The E 3i village concept The SPU with renewable energy technology back up Solar energy conversion for thermal process

Transcription

1 Lecture 1. December Kamaruddin Abdullah Laboratory of Solar Conversion Technology Faculty of Engineering Darma Persada University 02/06/2008 Kamaruddin A/ Course Objective y Course Objectives: y After attending the course, the participant will y have a better understanding on the concept of the E3i village using Small Processing Units (SPUs) as one of key element in establishing an E3i village y have informations on the type of technology package utilizing Renewable Energy Sources suitable in initiating a Small Processing Unit (SPU) 02/06/2008 Kamaruddin A/2007 2

2 Topics covered Topics of lecture: The E 3i village concept The SPU with renewable energy technology back up Solar energy conversion for thermal process Solar drying systems Solar cooling for fruits and vegetables storage Economic benefit of the SPU Overall evaluation and lesson learnt 3 Format of lectures Each of the five topics will be presented in 30 minutes Each lectures will be provided with 30 minutes for questions and answers 4

3 Outlines (Lecture 1) Introduction Global warming and energy crisis Urbanization problems The E 3i village concept SPU to support the realization of E3i village RE technology package for SPU Installed SPUs Conclusions and recommendations 5 Introduction There is an ever increasing evidence and trend of global warming due to uncontrolled and in efficient combustion of fossil fuels Traffic jam in big cities is one of the example of inefficiency As more and more people move to the big cities, rural areas are left undeveloped and food production work will be depending on older people, while in big cities more slum areas will be created making the city becoming unconfortable place for living. 6

4 Source: INFORSE 7 Global warming trend 8

5 02/06/2008 Kamaruddin A/ /06/2008 Kamaruddin A/

6 E 3i village Concept (Kamaruddin,2007) Provides proper dwelling and in situ employment for its inhabitant (limited number of population allowed) Effective and productive uses of locally available renewable energy sources to support demand from house holds, SMEs and transportation sectors Provides basic infrastsucture for sustainable development Accelerate MDG activities Ultimately creates equality and justice in national development 11 Eco village Concept by Robert Gilman Living Together (IC#29) Copyright (c)1991, 1996 by Context Institute human scale (to know and be known in the community) Limited number of population < 5000 full featured settlement ( residence, food provision, manufacture, leisure, social life, and commerce) in which human activities are harmlessly integrated into the natural world (ideal of equality between humans and other forms of life) in a way that is supportive of healthy human development and can be successfully continued into the indefinite future. (involving a balanced and integrated development of all aspects of human life physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual) 12

7 02/06/2008 Kamaruddin A/ Clustering of E3i villages 02/06/2008 Kamaruddin A/

8 SPU SMEs SPU U turning??? E3i village Basic infrra structure,/ ecohousing 15 Eco village concepts 16

9 Rural energy demand 17 Table 1. Total energy systems for the village Primary RE sources Solar Wind Mini/Micro hydro Biomass Geothermal Marine Foosil fuels Fuel substitutio n strategy Suitable Conversion devices End uses House hold Industry Transportat ion 18

10 Energy sources Installed capacity kw 1.Micro-hydro Wind Solar a.pv:a-1.module a-2.module c.solar thermal-kwt Biomass Geothermal (steam) Investment cost US$/kW Price US$/kWh Energy for house hold Based on 1991 data of the DGEEU and the BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics) the average rural house hold of Indonesia required about 23.3 MJ / head /d ( MJ/head/y which was equivalent to 49.9 BOE/head/y) comprising of: 93% (46.4 BOE/head/y) energy for cooking 5% (2.495 BOE/head./y) with average of 5.3 kwh/head/d or kwh/head/y for lighting. 2% (0.998 BOE) for ironing. 20

11 Table 3. Energy use for cooking Country Fuel W/cap Brazil LPG 55 Brazil Wood 435 Canada Gas 70 Cameroon Wood 435 France Gas 55 West Germany Gas 30 Guatemala Propane 50 Guatemala Wood 425 India Kerosene 50 India Wood 260 Italy Gas 55 Japan Gas 25 Sweden Gas/kerosene 40 Tanzania Wood 590 USA Gas

12 Table 4. Energy use in some SMEs 23 Table 5. Energy inout to agriculture (K.Irwanto, 1986) Agriculture production Input energy Input energy 10 6 BOE (%) 10 6 BOE (%) Rice Soy bean Other food crops Rubber Estate crops Animal husbandry Forestry Fisheries Total

