Heat Enhancement using TiO2-Nano fluid in Automotive Cooling System

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1 International Journal o Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN , P-ISSN INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at Research Article Heat Enhancement using TiO-Nano luid in Automotive Cooling System Eknath D.Kurhe *, Sourabh S. Kale, Akshay D. Purane, Sonali S.Kale ϯ and Shreyas R. Ransing Mechanical Engineering Department, Marathwada Mitra Mandal s Institute o Technology, SPPU, Pune 47, India Accepted 01 Oct 016, Available online 05 Oct 016, Special Issue-6 (Oct 016) Abstract In today's world o increasing demands o energy, heat management plays a crucial role or humans. As we look into automobile sector management o heat is now really important. Nano luids are latest introduced cooling luids containing ultraine nano particles (1-100nm), which could increase thermal conductivity and heat transer rate as compared to base luid. These are suspended in base luid which gets dispersed into base luid. Nano luid TiO has been investigated experimentally in this report to evaluate heat transer in automotive radiator. Its size ranges rom nm.A signiicant volume reduction o radiator has been observed and in contrary pumping power o pump is increased simultaneously. Keywords: Nanoluids, TiO, Heat, Thermal conductivity, Nanoparticles. 1. Introduction 1 The main reason solid particles less than 100 nm are added to a liquid is to improve its thermal properties. This new luid is then deined as a nanoluid. Solid metallic or nonmetallic materials dispersed in base luids such as water, ethylene glycol and glycerol have become a topic o interest in recent years. Thermo luid has numerous applications and one o them is automotive cooling systems. Base luids (water, ethylene glycol and glycerol) have been used as conventional coolants in an automobile radiator or many years, however these oered low thermal conductivity, which has prompted researchers to ind luids that oer higher thermal conductivity compared to that o conventional coolants. This resulted in nanoluids being used instead o these base luids. Forced convection heat transer to cool circulating water rom an automobile radiator was carried out by (Peyghambarzadeh et al., 011). A high eiciency engine is not only based on it perormance but also or increasing uel economy and reducing emission. Vehicle weight can be reduced or optimizing design and size o a radiator which is necessity or making the world green. Addition o ins is one o the approaches to increase the cooling rate o the radiator. It increases heat transer area and enhances the air convective heat transer coeicient (Eastman JA et al., 1996). Traditional approach o increasing the cooling rate by using ins and micro-channel has already reached to *Corresponding author: Eknath D.Kurhe their limit. Also heat transer luids at air and luid side, such as water and ethylene glycol exhibit lower thermal conductivity. As a result it become necessary or new and innovative heat transer luids or improving heat transer rate in an automotive car radiator. Nanoluids seem to be potential replacement o conventional coolants in engine cooling system. Yu et al. reported that about 15-40% o heat transer enhancement can be achieved by using various types o nanoluids. Having these superior characteristics, the size and weight o an automotive car radiator can be reduced without aecting its heat transer perormance which results into a better aerodynamic eature or design o an automotive car rontal area. Coeicient o drag can be minimized and uel consumption eiciency can be improved.. Literature Review Eastman et al. (1996) observed that a nanoluid consisting o Cu nanometer sized particles dispersed in ethylene glycol which has much higher thermal conductivity than pure ethylene glycol. Thermal conductivity can be increased by 40 % or nanoluid consisting approx 0.3 vol % Cu nano particles o mean diameter <10mm. Pak and Cho (1998) used 10 % vol AlO3 which increased viscosity and power o pumping o luid. The thermal conductivity o pure nano metallic particles is more than 100 times higher than that o oxide nano particles. Duangthongsuk and Wong Wises (009) reported that heat transer coeicient o TiO nanoluid had 51 MMIT, Lohgaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India, NCPSM- 016, INPRESSCO IJCET Special Issue-6 (Oct 016)

2 Heat Enhancement using TiO Nano luid in Automotive Cooling System higher than base luid. M.Naraki (013) ound that thermal conductivity o CuO/H O nanoluid has much higher than o base luid. The overall heat transer coeicient increases the enhancement o nanoluid rom 0 to 0.04 vol %. Nguyen et al. (007) perormed experiments in the radiator type heat exchanger and at 6.8 % vol (Al O 3) in water obtained 40 % increase in heat transer coeicient. Zamzamian et al. (011) investigated the eects o orced convective heat transer coeicient with (Al O 3)/EG and CuO/EG nanoluid in double pipe and plate heat exchangers. Their results showed that heat transer coeicient o nanoluid enhanced to a -50 % in convective heat transer coeicient o nanoluid. M. Ebrahimi et al. (014) experimentally studied the eect o the adding o SiO nano particles to the base luid water in the automobile car radiator. The volume raction o the nano particles as 0.1 %, 0. %, 0.4 %, and Reynold number rom They observed that there were improvement in the heat transer when ö=0.04 and water considered as based luid was about 3.8 %, and this value is about 4 % or water propelen glycol. They concluded that with increasing the luid inlet temperature, nano particles concentration, and Reynolds number the Nusselt number would be increased. S. M. Peyghambarzadeh (013) ound that nano luid consisting o CuO and FeO3 nanoparticle dispersed in water has much heat transer than pure H O. Ollivier et al. used nanoluid to increase thermal signal variation by around 15% over that predicted using water alone. 3. Methodology The test rig shown in Fig.1 was used to measure the heat transer coeicient in the automotive radiator. This experimental setup includes: 1) A plastic storage tank: 40 cm height and 30 cm diameter ) An electric heater: 1500W 3) A centriugal pump: 0.5 hp and 3 m head 4) Plastic tubes: 0.5 in 5) A an: 1500 rpm 6) An AC power supply:10-1v 7) Lugs type thermocouples 8) Automobile radiator: The car radiator has lowered ins and 3 lat vertical aluminum tubes with a lat c/s area. The distance between the tube rods was illed with thin perpendicular Cu ins. 9) A voltage regulator: 0-0V Fig.1 Experimental Setup 4. Theoretical data analysis 4.1 Base Fluid's Physical Properties The base luid (water) properties are estimated depending on the base temperature asregression equations (Adnan M. Hussein 1, 4, R.A. Bakar1,, K. Kadirgama1, and K.V. Sharma3, January-June 013) 1. Density o base luid [1 ( T 4) ] 1000 [ T 4( T ) ] (1). Speciic heat o base luid: C T ( T ) ( T 3. Thermal Conductivity: K T.6015e 5. Experimental data analysis 5.1Numerical Design 5 MMIT, Lohgaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India, NCPSM- 016, INPRESSCO IJCET Special Issue-6 (Oct 016) 6T 8T e ) 3 () (3) According to Newton's cooling law the ollowing procedure was ollowed to obtain the heat transer coeicient and corresponding Nusselt number as: Q ha T ha( T b Ts ) A s is surace area o tube, T b is the bulk temperature: [ Tin Tout T ] b (4) (5) (T in, T out) are inlet and outlet temperatures and T s is the tube wall temperature which is themean value measured by the two surace thermocouples as:

