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1 P R O J E C T R E V I E W S P R I N G S P R E S E R V E L A S V E G A S N E V A D A STABILIZED BASE STABILIZED SUBGRADE

2 The Springs Preserve, located west of The Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, is a 180 acre facility with approximately $300 million of new construction completed over the past seven years. Roads and trails constructed with SSPCO s green product technologies, NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement and EMC SQUARED Stabilizer for base course and subgrade stabilization, highlight this green building project. The Springs Preserve is considered to be the birthplace of the City of Las Vegas. It was once the site of a lush oasis and meadow, the result of erupting underground springs. These springs are now dry, but are of great historical significance and contain evidence of human habitation dating back approximately 10,000 years. In addition to a building for a new Nevada State Museum that is now in construction, the Springs Preserve has a visitor center focused on the fascinating cultural history of the Las Vegas Valley and the possibilities for its future. Facilities at the Springs Preserve also include a desert learning center focused on sustainable living, a large amphitheater for outdoor concerts and events, meeting facilities and event spaces, botanical gardens featuring Mojave desert vegetation, wetlands, picnic shelters and miles of NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement installations, which include a trail outside the fenced Springs Preserve area and interior access roads for vehicular and truck traffic.

3 R E S I N P A V E M E N T The Springs Preserve buildings and site plan feature green building techniques intended to raise awareness of the newest breakthroughs in sustainable design. The buildings are designed to achieve Platinum Status from the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program. The NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement installations meet all pavement engineering requirements and utilize aggregate materials closely matched to the coloration of the native desert soils and caliche rock at the Springs Preserve site. The non-toxic pavement formulations complement water quality protection measures, and the high albedo surfaces qualify as cool pavements, being both solar reflective and more thermally resistant than concrete. In Las Vegas where summertime temperatures can reach very hot 125 Fahrenheit temperatures, solar reflective thermally resistant pavements are a responsible alternative to heat absorbent black asphalt, which contributes to Urban Heat Island problems, increased smog formation, greenhouse gas emission and global warming. Cool pavements around buildings reduce air-conditioning and energy demand. They also just make common sense when it comes to comfort and human health in our living and working environments.

4 Typical Marshall Stability values for hot mix asphalt [are] 4,000 to 6,000 pounds. The NaturalPAVE XL samples tested in our laboratory had Marshall Stability values of 8,000 to 18,000 pounds. NaturalPAVE XL also maintained a higher flow number which, in combination with the stability results, would indicate that the material has good rut resistance, as well as good flexibility for fatigue cracking resistance. Kleinfelder, Inc. STABILIZED BASE COURSE Utilizing resilient modulus testing services conducted by the University of Nevada Reno pavement materials testing laboratory, Kleinfelder Inc. evaluated the performance of the stabilized or bound base course used in construction of the Springs Preserve roads. A local aggregate material meeting Nevada DOT Type II specification requirements was treated with SSPCo s EMC SQUARED Stabilizer. With stabilization treatment the performance of the aggregate base course material was improved from 51,000 psi to 272,500 psi, a strength increase of over five times. According to the pavement materials engineer in charge of the evaluation program, test results indicated that this bound base course has a layer equivalency factor similar to that of hot mix asphalt. EMC SQUARED S T A B I L I Z E R PAVEMENT FIELD PERFORMANCE The initial paving phase was completed in 2003 and included over two miles of interior roads paved with NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement. The paved roads serviced the delivery trucks and heavy equipment related to major earth moving operations and construction of the large buildings and a 20 million gallon water tank for the Las Vegas Valley Water District. Surfaced with a just two inches of NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement, these roads have impressively endured every sort of heavy truck and construction equipment operation without need for repairs since their construction six years ago. Year 2007 construction included paving of the primary site access roads which route visitors into interior parking lots and delivery trucks to the loading dock areas of the seven new building facilities. PAVEMENT MATERIALS TESTING The Marshall Stability test is a test method that historically has been used for design and control of hot mix asphalt mixtures. Typical Marshall Stability values for hot mix asphalt pavement materials, tested at 140 F temperatures, range from 2,000 to 6,000 pounds. A series of NaturalPAVE XL mixtures evaluated by Kleinfelder, Inc. provided results ranging from 7,500 to 18,000 pounds along with greater flexibilty than typical for hot mix asphalt. Converse Consultants provide quality control testing services for the Springs Preserve project. Twenty-two specimens cored from the Springs Preserve pavement installations measured an average stability of 9,414 pounds. The field performance test results again demonstrated very high stability and bonding strength as well as excellent flexibility measurements.

