INTRODUCTION TO WATER AUDITS AND LOSS CONTROL PROGRAMS WAYNE MORGAN, P.E., MBA PROJECT MANAGER THRASHER JUNE 2017 TRAINING

Transcription

1 INTRODUCTION TO WATER AUDITS AND LOSS CONTROL PROGRAMS WAYNE MORGAN, PE, MBA PROJECT MANAGER THRASHER JUNE 2017 TRAINING

2 2 Quote for this Water Loss Control Discussion Wayne Gretzky Quote I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been

3 3 Where is the puck going to be in water loss reporting

4 4 Update to map regulatory water loss reporting In 2015 California enacted legislation which requires water loss reporting employing AWWA Water Audit Methodology similar to Georgia In 2016 Indiana and Hawaii passed legislation employing the AWWA Water Audit Methodology Colorado has legislation pending that will employ the AWWA Water Audit Methodology

5 5 Rating Services The 2016 Standard & Poor s Rating Services issued updated rating methodology in its report US Public Finance Waterworks, Sanitary Sewer, and Drainage Utility Systems: Rating Methodology and Assumptions The report notes that water audits based on industry-accepted performance standards must be compiled on a regular basis to receive a good or strong rating under the Operational Management Assessment

6 6 Rating Services The value of progressive water loss control is being recognized by the bond rating agencies in the financial market This revised rating methodology clearly indicates that water loss control is a factor in determining the appropriate rating to be assigned for a pending debt issue needed to finance infrastructure improvements Thus, better management of NRW can help to achieve better financial ratings and lower financing costs Drinking water utilities now have outstanding means to audit their supplies, quantify and value their losses, and devise effective programs to economically control losses

7 7 Agenda The Importance of Water Audits and Loss Control 1 Water Resource Management, by limiting unnecessary or wasteful source water withdrawals 2 Financially, by optimizing revenue recovery and promoting equity among ratepayers 3 Operationally, by minimizing distribution system disruptions, optimizing supply efficiency, and generating reliable performance data 4 System integrity, by reduction of potential for contamination Benefits of water auditing and loss control include Reduced apparent losses Reduced real losses Improved data integrity Better use of available water resources Increased knowledge of the distribution system Increased knowledge of the customer metering and billing systems Safeguarding of public health and property Improved public relations Reduced liability Reduced disruption to customers Favorable reviews from the financial community In as little as several hours, readily available data can be accessed and input into the standard water audit format, revealing preliminary loss control standing and cost impacts The most important step is to just get started

8 8 Compiling the Annual IWA/AWWA Water Audit Focus of this Presentation The AWWA Free Water Audit Software Data collection Data gradings Data Validation AWWA Compiler Software AWWA North American Validated Dataset Regions requiring water audit data collection for large numbers of water utilities Texas - Texas Water Development Board (2005) TWDB-specific form; similar to AWWA Free Water Audit Software Georgia - Under the Water Stewardship Act (2012); initial data is being analyzed Delaware River Basin Commission & PA PUC California Conservation Council adopted best management practices for water loss control These efforts offer a frame of reference and opportunity for learning further about the water audit data collection process

9 9 State of Texas First state to legislate requirement for utility water audits House Bill 3338 (2003) required water audits from water utilities for 2005 operations Texas Water Development Board selected IWA/AWWA Water Audit Method Over 2,000 water audits collected in 2006 Findings confirmed that many water utilities hadn t previously tracked water efficiency data Report on evaluation of 2005 data can be found at:

10 10 State of Georgia Decades long struggle for use of water from Lake Lanier; 2009 court ruling went against the City of Atlanta s continued level of withdrawals for water supply Landmark Water Stewardship Bill passed March 18, 2010: requires IWA/AWWA water audit by all water utilities by 2013 Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District: part of Atlanta Regional Commission; oversees +60 water utilities in multi-county Atlanta area Requires water utilities to submit water audits via AWWA Free Water Audit Software Software training workshops held wwwnorthgeorgiawatercom/files/wswc_section8pdf wwwlegisgagov/legis/2009_2010/pdf/sb370pdf

11 11 Delaware River Basin Commission Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission DRBC revised its Water Code in March 2009 to incorporate the IWA/AWWA Water Audit Method and AWWA Free Water Audit Software Collecting water audits initially on a volunteer basis - mandatory by 2012 PA PUC launched pilot water audit program in 2010 with five companies employing AWWA Free Water Audit Software : Pennsylvania-American Water Aqua Pennsylvania United Water York Water Company Superior Water Company The two agencies are sharing resources in launching the water audit programs

