CSP TECHNOLOGY IN THE MARKET

Transcription

1 CSP TECHNOLOGY IN THE MARKET Technical details, operation and projects Christoph Kost Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Amman, 25 th July 2017

2 What is the lowest / best DNI to build a CSP Plant? Best performance: DNI sum > 2800kWh/(m²*a) Commercial CSP plants: DNI sum > 2000kWh/(m²*a) CSP for process heat / ISCC: DNI sum > 1500kWh/(m²*a) (even projects in Denmark, Canada) 2

3 Land use by CSP Plants Land use depends on solar multiple, storage size Typical land use parabolic trough: 2 4 ha/mw el peak Typical land use tower: 2 10 ha/mw el peak No/small storage small solar field Large storage large solar field Noor II PT (7FLH storage): 750ha / 200MW el peak = 3.75ha/MW el peak Noor III tower (7FLH storage): 680ha / 150MW el peak = 4.53ha/MW el peak 3

4 CSP plant construction time Typically 1 yr construction & 1 yr commissioning / acceptance testing Commissioning & Start-Up All required systems installed, EPC teams ready with start-up, visual/walk-trough inspections done, system performs all required functions First Performance Acceptance Test FPAT PASS FAIL RETAKE Revision FPAT: Short-duration steady state power output and efficiency tests Multi-day energy output tests Provisional Acceptance Certificate PAC Test operation phase TOP Operation & data collection under PAC for a fixed time period (several months, up to one year) Second Performance Acceptance Test Final Acceptance Certificate SPAT FAC PASS FAIL RETAKE Revision SPAT: Short-term steady state power output and efficiency tests Multi-day energy output tests Comparison to FPAT results Long-term energy output during TOP Plant availability during TOP Regular plant operation 4

5 WATER CONSUMERS IN CSP PLANTS Four main water consumers: Cooling system Mirror cleaning Steam cycle Miscellanious (e.g. bundle cleaning, filter backwash, auxiliary machine cooling, flocculent hydration, ozone generator cooling, centrifugal cleaning etc.) 5

6 Water use in CSP plants CSP plants use water in various qualities and quantities just as other thermal power plants. wet cooled dry cooled hybrid 6

7 Water consumption, an overview Approximately 93% of the wet condensing plant s annual water consumption is used by the evaporative cooling tower. Water Consumers (water quality) Unit Wet Condensing Parallel Condensing Dry Condensing Cooling Tower Makeup (Demin) m 3 /MWh el Steam Cycle Operating Makeup (Demin) m 3 /MWh el Steam Cycle Makeup at startup (Demin) m 3 /MWh el Mirror Wash Water (Demin) m 3 /MWh el Wet Surface air Cooler Makeup (Raw) m 3 /MWh el Totals m 3 /MWh el Source: Turchi, 2010

8 Water demand of the mirror cleaning system The water consumption average depends on the type and amount of soil presented in the mirrors Average cleaning cycle is 1-2 weeks depending on the site, charactristics of the dust, cleaning technology etc. Contact method (brushes) consumes less water, it is considered slower, but in turn produce a better result Example measured mirror washing water consumption and cleanliness: 8

9 Cleaning concept parabolic trough collector Truck based cleaning Contactless cleaning concept with water jet and / or high pressure air, which performs a function, first descaling and second sweeping or hosing for soil removal High speed, no surface contact Contact cleaning with brushes (usually as a complement to the prior technic) + Lower water consumption, high efficiency - If dust contains hard minerals (silicon), this technique can scratch the mirror surface, reducing its reflectivity irreversibly. 9

10 Cleaning concept heliostat mirrors Truck based cleaning Contactless cleaning concept with pressurized water + High speed, no surface contact Contact cleaning with brushes + Lower water consumption, high efficiency 10

11 Possible Integrations of CSP and DeSal Technologies CSP+MED Heat Only CSP+MED Combined Heat & Power CSP(+RO) Power Only Solar Field Storage Solar Field Storage Solar Field Storage solar heat fuel solar heat fuel solar heat fuel heat Power Block electr. Power Block MED Grid MED Grid RO Grid Water Water Power Water ( Power) Source: [Trieb 2007], modified 11

12 CSP+MED Cogeneration: Benefits & Drawbacks CSP and MED Desalination cogeneration could be a very attractive: + cogeneration projects can be more attractive than just power production (costly fuel imports; high water costs) + Technological synergies potentially reduce the cost of combined power and water production against the independent production + CSP+MED technology could have a larger local content (thermal plant equipment) than PV+RO or CSP+RO projects + CSP+MED cogeneration stabilizes grid (due to thermal storage); independent production needs grid capacity & grid connected storage However, the concept has also some drawbacks for CSP+MED plants : - Integration of MED reduces CSP PB efficiency - If CSP+MED plants to be located at coast: DNI is not favorable; land cost and availability could be a significant problem; - Inland locations of CSP+MED plants feasible: additional pumping of seawater (see ISE paper SolarPACES2017) 12

13 Annual solar-to-electricity efficiency as a function of development level 13 Source: EASAC(European Academies Science Advisory Council), 2011 CSP technology Technical options Parabolic troughs (PT) PT-oil: oil as HTF and molten salt storage PT-SHS: superheated steam as HTF PT-MS: molten salt as HTF and storage Linear Fresnel systems (F) Fresnel SaS: saturated steam as HTF Fresnel SHS: superheated steam as HTF Towers (T) T-SaS: saturated steam as HTF T-SHS: superheated steam as HTF T-MS: molten salt as HTF and storage T-AR: ambient pressure air as HTF and Rankine cycle T-GT: pressurised air as HTF and Brayton cycle T-SC: supercritical cycle T-CC: pressurised air as HTF and combined cycle Parabolic dishes (DS) DS: helium Stirling cycle

14 CSP core value chain and its components&services Core Value Chain Project Development Materials Components Engineering & Construction Operation Distribution Dismantling Elements of the Core Value Chain Climate data acquisition Site selection Technical and economical feasibility study Environmental assessment Concept engineering Project financing Permission process Concrete Steel Sand Glass Silver Copper Salt Thermal oil Other chemicals Mirrors Concrete foundation Pylons Metal support structure Tracker system Cabling Receiver Connection piping Thermal insulation Heat transfer fluid (HTF) Pumps Storage system Steam generator / heat exchanger Power block Electrical control system Grid connection Engineering Procurement Civil works Collector assembly Installation of solar field Operation & maintenance Electricity generation Transport and distribution of electricity Utility Dismantling of the plant Disposal of waste materials Finance & Ownership Essential Partners Research & Development Political Institutions 14

15 Potentials and barriers for the manufacturing of CSP components Specific to technology Very specific Mirror parabolic Turbine Legend: CSP specific Engineering & Project development Mirror Flat Float glass Mounting structure Storage System Connection Piping HTF General component Assembly Civil Works Electronic equipment Electrical Works Cables Low Level of Barriers High

16 Thank you for your kind attention! Fraunhofer-Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Christoph Kost Thomas Fluri Raymond Branke