5 ...it does appear the Resin Pavement (NaturalPAVE XL) can withstand higher loads with a more plastic deformation than the conventional Asphaltic Concrete mixture. Alpha Geotechnical & Materials, Inc. INITIAL PHASE OF ROAD PAVING IN PROGRESS ~ 2003 The NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement mix formulated for the Springs Preserve roads also provided excellent results when evaluated by the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST), a test procedure for evaluating the cold weather limitations of hot mix asphalt binder products. The test determines the point of failure where brittle cracking occurs. The Superpave Performance Grading (PG) system provides the temperature index. The PG system was developed for classification of the performance characteristics of hot mix asphalt pavement binders. The low temperature component of the PG system is relevant to performance evaluation of cold applied NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement. For reference, asphalt mixtures specified for southern Nevada road paving projects required to perform without failure in temperatures as cold as 22 Celsius. The typical low temperature performance requirement for asphalt mixtures specified for paving in New England states is 28 Celsius. The NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement specimens tested for the Springs Preserve road pavements averaged 40.7 Celsius, exceeding the 40 Celsius classification in the PG system for cold region paving applications. NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement Specimens Compared with Hot Mix Asphalt After Marshall Stability Testing NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement 8,870 lbs. Stability 12,922 lbs. Stability 15,700 lbs. Stability Asphalt Typically 2,000-6,000 lbs. Stability SECOND PHASE OF ROAD PAVING IN PROGRESS ~ 2007

6 Outdoor exhibit with temperature sensors to display the difference in residual heat from reflective and non-reflective objects Cool Pavement Solar Reflectivity As part of its educational mission regarding sustainable living practices for the Las Vegas Valley, the Springs Preserve has an outdoor exhibit displaying the difference in residual heat between objects that reflect solar energy and objects that are non-reflective and absorb solar energy. Using the lizard thermometer sculptures pictured at left, visitors can observe the temperature differences throughout the day between the reflective white lizard and the heat absorbent black lizard. The F and F temperatures displayed were recorded mid-morning on a summer day while the air temperatures were still under 100 F. They closely parallel the actual temperatures of reflective NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement and heat absorbent black asphalt pavement surfaces in these same weather conditions.

7 Cool Pavement Thermal Resistance As indicated at right, testing has confirmed that NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement provides a reflective alternative to heat absorbent black asphalt pavement. A pavement that has high thermal conductivity, such as hot mix asphalt, is going to rapidly take on the solar energy and transmit the heat through the pavement into the base course materials and subgrade soils below the pavement. NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement mixtures have thermal resistance, or insulation value, superior to conventional hot mix asphalt and concrete pavement materials. This combination of solar reflectance and thermal resistance makes NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement the standard for cool pavement technology when it comes to new pavement construction and for overlays of existing asphalt pavement installations. Thermal Conductivity Average Thermal Conductivity K(W/m.oK) Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement Arizona State University SMART Materials Testing Facility

8 Soil Stabilization Products Company, Inc. PO Box 2779, Merced, CA Phone: (800) or (209) Fax: (209) Website: NaturalPAVE XL Resin Pavement, similar to hot mix asphalt, is a surface course pavement material that is reliant on the workmanship of the pavement contractor during placement operations and on the strength and stability of the base course and underlying layers upon which it is constructed. SSPCo is a supplier of pavement materials only and not a contractor, engineer, installer, or construction inspector. This publication is intended for use by professional personnel who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of the information provided. It was reviewed carefully prior to publication. Final determination of the suitability of any information or material for the use contemplated, or for its manner of use, is the sole responsibility of the user. NaturalPAVE, EMC SQUARED, EMC2 and the SSPCo globe logo are registered trademarks of Soil Stabilization Products Company, Inc. RESIN PAVEMENT is a trademark of Soil Stabilization Products Company, Inc Soil Stabilization Products Company, Inc. - All Rights Reserved