12 12 California California Urban Water Conservation Council Consortium of about 300 water utilities that agree to implement best management practices for water conservation Revised BMP 12 for Water Loss Control effective 2009 Will utilize AWWA Free Water Audit Software wwwcuwccorg/mou/bmp1-utilityoperations-programsaspx This is the most ambitious Water Audit and Loss Control Program authorized to date in the US Five Year Validation Phase: advance utilities to Level IV data validity Years 5-6: conduct component analysis, select performance indicator for leakage control & set target level Final four years: must meet level for leakage control by year 10 (2019)

13 IWA/AWWA Water Audit Method: Water Balance Own Sources Water Imported Total Total System System Input Input (allow ( allow for for known known errors) errors ) Water Exported Water Supplied Authorized Authorized Consumption Consumption Water Water Losses Losses Billed Authorized Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption Apparent Losses Revenue Water Non- Revenue Water Billed Water Exported Billed Metered Consumption Billed Unmetered Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Unauthorized Consumption Customer Metering Inaccuracies Systematic Data Handling Error Leakage on Mains Real Losses Leakage on Service Lines 13 Leakage & Overflows at Storage

14 Best Practice Tools for Water Loss Control AWWA M36 Publication Water Audits and Loss Control Programs (2009), 3 rd Edition features the IWA/AWWA Water Audit Methodology AWWA Water Loss Control Committee s Free Water Audit Software Current version is 42 in English and French languages Includes data grading capability Companion Compiler Software Water Research Foundation Reports Project 4372: Leakage Component Analysis is currently being executed Textbooks wwwawwacom - type water loss control in search box; select first item in list AWWA WLCC Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet Click to access definition Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department Reporting Year: 2004 ALL VOLUMES TO BE ENTERED AS ANNUAL QUANTITIES WATER SUPPLIED Volume from own sources: M 95,5260 million gallons (US) per year Master meter error adjustment: M 6954 under-registered million gallons (US) per year Water Imported: M 00 million gallons (US) per year Water Exported: M 7,2102 million gallons (US) per year WATER SUPPLIED: 89,0112 million gallons (US) per year AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Billed metered: M 57,5352 million gallons (US) per year Billed unmetered: M 00 million gallons (US) per year Unbilled metered: M 1793 million gallons (US) per year Unbilled unmetered: E 6936 million gallons (US) per year AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 58,4081 million gallons (US) per year WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 30,6031 million gallons (US) per year Apparent Losses Unauthorized consumption: E 1,1452 million gallons (US) per year Customer metering inaccuracies: E 1625 million gallons (US) per year Data handling errors: E 2,7512 million gallons (US) per year Apparent Losses: 4,0589 million gallons (US) per year Real Losses Real Losses (Water Losses - Apparent Losses): 26,5442 million gallons (US) per year WATER LOSSES: 30,6031 million gallons (US) per year NON_REVENUE WATER NON-REVENUE WATER: 31,4760 million gallons (US) per year SYSTEM DATA Length of mains: M 3,1600 miles Number of active AND inactive service connections: M 548,289 Connection density: 174 conn/mile main Average length of private pipe: E 120 ft (pipe length between curbstop and customer meter or property Average operating pressure: E 550 psi COST DATA Total annual cost of operating water system: M $167,604,000 $/Year Customer retail unit cost (applied to apparent losses): M $395 Variable production cost (applied to real losses): M $13358 $/million gallons (US) DATA REVIEW - Please review the following information and make changes above if necessary: - Input values should be indicated as either measured or estimated You have entered: 12 as measured values 6 as estimated values 0 without specifying measured or estimated - It is important to accurately measure the master meter - you have entered the measurement type as: measured - Cost Data: No problems identified PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Financial Indicators Operational Efficiency Indicators Non-revenue water as percent by volume: 354% Non-revenue water as percent by cost: 117% Annual cost of Apparent losses: $16,012,518 Annual cost of Real Losses: $3,545,768 Apparent losses per service connection per day: Real losses per service connection per day*: Real losses per length of main per day*: Real losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]: * only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated $/1000 gallons (US) N/A 2028 gallons/connection/day gallons/connection/day 241 gallons/connection/day/psi 598 million gallons/day 1217 Back to Instructions Please enter data in the white cells below Where possible, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value Indicate this by selecting a choice from the gray box to the left, where M = measured (or accurately known value) and E = estimated Copyright 2006, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved

