Update of LCI Background Data Exemplified for the German Steam Coal Supply Chain

Transcription

1 Update of LCI Background Data Exemplified for the German Steam Coal Supply Chain O. Mayer-Spohn, M. Blesl, U. Fahl, A. Voß Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of Energy, University of Stuttgart 3rd International Conference on Life Cycle Management University of Zürich at Irchel 28th of August / 17

2 Outline Introduction + Background Update of LCI background data Study of the German Network on Life Cycle Inventory Data Methodology Parametrised LCA Modelling of German steam coal import in parametrised LCA Results Specific emissions in annual time series Global warming potential in annual time series Discussion and Outlook Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

3 Background: Study of the German Network on Life Cycle Inventory Data Pilot Study: Guideline on the development of LCI data for the German electricity mix: For high data quality, only scientifically approved data sources have been used for the data survey Predominantly, data have been taken from sources, which are published at regular intervals and with revised figures possibility for updates Within the scope of this study also LCI data on the German steam coal supply have been generated Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

4 Introduction: Update of LCI Background Data LCI background data = LCI data on the supply of materials, energy carriers, LCI data on basic services (e.g. electricity generation) Quality of LCA studies depends on the availability and the quality of the data used (this also refers to LCI background data) Update of LCI background data constitutes not negligible effort and is only worthwhile, when there are relevant changes in the supply chain This study highlights the changes in LCI results over a decade at example of the German steam coal supply chain and presents a methodology for a standardised update of LCI background data Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

5 Methodology: Parametrised Life Cycle Assessment Parameters and fundamental coherences on material and energy flows are integrated in the process chain analysis by the use of formulas Change of the numerical values behind the parameters result in an automated recalculation of the LCI results f 1 (a) f 5 (h) f 2 (b,c,d) Product [functional unit] f 3 (a,e) f 6 f 4 (b,f,g) a,b,c,d, Parameters Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

6 Transportion of hard coal Source: BGR Rohwirtschaftliche Länderstudien. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe; Hannover 2003 Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

7 Modelling: German Steam coal supply chain This study investigates the steam coal supply, which is that part of the hard coal supply which is used for power generation (coking coal, coke, and anthracite are not considered) The process chain analysis is oriented at the structure of the hard coal supply chain in ecoinvent, however transportation and energy use along the supply chain have been calculated independently Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

8 Modelling: Simplified process flow diagram of the German steam coal supply chain Hard coal mining and processing, Germany Transportation Steam coal at regional storage, Germany Transportation to a typical German power plant site Hard coal mining and processing, country A Hard coal mining and processing, country B Import steam coal at regional storage, country A Steam coal at regional storage, country B 1 TJ of German steam coal Parameters in the study are the amount of steam coal imported from the respective countries A, B, Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

9 Modelling: Transport distances for the German steam coal import Producing country Transport distance transoceanic freight ship Transport distance freight train Transport distance barge [km] [km] [km] Germany South Africa Poland and Czech Republic Russia and CIS Columbia and Venezuela Norway Australia Indonesia USA and Canada China Parameters in the study are the above listed transport distances for the respective countries and transport means Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

10 Modelling: Time series of German steam coal imports Origin and composition of the German steam coal supply in 1000 tons of steam coal Domestic steam coal Hard coal import European Union Poland EU EU Czech Republic EU EU Russia and CIS Norway USA Canada Columbia South Africa Australia China Indonesia Venezuela Other countries Sum hard coal import Thereof steam coal import Sum domestic and imported steam coal Source: German Coal Importer Federation German steam coal demand: 50 Mt (1990) 53 Mt (2005) Sum of steam coal imports: 6 Mt (1990) 28,5 Mt (2005) Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

11 Results: Specific CO 2 -emissions in annual time series 5,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 CO2-emissions [kg] / steam coal [TJ] 0, Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

12 Results: Specific emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and carbon monoxide (CO) 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 NOx SO2 CO NOx, SO2, CO emissions [g] / steam coal [TJ] Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

13 Results: Specific CH 4 -emissions in annual time series 0,45 0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 methane emissions [kg] / steam coal [TJ] 0, Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

14 Results: Contribution to Global Warming Potential 14,00 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 CO2-equivalents [kg] / steam coal [TJ] 0, Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

15 Discussion and Conclusions Considerable change of LCI data within 15 years. Specific emissions: - SO 2 -emissions: + 140% NO x -emissions: + 154% - CO 2 -emissions: + 64% from 2.8 to 4.6 kg CO 2 / TJ steam coal --> referred to electricity generation (45% efficiency): increase from 22,4 to 36,8 g CO 2 / kwh el - Decrease in specific CH 4 -emissions by 26% - Global Warming Potential remains approximately constant (-5%) This highlights the need of a regular update of LCI background data Parametrised Life Cycle Assessment enables to regularly update LCI data at low effort: (parameters have to be revised by substitution with figures of updated reports) Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

16 Outlook Phase out of German hard coal mining by 2018 German steam coal imports will further increase (even if German steam coal demand remains constant) Further increase of specific CO 2 -, NO x - and SO 2 -emissions of the German steam coal supply, further decrease in specific methaneemissions Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17

17 Thank you for your attention! Oliver Mayer-Spohn Environmental Burden Linked to CCS 14. September / 17