To compare the definitions of a watershed and ahupua'a

Transcription

1 7 7 7,, ljnif; W P III 7 A Watershed and an Ahupua"a -"'- -" -"",""-... " " Jennifer Hf... """'... '"' -'' ," -, - l -_ Farringtn High Schl ( HCPS III Science Standards Addressed: BS.3.1 Grade Level: 9-12 Prject Time Span: 1 Y:z Blcks T The Teacher: This lessn is designed fr teachers in the Kalihi Watershed and can be easily adapted fr schls in the Hnlulu area n the USGS Hnlulu Quadrangle. Hwever, the lessn can be mdified fr any schl island-wide if maps apprpriate t the schl's lcatin are used. It is intended t begin the develpment f a sense f place fr students by giving them a spatial sense f their lcatin in a watershed and the wrld. The ahupua'a cncept is als addressed t help students further develp the sense f cultural cnnectin t a place. Gals f the Lessn: T becme familiar with reading tpgraphic maps T examine the physical features and bundaries f a watershed T cmpare the definitins f a watershed and ahupua'a Student Learning Objectives (Benchmarks): This lessn addresses Bilgical Science benchmarks fr HCPS III Science Standard: Organisms and the Envirnment: Understand the unity, diversity, and interrelatinships f rganisms, including their relatinship t cycles f matter and energy in the envirnment Tpic: Cycles f Matter and Energy Flw SC.BS.3.1 Describe bigechemical cycles within ecsystems Resurces and Materials: Tpgraphic Maps f Hnlulu frm USGS Wet Erase pens Acetate transparency film (if maps are nt laminated) Student Wrksheet Webs PILI Prject Curriculum, Mapping Yur Watershed Lessn Image f Ahupua'a f the Kana district n O'ahu: Prperty f UH Mana - Curriculum Studies

2 Image f O'ahu watershed units: II. Instructins Prcedures: 1. Befre teaching this lessn students shuld be familiarized with reading tpgraphic maps. A simple map reading activity t lcate where they are n the map, the elevatin, the scale, and ther features like rads and bdies f water. 2. Watersheds (1-2 days) Intrductin t watersheds. Take students utside t rient themselves and view the physical features f the part f the island there are n. Lcate and name the muntain range in the back f the valley. Ntice the ridges and where they lead (up t muntain range, dwn t cean). Hand ut wrksheet and discuss the meaning f watershed. Have students hypthesize what a watershed is and what its functin is. Repeat the step with the wrd ahupua'a. Discuss what students may already knw abut an ahupua'a. Cmpare the definitins. Read the backgrund infrmatin abut an ahupua'a and a watershed as a class Hand ut laminated tpgraphic maps and wet-erase pens t grups f 3-4 students. Students will trace the bundaries f the Kalihi Watershed based n their understanding frm the reading, their bservatins, and their backgrund knwledge. Ask students t cmpare their grup's bundaries f the Kalihi Watershed with ther grups. As a class, discuss hw the bundaries were decided and which nes were mst accurate. Then, have students cmpare the bundaries they made with the bundaries f the Kalihi ahupua'a (given as a picture n the wrksheet Discuss the scientific nature f the ahupua'a system and if they wuld cnsider the Hawaiians wh develped it t be "scientists" Student Learning Activities: Students will learn hw t read a tpgraphic map Students will define the bundaries f a watershed Students will cmpare and cntrast a watershed and ahupua' a and the science behind the design f an ahupua'a Assessment: In-class wrksheet, ntes, and discussin Outline f watershed n tpgraphic map Extensin: 145 Prperty f UH Mana - Curriculum Studies

3 The teacher culd take the students n a fieldtrip t learn abut the physical features f a watershed. Watershed health culd be surveyed by ding surveys f: bidiversity, water quality, and sil quality uka, kula, and kai prtins f the ahupua'a Evaluatin f Lessn: The fllwing questins culd be used t evaluate the effectiveness and success f the lessn: Was student interest high? Were students actively participating in their grups? Were students engaged during the whle class perid? Did students mean the learning bjectives? Culd students discuss the meaning f a watershed and utline the bundaries easily? Hw wuld yu imprve this lessn in the future? 146 Prperty f UH Mana - Curriculum Studies