15 15 AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet Reporting Worksheet Click to access definition Copyright 2009, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department Reporting Year: /2007-6/2008 WAS v40 Back to Instructions Please enter data in the white cells below Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR WATER SUPPLIED AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION << Enter grading in column 'E' Volume from own sources: 7 94, Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr) Master meter error adjustment: 10 2, over-registered MG/Yr Water imported: n/a MG/Yr Water exported: 10 7, MG/Yr WATER SUPPLIED: 84, MG/Yr Click here: Billed metered: 7 57, MG/Yr for help using option Billed unmetered: n/a MG/Yr buttons below Unbilled metered: n/a MG/Yr Pcnt: Value: Unbilled unmetered: MG/Yr 125% AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 58, MG/Yr WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 26, MG/Yr Use buttons to select percentage of water supplied OR value Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value: Unauthorized consumption: 8 2, MG/Yr 025% 2, Customer metering inaccuracies: MG/Yr Systematic data handling errors: 5 4, MG/Yr Apparent Losses: 6, MG/Yr Real Losses Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 19, MG/Yr WATER LOSSES: 26, MG/Yr NON-REVENUE WATER NON-REVENUE WATER: 27, MG/Yr = Total Water Loss + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered Choose this option to enter a percentage of billed metered consumption This is NOT a default value

16 SYSTEM DATA Length of mains: 9 3,1370 miles Number of active AND inactive service connections: 7 547,932 Connection density: 175 conn/mile main Average length of customer service line: ft (pipe length between curbstop and customer meter or property boundary) Average operating pressure: psi COST DATA Total annual cost of operating water system: 10 $219,182,339 $/Year Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 9 $497 $/1000 gallons (US) Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 9 $21550 $/Million gallons PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Financial Indicators Operational Efficiency Indicators Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 324% Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 178% Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $34,546,470 Annual cost of Real Losses: $4,245,264 Apparent Losses per service connection per day: 3476 gallons/connection/day Real Losses per service connection per day*: Real Losses per length of main per day*: Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: 9850 gallons/connection/day N/A 179 gallons/connection/day/psi Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): 2,17815 million gallons/year Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]: 904 * only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE: *** YOUR SCORE IS: 82 out of 100 *** A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION: 16 Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components: 1: Volume from own sources 2: Billed metered For more information, click here to see the Grading Matrix worksheet 3: Systematic data handling errors

17 17 Grading Volume from own Sources quantity WATER SUPPLIED << Enter grading in column 'E' Volume from own sources: 7 94, Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr) Master meter error adjustment (enter positive value): 10 2, over-registered Water imported: n/a 0000 MG/Yr Water exported: 10 7, MG/Yr WATER SUPPLIED: 84, MG/Yr Data Grading Criteria for Volume from own Sources

18 18 Grading Master Meter Error Adjustment quantity WATER SUPPLIED << Enter grading in column 'E' Volume from own sources: 7 94, Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr) Master meter error adjustment (enter positive value): 10 2, over-registered Water imported: n/a 0000 MG/Yr Water exported: 10 7, MG/Yr WATER SUPPLIED: 84, MG/Yr Data Grading Criteria for Master Meter Error Adjustment

19 The Grading Matrix grading data and seeking improved data validity n/a Volume from ow n sources: Select this grading only if the w ater utility purchases/imports all of its w ater resources (ie has no sources of its ow n) Less than 25% of w ater production sources are metered, remaining sources are estimated No regular meter accuracy testing 25% - 50% of w ater production sources are metered; other sources estimated No regular meter accuracy testing Conditions betw een 2 and 4 50% - 75% of w ater production sources are metered, other sources estimated Occasional meter accuracy testing Conditions betw een 4 and 6 At least 75% of w ater production sources are metered, or at least 90% of the source flow is derived from metered sources Meter accuracy testing and/or electronic calibration conducted annually Less than 25% of tested meters are found outside of +/- 6% accuracy Conditions betw een 6 and 8 100% of w ater supply sources are metered, meter accuracy testing and electronic calibration conducted annually, less than 10% of meters are found outside of +/- 6% accuracy Conditions betw een 8 and % of w ater production sources are metered, meter accuracy testing and electronic calibration conducted semiannually, w ith less than 10% found outside of +/- 3% accuracy Improvements to attain higher data grading for "Volume from ow n Sources" component: to qualify for 2: Organize efforts to begin to collect data for determining volume from ow n sources to qualify for 4: Locate all w ater production sources on maps and in field, launch meter accuracy testing for existing meters, begin to install meters on unmetered w ater production sources and replace any obsolete/defective meters to qualify for 6: Formalize annual meter accuracy testing for all source meters Complete installation of meters on unmetered w ater production sources and complete replacement of all obsolete/defective meters to qualify for 8: Conduct annual meter accuracy testing on all meters Complete project to install new, or replace defective existing, meters so that entire production meter population is metered Repair or replace meters outside of +/- 6% accuracy to qualify for 10: Maintain annual meter accuracy testing for all meters Repair or replace meters outside of +/- 6% accuracy Investigate new meter technology; pilot one or more replacements w ith innovative meters in attempt to improve meter accuracy to maintain 10: Standardize meter accuracy test frequency to semiannual, or more frequent, for all meters Repair or replace meters outside of +/- 3% 19

