaporating steam which propeed a sma engine. 1880s: American engineer John Ericsson aunches the soar energy industry in the U.S. Ericsson deveops severa soar-driven engines to power steam generators for ships : Father of soar energy in the U.S., Carence Kemp, patents first soar water heater s: First commerciay avaiabe (roof-mounted) soar water heaters are produced in southern Caifornia : Wiiam J. Baiey of the Carnegie Stee Company invents soar coectors that became predecessors of today s soar coectors s: South Forida deveops as a significant market for soar water heaters (thermosiphon design). Severa companies service a market of about 50,000 homes. The industry virtuay expires in the 1950s, unabe to compete against cheap and readiy avaiabe natura gas and eectric service : Over 60,000 soar water heaters in pace in America s: Soar Homes become popuar. More buiders consider active and passive soar housing design : Be Teephone researches the sensitivity of a propery prepared siicon wafer to sunight. The soar ce is deveoped. Initia soar ces were about 4% efficient at converting sunight to eectricity and ater became 11% efficient s: Photovotaic ces are used to power U.S. space sateites : First soar powered, 2-way radio, coast-to-coast conversation takes pace between the U.S. Army Signa Corps in New Jersey and Caifornia : Spurred by the first oi embargo, interest in terrestria appications of photovotaics bossoms : More than 20 companies start production of fat pate soar coectors in the U.S : The cost of soar ces are about $77/watt : Under President Jimmy Carter, the Nationa Energy Act (NEA) is signed, which reguates renewabe energy producers feed-in to the eectric grid : The first soar-powered cacuators are used : Second oi embargo strengthens soar industry. Soar panes are instaed on the White House under President Jimmy Carter Doabe Renewabes theme II: deveoping energy resources Over the Year ears

7 Soar Energy Answer Key (continued) 1980: First soar ce power pant dedicated at Natura Bridges Nationa Monument, Utah : Carise residence, featuring the first buiding-integrated photovotaic system, passive soar heating and cooing, superinsuation, interna therma mass, earth shetering, dayighting, a roof-integrated soar therma system, and a 7.5 kiowatt-peak (kwp) photovotaic array of poycrystaine modues is competed : President Reagan has soar panes removed from the White House. They were on the White House for three years : 20% efficient soar ces are deveoped by the University of New South Waes. The cost of soar ces are about $6.50/watt : Soar PV ces reach the potentia for 40% efficiency, deveoped by the U.S. Nationa Renewabe Energy Lab : Big box home improvement stores begin seing residentia soar power systems in Caifornia. A year ater, soar eectric systems are sod in big box stores nationwide. 2003: President George Bush has 9 kw of soar panes instaed on the White House, as we as a soar therma system. Additiona soar power was added again in 2010 under President Barack Obama : The Energy Poicy Act creates a 30% investment tax credit for commercia and residentia renewabe energy systems, incuding soar : A new word record in soar eectric efficiency is set when the U.S. Nationa Renewabe Energy Lab converts 40.8% of the sun s ight into eectricity using soar photovotaic technoogy : The cost of soar ces fas to $1.50/watt : Soar eectric power instaations grow at a rate of 60% per year : 209,000 American jobs are with soar industries, which is more than doube the soar jobs of The soar industry is expected to provide 420,000 jobs by : Juno, a spacecraft aunched in 2011, reaches Jupiter s orbit. This research station is the most distant competey soar-powered system known to humanity : Soar Impuse 2, powered by more than 17,000 soar ces on its wings, is the first soar-powered pane to tour the gobe. 36 7