13 SPU and E 3i village SPU ( Small Processing Unit) can be used as source of income and place of employment for the villagers SPU is one kind of SME which uses locally developed technology and available renewable energy sources to process local agro and marine products into high quality forms and have market value The size of SPU should be managable by local entrepreneurs and technicians after proper training As SPU developed into SMEs more capital become available in the village and to be used for investment in basic E 3i village infrastructures 25 RD/D activities to support the E 3i village Hybrid GHE Solar biomass wind drying systems Hybrid nocturnal cooling tower adsorption cooling systems for preservation of fruits and vegetables CHP using biomass wastes as centralized renewable energy supply Combined thermoelectric and compressive cooling using solar PV for remote area pearl culture Biomass powered adsorption cooling machine Non catalytic production of bio diesel and bio kerosene Performance of combustion devices using bio kerosene 26

14 Table 6. Developed Technolgy No Title No Patent Status 1. Solar drying combined with wind and biomass(01) P Publication stage 6 mos. ( june 2007) 2. Solar drying unit combined with wind and biomass (02) 3. Cooling system using pure water P P Substantive review/july 2007 Substantive review /July 2007 Kamaruddin A/ /06/2008 Kamaruddin A/ /06/2008

15 Examples of already installed SPU using RE technology 29 30

16 Hybrid nocturnal cooling system Use shallow ponds with atomizers on roof top of storage house Adsorption cooling using biomass heating or compressive cooling with non CFC regrigerants as auxiliary cooling devices 31 32

17 Drying cost analysis for jerked banana spikes at Cimahi, West Java( 1 US$ = Rp 9100 as for 2005) Drying capacity: 175 packs/d ( 3465 kg/year), at 5 6 hrs/d Electricity: Rp ,2 /year for kwh/d. Biomass energy cost: Rp ( 144 gunny bags of coconut shell)/6 months Working days: 200 days/year Operators (2 persons): Rp , /year 6/2/2008 Kamaruddin A (UNSADA) / Economic benefit Total operating costs (raw materials, packaging, transportation,etc.): Rp (US$. 7180)/year Production cost: Rp 2.603,50/kg or Rp 195,26/pack. Current selling price at Rp.4000/pack (in this exercise Rp.3000/pack) Total investment needed: Rp 99, (US$ ) Pay back period: ~ 4 years ROI=16.5% NPV=Rp. 526,556,472,8 after 10 years of operation 6/2/2008 Kamaruddin A (UNSADA) /

18 Table 7.Cash flow of Barrak Cooperative, Cimahi, West Java Year Revenue (Rp) Operating cost (Rp) interest rates,16%/ann income Rp. Cumulative (Rp) , , , , , , , , , , , , ,8 6/2/2008 Kamaruddin A (UNSADA) / MoEMR S ENERGY SELF SUFFICIENT VILLAGE PROGRAMS The definition: village with 60% self sufficiency in energy supply The program: Year 2007: 200 villages (100 bio diesels/bioethanol, 100 other renewable energy) Year 2008:500 villages (250 bio diesels/bioethanol, 250 other renewable energy) Year 2009: 1000 villages (500 bio diesels/bioethanol, 500 other renewable energy) 36

19 Sources of funds to disseminate SPU technology and the E 3i village Central and local government Private industries The NGOs Bilateral cooperation with other countries International donor agencies 37 38

20 Conclusions and recommendations The E 3i village supported by the installing SPUs using renewable energy can be established in the Indonesian villages or in villages of other developing countries Starting 2007, the government has launched 200 energy self sufficient village program throughout the country. This number will more than double in 2008 and increased to 1000 in energy self sufficient village will be established throughout the country. This program will provide positive impact in accelerating the establishment of E 3i village in Indonesia 39 References Agustinah, S.E.,( 1998). Biomass demand form small scale and home industry in West Java. Proc. National Workshop on Recent Development of Biomass Development in Indonesia, Directorate General of Electric Power and New Energy and UNESCO, Jakarta, February. CREATA IPB, (2000). Establishment of small scale Product Processing Unit utilizing environmentally friendly renewable energy and local resources. Japanese ODA grassroots Project Final Report. Gilman, R, 1996, Eco villge in Living together (IC#29), Context Institute Kamaruddin A.(2007). Editor:Teknologi Berbasis Sumber Energi Terbarukan untuk Pertanian.CREATA LPPM,IPB (Renewable Energy Sources Based Technology for Agriculture),IPB Press. 40