20 AWWA Free Water Audit Software Grading Matrix Guidance on Use of Water Audit Data 20 Functional Focus Area Audit Data Collection Short-term loss control Long-term loss control Launch auditing and loss control team; address production metering deficiencies Research information on leak detection programs Begin flowcharting analysis of customer billing system Water Loss Control Planning Guide Water Audit Data Validity Level / Score Level I (0-25) Level II (26-50) Level III (51-70) Level IV (71-90) Level V (91-100) Analyze business process for customer metering and billing functions and water supply operations Identify data gaps Conduct loss assessment investigations on a sample portion of the system: customer meter testing, leak survey, unauthorized consumption, etc Begin to assess long-term needs requiring large expenditure: customer meter replacement, water main replacement program, new customer billing system or Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) system Establish/revise policies and procedures for data collection Establish ongoing mechanisms for customer meter accuracy testing, active leakage control and infrastructure monitoring Begin to assemble economic business case for long-term needs based upon improved data becoming available through the water audit process Refine data collection practices and establish as routine business process Refine, enhance or expand ongoing programs based upon economic justification Conduct detailed planning, budgeting and launch of comprehensive improvements for metering, billing or infrastructure management Annual water audit is a reliable gauge of year-to-year water efficiency standing Stay abreast of improvements in metering, meter reading, billing, leakage management and infrastructure rehabilitation Continue incremental improvements in short-term and long-term loss control interventions Target-setting Establish long-term apparent and real loss reduction goals (+10 year horizon) Establish mid-range (5 year horizon) apparent and real loss reduction goals Evaluate and refine loss control goals on a yearly basis Benchmarking Preliminary Comparisons - can begin to rely upon the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) for performance comparisons for real losses (see below table) Performance Benchmarking - ILI is meaningful in comparing real loss standing For validity scores of 50 or below, the shaded blocks should not be focus areas until better data validity is achieved Identify Best Practices/ Best in class - the ILI is very reliable as a real loss performance indicator for best in class service

21 21 Water Audit Keys to Reliable Data Collection Steps to set procedures for reliable water audit data collection Set reliable inhouse procedures Watch for flagged data in the AWWA Free Water Audit Software Built-in checks in the software help alert the auditor to data issues Water audit components to watch: Production Metering Volume from Own Sources and Water Imported quantities Exported water quantity Unbilled authorized consumption Systematic Data Handling Error Length of Private Pipe Annual Cost of Operating the Water System Be objective in grading all components refer to the grading matrix criteria

22 Data Collection Setting Reliable Inhouse Data Collection Procedures 22 When launching the auditing process, it is important to bring together the utility staff most familiar with: Production Metering Customer Metering Customer Billing Distribution System operations & leak detection Mapping/Geographical Information Systems Hydraulic Modeling (if available) Strive to have the knowledgeable people participating- the water audit is not an administrative task (Don t assign water audit data collection to the secretary)

23 Data Collection Integrity Avoid Reporting Bad Data 23 Software features flags for bad data It s impossible for a utility to bill more water than they supply If this occurs, the software gives a red flag to alert the auditor to recheck the data inputs Unfortunately, some utilities are submitting water audits with such flagged data AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet Click to access definition WATER SUPPLIED Water Audit Report for: City of Somewhere, USA Reporting Year: / /2010 All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR Volume from own sources: 7 47, Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr) Master meter error adjustment (enter positive value): under-registered MG/Yr Water imported: n/a 0000 MG/Yr Water exported: 7 8, MG/Yr AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Copyright 2010, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved Please enter data in the white cells below Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades << Enter grading in column 'E' WATER SUPPLIED: 39, MG/Yr Billed metered: 10 48, MG/Yr Billed unmetered: MG/Yr Unbilled metered: MG/Yr Pcnt: Value: Unbilled unmetered: MG/Yr 125% AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 49, MG/Yr Check input values; WATER SUPPLIED should be greater than AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) -9, MG/Yr WAS v42 Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value: Unauthorized consumption: MG/Yr 025% Back to Click here: for help using option buttons below Use buttons to select percentage of water supplied OR value 5900 Suggestion: The lead person of the water utility should sign-off on the water audit when it is submitted to the reporting agency Customer metering inaccuracies: MG/Yr Systematic data handling errors: 7 1, MG/Yr Apparent Losses: 1, Check input values; APPARENT LOSSES should be less than WATER LOSSES Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL) Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: -11, MG/Yr WATER LOSSES: -9, MG/Yr NON-REVENUE WATER NON-REVENUE WATER: -8, MG/Yr = Total Water Loss + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered Choose this option to enter a percentage of billed metered consumption This is NOT a default value