4 Appendix 1: An Ahupua'a and a Watershed Student Handut Name: Watersheds & Ahupua'a Pre-lab Questins 1. Lk at the wrd "watershed" and try t break it dwn, what d yu think it means? 2. What d yu think an ahupua'a is?. ". ~....' Backgrund Yu are prbably familiar with the term ahupua'a. An ahupua'a is a land divisin in Hawai'i that usually extends frm the muntains t the sea. It usually cntained all the natural resurces that the peple relied n fr survival. The wrd ahupua'a describes hw its bundaries were marked: an image f a pig (pua'a) munted n a heap (ahu) f stnes. Three main divisins existed within an ahupua'a: Uka (muntains), Kula (pen land), and Kai (sea). And, yu may have heard the term watershed. A watershed is an area f land frm which all surface and grund water flws frm higher elevatins dwnhill t a cmmn bdy f water such as a stream, lake, r cean. A watershed is the land the captures water. What d yu think f when yu hear the wrd shed? Tl shed? "The waterprf jacket sheds water ff f it?" A watershed stres things like a tl shed and sheds water int the cean. Sme rain that falls n watersheds runs ff, carving the land int hills and valleys. Sme water seeps int the grund and is stred as "grund water," eventually released thrugh fresh springs that seeps back int streams. Watersheds cme in all sizes and shapes. Nature defines their bundaries, nt humans. Right nw, yu are sitting in the Kalihi watershed. Prtecting ur watershed ensures that we have a gd and quality supply f grund water (which we rely n fr drinking and ther human uses) and surface water (which is imprtant t humans and ther animals). Ahupua'a and watersheds are very similar, ften having the same bundaries. We will study the Kalihi watershed and ahupua'a in this activity using maps! 147 Prperty f UH Mana - Curriculum Studies

5 u. 1. Find Kalihi n the map. Recall: tpgraphical maps are flat representatins f the surface f the earth (nt flat). The cnturs lines shw the highs and lws f the earth's surface. 2. Mark the bundaries f the Kalihi stream watershed using the verhead marker. Base the bundaries n yur understanding f what a watershed des. HINT: watersheds "shed" water dwn int rivers, streams, and ceans, and they act as "sheds" t stre water. Analysis Questins: 1. Hw did yu decide which way the water wuld flw? 2. What criteria did yu use t determine hw large the watershed is? 3. Were there any areas that yu were unsure abut? Hw did yu make a decisin abut these areas? 4. List tw things yu learned abut yur watershed frm this activity? 5. D activities n the land and in the stream up in the muntains affect the quality f life further dwn? Explain. 6. Hypthesize abut the number f living rganisms yu wuld find upstream cmpared t dwnstream in Kalihi Stream. Give reasns t supprt yur hypthesis. 7. Cmpare the bundaries f yur watershed t the bundaries f the fficial Kalihi Watershed and the Kalihi ahupua'a (see map belw). Are the same? Different? Explain. 148 Prperty f UH Mana - Curriculum Studies

6 s O ab.u Puehulunui Kahauiki I Kmmna I Haupe 'e pe 'e Kapalarna I '0!ani u nlulu I Ku Nu'uanu,, mll V'I'ai'ma' Manalua I H fe' Ku K.ehehuna Kaka Mamalal 'A'aea ~~ Mana Piivaina ~ ~...' ~ ~',t-u ' alaka 'a,i Kulakahu'a ;' ( ' fij.va'a Kalia - l Waikiki V'I'ai' alae I Maunuunu K8hala W.ilcilci 8. Based n yur answer t #7, wuld yu cnsider the Hawaiians wh develped the ahupua'a system t be scientists? Explain. Once finished, cmpare yur watershed bundaries with ther grups. Have each grup share their answers t the questins belw with the rest f the class. 149 Prperty f UH Mana - Curriculum Studies