24 24 Accurately Quantifying Water Supplied This is the most important quantity in the Water Audit! It is the largest number in the Water Audit Any error in this value carries throughout the entire Water Audit Several steps exist to reliably quantify the water supplied quantity 1 Source water, imported water and exported water should always be metered a Ideally, these meters should be the continuously recording type ideally linked to a Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) System b If meters are not linked to a SCADA System, then data should be collected as frequently as possible, at least weekly c If meters are not continuously recording type, and are read infrequently, plan to upgrade the metering installation as soon as possible

25 Accurately Quantifying Water Supplied Testing Approach Volumetric Meter Test Comparative Meter Test

26 Accurately Quantifying Water Supplied 26 2 Meters should be regularly verified for accuracy a Large meters can be compared with an inline insertion or strap-on meter measuring flow downstream of the primary meter i Make certain that the temporary metering location is representative and accurate ii Strive for minimum 24-hr period if using this method iii Philadelphia Water Department conducts over 50 verifications each year in this manner b Smaller meters might be tested using field test apparatus as is conducted on large customer meters c Document/store the inaccuracy values to serve as a basis for data adjustments d Recognize that calibration of the related instrumentation (differential pressure transmitters) does not verify the flow measuring capability of the meter! Insertion pito rod measuring and recording flow

27 Accurately Quantifying Water Supplied 27 3 Meters should be recalibrated, repaired or replaced regularly to maintain reliable performance a New, current-technology meters should replace dated or defective meters b Permanently installed insertion type meters can be a less costly means of establishing or renewing reliable metering c Refer to AWWA M33 guidance manual Flowmeters in Water Supply for information on meter selection d Many dated meters exist throughout the North American water industry Magnetic Flow meter replacement on 48-inch untreated water line 2008 in Philadelphia

28 Accurately Quantifying Water Supplied 28 4 Regularly determine Master Meter Error Adjustment a Data should be reviewed at least weekly, but ideally, each business day, for trends/anomalies b Balance flows to account for storage level changes and district water transfers c Adjust for recorded inaccuracy levels of given meters d Adjustments due to data error e Adjustments due to data gaps f Aggregate master meter error is: i Added if source meter under-registration exists ii Subtracted if source meter over-registration exists 16-inch turbine meter on wholesale account being verified via inline pito rod

29 29 Know Your Production Metering Configuration PHILADELPHIA WATER DEPARTMENT QUEEN LANE WATER TREATMENT PLANT CONFIGURATION B HIGH SERVICE PUMPING FILTERS C FW STORAGE RAW WATER BASIN METERS RAW WATER PUMPING A A = Raw water pumping flow SCHUYLKILL RIVER B = Pretreatment flow GRAVITY MAIN DISTRIBUTION M ETERS C = Treated Water Flow Plant Output = Meter Rates C +/- Changes in Volume of Filtered Water Storage Basins SYSTEM LOSSES A to B: Loss in transmission mains, flume, and raw water basin leakage; typically 1% - 2% of raw water pumped B to C: Loss in treatment process; chemical application, filter backwash, typically 5% - 8% of raw water pumped A to C: Overall total = sum of A to B and B to C and metering inaccuracies; typically 7% - 10% (Note: changes in raw water basin and filtered water storage basins are included when determing loss) By monitoring the differences (A-B, B-C, A-C) on a daily basis, anomalies are detected when these relative differences begin to stray from typical trends

30 30 Adjusting for Data Gaps Production flow data should be reviewed on a frequent basis to monitor for data gaps Gaps occur due to: Unplanned interruption: lightning strike, power failure Planned interruption: instrumentation calibration Gaps in water flow data should be quantified and added back to the daily total Example of Water Pumping Data Gaps and Adjustments 8/15/2012, hrs High Service Pumping Rate, mgd actual flow High Service Pumping Rate, mgd raw recorded data High Service Pumping Rate, mgd adjusted data 0: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Total Average Difference

31 Assembling Data for the Annual Water Audit 31 Philadelphia Water Department Composite Water System Input Adjustments - Fiscal Year 2011 SCADA A history: raw data from the field SCADA B history: corrected, final data Month Number of days Original SCADA System data: unedited daily average water system input based on SCADA A history Monthly total system input volume based on original (unedited) total delivery - MG Average daily system input volume based on edited SCADA B history report- MGD* Monthly total system input volume based on edited SCADA B history report- MG Difference July' Aug' Sep' Oct' Nov' Dec' Jan' Feb' Mar' Apr' May' Jun' Sum Average *Adjustments are based upon several factors including regular master meter verification testing, mass balance comparisons of flows into and out of water treatment plants, operational histories at facilities and instrumentation history

32 WATER SUPPLIED: 84, MG/Yr 32 Data Collection Exported Water Quantity Extract the Exported Water Quantity from the Customer Billing System Don t double-count this quantity by including it additionally in Billed Authorized Consumption The Exported Water quantity is a separate item in the water audit because: It stems from one or more bulk quantity measurements It is typically billed under a different billing rate than retail customer sales All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR WATER SUPPLIED << Enter grading in column 'E' Volume from own sources: 7 94, Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr) Master meter error adjustment: 10 2, over-registered MG/Yr Water imported: n/a MG/Yr Water exported: 10 7, MG/Yr

33 Data Collection Unbilled Authorized Consumption 33 Unbilled Authorized Consumption components metered and/or unmetered consumption, eg: Street cleaning Mains flushing Fire fighting Generally small portion of the water supplied volume Don t spend lots of time on quantify this value if data is not available Instead, use the default value for Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Improve data validity over time

34 Data Collection Systematic Data Handling Error 34 Deals with the customer meter reading and billing processes This quantity is perhaps the least understood component of apparent loss Like unauthorized consumption, every water utility has some amount of systematic data handling error, even if it is a low amount Important to include at least a minimal volume here don t leave this volume at zero The software does not provide a default value for this component Detailed auditing of billing records will likely lead to sources of this error and quantification of a value

35 35 Length of Private Pipe Can be difficult to understand the concept around this parameter, however: If customer water meters are typically located in a meter pit outside of the customer premises then this value is zero

36 Data Collection Financial Data: Cost to Operate the System 36 Includes costs for drinking water operations only do not include sewer, stormwater or other costs in this quantity Typically includes power costs to treat and convey water, chemical and other costs at the water treatment plant, staff costs for drinking water only May include liability costs related to water events (ex: damage from main breaks) Don t include depreciation effects

37 Water Audit Data Collection Initiative 2011 & 2012 Effort of the AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Goal: create a dataset of validated water utility water audit data (IWA/AWWA Method) Steps: Enlist water utilities that are motivated to employ best practices Gather the water audit data via AWWA Free Water Audit Software Conduct a minute telephone interview w/ key utility personnel Post the utility data on the AWWA website as examples of best practice adopters and their data Primary Focus: Validation of data; key on data grading values AWWA WLCC Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet Click to access definition WATER SUPPLIED Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department Reporting Year: ALL VOLUMES TO BE ENTERED AS ANNUAL QUANTITIES Volume from own sources: M 95,5260 million gallons (US) per year Master meter error adjustment: M 6954 under-registered million gallons (US) per year Water Imported: M 00 million gallons (US) per year Water Exported: M 7,2102 million gallons (US) per year WATER SUPPLIED: 89,0112 million gallons (US) per year AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Billed metered: M 57,5352 million gallons (US) per year Billed unmetered: M 00 million gallons (US) per year Unbilled metered: M 1793 million gallons (US) per year Unbilled unmetered: E 6936 million gallons (US) per year AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 58,4081 million gallons (US) per year WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 30,6031 million gallons (US) per year Apparent Losses Unauthorized consumption: E 1,1452 million gallons (US) per year Customer metering inaccuracies: E 1625 million gallons (US) per year Real Losses Data handling errors: E 2,7512 million gallons (US) per year Apparent Losses: 4,0589 million gallons (US) per year Real Losses (Water Losses - Apparent Losses): 26,5442 million gallons (US) per year NON_REVENUE WATER SYSTEM DATA WATER LOSSES: 30,6031 million gallons (US) per year NON-REVENUE WATER: 31,4760 million gallons (US) per year Length of mains: M 3,1600 miles Number of active AND inactive service connections: M 548,289 Connection density: 174 conn/mile main Average length of private pipe: E 120 ft Average operating pressure: E 550 psi COST DATA Total annual cost of operating water system: M $167,604,000 $/Year Customer retail unit cost (applied to apparent losses): M $395 Variable production cost (applied to real losses): M $13358 $/million gallons (US) DATA REVIEW - Please review the following information and make changes above if necessary: - Input values should be indicated as either measured or estimated You have entered: 12 as measured values 6 as estimated values 0 without specifying measured or estimated - It is important to accurately measure the master meter - you have entered the measurement type as: measured - Cost Data: No problems identified PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Financial Indicators Operational Efficiency Indicators 2004 Non-revenue water as percent by volume: 354% Non-revenue water as percent by cost: 117% Annual cost of Apparent losses: $16,012,518 Annual cost of Real Losses: $3,545,768 Apparent losses per service connection per day: Real losses per service connection per day*: Real losses per length of main per day*: Real losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]: $/1000 gallons (US) N/A 2028 gallons/connection/day gallons/connection/day 241 gallons/connection/day/psi 598 million gallons/day 1217 Back to Instructions Please enter data in the white cells below Where possible, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value Indicate this by selecting a choice from the gray box to the left, where M = measured (or accurately known value) and E = estimated Copyright 2006, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved (pipe length between curbstop and customer meter or property * only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated

38 AWWA Free Water Audit Software - Companion Compiler Software EXCEL spreadsheet tool that allows data from multiple water audits to be compiled into one spreadsheet Date can be copied to user s EXCEL files Available for free download from AWWA website Administrative Water Supplied Authorized Consumption Water Losses Non-Revenue Water System Data Cost Data Name of City or Utility City of Asheboro Austin Water Utility City of Belmont Country USA United States USA Reporting Year FY FY Start Date 7/1/ /1/2009 7/1/2009 End Date 6/1/2009 9/1/2010 6/30/2010 Name of Contact Person Michael Rhoney Dan Strub Chuck Flowers mrhoney@ciashebdanstrub@ciaustincflowers@cityofbelm Telephone Telephone Ext Audit Data Volume Units Million gallons (US) Million gallons (US) Million gallons (US) Volume From Own Sources 1, , Master meter error adjustment Water imported Water exported WATER SUPPLIED 1, , Billed metered 1, , Billed unmetered Unbilled metered Unbilled unmetered Unbilled unmetered (1 = Default; 2 = Value) AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION 1, , WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) , Unauthorized consumption Unauthorized consumption (1 = Default; 2 = Value) Customer metering inaccuracies Systematic data handling errors Apparent Losses , Real Losses = (Water Losses - Apparent Losses) , WATER LOSSES , NON-REVENUE WATER , Length of mains 237 3, Number of active AND inactive service connections 13, ,893 4,600 Connection density Average length of customer service line Average operating pressure Total annual cost of operating water system $3,048,480 $168,249,678 $1,357,542 Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses $590 $391 $698 Customer retail unit cost (units) $/100 cubic feet (cc$/1000 gallons (US $/1000 gallons (US Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses) $51000 $34100 $33000 Financial Indicators Operational Efficiency Indicators Performance Indicators Non-revenue water as percent by volume 196% 112% 276% Non-revenue water as percent by cost 164% 32% 137% Annual cost of Apparent Losses $360,779 $3,941,194 $137,961 Annual cost of Real Losses $63,121 $1,265,579 $33,577 Apparent Losses per service connection per day Real Losses per service connection per day* Real Losses per length of main per day* N/A N/A N/A Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) , Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]

39 Water Audit Data Collection Initiative Data Collection notables: 21 water utilities (19 USA, 2 Canada) 17 systems over 10,000 connections; 4 systems under 10,000 connections Observations from the data: Validation results: ave data validity score dropped from 78 to 74 after validation Wide variation in production costs: $183/mg (KY) to $2,110/mg (TN) ave $726/mg Customer retail costs: ave $457/1,000 gals Range $111 to $838 Ave apparent losses: 15 gal/connection/day Ave real losses: 63 gal/connection/day AWWA WLCC Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet Click to access definition Copyright 2006, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department Reporting Year: 2004 Please enter data in the white cells below Where possible, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value Indicate this by selecting a choice from the gray box to the left, where M = measured (or accurately known value) and E = estimated ALL VOLUMES TO BE ENTERED AS ANNUAL QUANTITIES WATER SUPPLIED Volume from own sources: M 95,5260 million gallons (US) per year under-registered Master meter error adjustment: M 6954 million gallons (US) per year Water Imported: M 00 million gallons (US) per year Water Exported: M 7,2102 million gallons (US) per year WATER SUPPLIED: 89,0112 million gallons (US) per year AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Billed metered: M 57,5352 million gallons (US) per year Billed unmetered: M 00 million gallons (US) per year Unbilled metered: M 1793 million gallons (US) per year Unbilled unmetered: E 6936 million gallons (US) per year AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 58,4081 million gallons (US) per year WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 30,6031 million gallons (US) per year Apparent Losses Unauthorized consumption: E 1,1452 million gallons (US) per year Customer metering inaccuracies: E 1625 million gallons (US) per year Data handling errors: E 2,7512 million gallons (US) per year Apparent Losses: 4,0589 million gallons (US) per year Real Losses Real Losses (Water Losses - Apparent Losses): 26,5442 million gallons (US) per year WATER LOSSES: 30,6031 million gallons (US) per year NON_REVENUE WATER NON-REVENUE WATER: 31,4760 million gallons (US) per year SYSTEM DATA Length of mains: M 3,1600 miles Number of active AND inactive service connections: M 548,289 Connection density: 174 conn/mile main Average length of private pipe: E 120 ft (pipe length between curbstop and customer meter or property Average operating pressure: E 550 psi COST DATA Total annual cost of operating water system: M $167,604,000 $/Year Customer retail unit cost (applied to apparent losses): M $395 $/1000 gallons (US) Variable production cost (applied to real losses): M $13358 $/million gallons (US) DATA REVIEW - Please review the following information and make changes above if necessary: - Input values should be indicated as either measured or estimated You have entered: 12 as measured values 6 as estimated values 0 without specifying measured or estimated - It is important to accurately measure the master meter - you have entered the measurement type as: measured - Cost Data: No problems identified PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Financial Indicators Non-revenue water as percent by volume: 354% Non-revenue water as percent by cost: 117% Annual cost of Apparent losses: $16,012,518 Annual cost of Real Losses: $3,545,768 Operational Efficiency Indicators Apparent losses per service connection per day: 2028 gallons/connection/day Real losses per service connection per day*: Real losses per length of main per day*: Real losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): N/A gallons/connection/day 241 gallons/connection/day/psi 598 million gallons/day Back to Instructions Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]: 1217 * only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated

40 AWWA Water Audit Compiler features readily displayed graphs Apparent Losses (gal/conn/day) Validated Water Audit Data - AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Copyright 2011, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved 600 Apparent Losses per service connection per day City of Asheboro Austin Water Utility City of Belmont Birmingham Water Works Board City of Calgary Greater Cincinnati Water Works Golden State Water Compant-Clearlake Cobb County Water System DALTON UTILITIES DC Water & Sewer Authority Halifax Regional Water Commission Louisville Water Company Golden State Water Company-Ojai Orange County (FL) Utilities Department Philadelphia Water Department ylvania American Water / Pittsburgh Division City of Rio Rancho City of Wauwatosa Water Utility Washington County Service Authority City of Wilmington, Delaware Wastewater Authority of Wilson County, TN 40 Apparent (non-physical) losses in gal/service connection/day: good for performance tracking

41 AWWA Water Audit Compiler features readily displayed graphs Real Losses (gal/conn/day) Validated Water Audit Data - AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Copyright 2011, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved 1400 Real Losses per service connection per day City of Asheboro Austin Water Utility City of Belmont Birmingham Water Works Board City of Calgary Greater Cincinnati Water Works Golden State Water Compant-Clearlake Cobb County Water System DALTON UTILITIES DC Water & Sewer Authority Halifax Regional Water Commission Louisville Water Company Golden State Water Company-Ojai Orange County (FL) Utilities Department Philadelphia Water Department ylvania American Water / Pittsburgh Division City of Rio Rancho City of Wauwatosa Water Utility Washington County Service Authority City of Wilmington, Delaware Wastewater Authority of Wilson County, TN Real (leakage) losses in gal/service connection/day: good for performance tracking

42 Water Audit Data Collection Initiative 2011 This is the BEST Performance Indicator for monitoring progress within an individual water utility (Note: utilities with very low connection densities and meters located after the curb stop use this indicator in the form of gallons/mile of pipeline/day) 42

43 Summary key steps for valid data collection Standardized Water Audit Data Collection is occurring across the United States The data collection process is still relatively young but is maturing Water utilities should assign knowledgeable staff members from all functional areas to assemble the water audit The lead person of the water utility should review the water audit before it is submitted to the reporting agency Valid data is needed to accurately represent the water efficiency of the water utility and guide improvements Real Losses per service connection per day 2011 Validated Water Audit Data - AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Copyright 2011, American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved City of Asheboro Austin Water Utility City of Belmont Birmingham Water Works Board City of Calgary Greater Cincinnati Water Works Cobb County Water System Golden State Water Compant-Clearlake DALTON UTILITIES DC Water & Sewer Authority Louisville Water Company Halifax Regional Water Commission Golden State Water Company-Ojai Philadelphia Water Department Orange County (FL) Utilities Department ylvania American Water / Pittsburgh Division City of Rio Rancho City of Wauwatosa Water Utility Washington County Service Authority City of Wilmington, Delaware Wastewater Authority of Wilson County, TN

44 On to the Next Steps 44 District metering Leak Detection Surveys including stream crossings & sewer discharge monitoring Acoustical listening devices Line (mains & services) replacement program (galv, small dia, etc)

45 45 Quote for this Water Loss Control Discussion Wayne Gretzky Quote I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been