3 Heat Enhancement using TiO Nano luid in Automotive Cooling System T s= [ T T 8 ] /8 Heat transer rate is calculated by: Q m C T m C( T in Tout ) (6) m. is the mass low rate, which is determined as: m. =ρ.v. The heat transer coeicient can be evaluated by collecting Eqs. (1) and (4): Fig.3 (a) Nu and Pr no. v/s T h exp=m. C(T in T out) /n A s(t b T s) (7) The Nusselt number can be calculated as: Nu=[h exp D h]/ k (8) 6. Results and Discussion 1) A number o experimental runs with pure water were conducted with the cooling system to veriy the experimental results. Theoretically as Re no. increases Nu no. also increases or pure water and TiO. Fig (a) and (b) ) Theoretical values or Pr no. and Nu no. are calculated or dierent temperatures and volume low rate. It shows that as temperature increases Pr no. decreases and Nu no. increases. Fig 3 (a) and (c).re also increases with increases in temperature. Fig 3 (b) and (d) Fig.3 (b) Re v/s T Fig.3 (c) Nu v/s Flow rate Fig. (a) Nu v/s Re or pure water Fig.3 (d) Re v/s Flow rate Fig. (b) Nu v/s Re or TiO 3) It is analyzed with experimental data Fig 4 (a) and (b) which shows that Nu no. increases with increases in temperature and volume low rate 53 MMIT, Lohgaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India, NCPSM- 016, INPRESSCO IJCET Special Issue-6 (Oct 016)

4 Heat Enhancement using TiO Nano luid in Automotive Cooling System Fig.4 (a) Nu v/s T Fig.4 (b) Nu v/s Flow rate 4) Fig 5(a) and (b) shows that heat transer coeicient also increases with increase in temp. and volume low rate. Fig.5 (a) h expv/s T Fig.5 (b) h expv/s Flow rate Conclusions 1) Overall heat transer coeicient enhances with increasing the liquid low rate. ) Increasing the concentration o nano particles enhances the overall heat transer coeicient especially or TiO-water nanoluids. 3) The nanoluids has a high boiling point, and it can be used to increase the normal coolant operating temperature and then reject more heat through the existing coolant system. 4) The use o high-thermal conductive nanoluids in radiators can lead to a reduction in the rontal area o the radiator up to 10%. The uel saving is up to 5% due to the reduction in aerodynamic drag. 5) New working luid with higher heat transer perormance would promote the car engine perormance and would reduce uel consumption. Thereore, it can be ollowed by other investigators to eliminate the deiciencies or industrialization in the car industries. 6) Increasing the low rate o working luid (or equally Re) enhances the heat transer coeicient or both pure water and nanoluid considerably while the variation o luid inlet temperature to the radiator (in the range tested) slightly changes the heat transer perormance. Reerences Eastman JA, Choi US, Thompson LJ, Lee S. (1996) Enhanced thermal conductivity through the development o nanoiuids. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc,457,3 11. Weerapun Duangthongsuk, Somchai Wongwises, (009) Heat transer enhancement and pressure drop characteristics o TiO water nanoluid in a double-tube counter low heat exchanger. International Journal o Heat and Mass Transer 5, S.M. Peyghambarzadeh, S.H. Hashemabadi, Y. Vermahmoudi, M.Naraki, (013) Experimental study o overall heat transer coeicient in the application o dilute nanoluids in the car radiator. Applied Thermal Engineering 5, R. Saidur, K.Y. Leong, H.A. Mohammad, (011) A review on applications and challenges o nanoluids, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 15, S.M. Peyghambarzadeh, S.H. Hashemabadi, S.M. Hoseini, M. SeiiJamnani, (011) Experimental study o heat transer enhancement using water/ethylene glycol based nanoluids as a new coolant or car radiators, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Trans. 38, M. Ebrahimi, M. Farhadi, K. Sedighi, S. Akbarzade, (014)Experimental Investigation O Force Convective Heat Transer In A Car Radiator Filled With SiO-Water Nanoluid, International Journals O Engineering, 7(), W. Duangthongsuk, S. Wongwises, (009) Heat transer enhancement and pressure drop characteristics o TiOewater nanoluid in a double-tube counter low heat exchanger, Int. J. Heat Mass Transer, 5, A. Zamzamian, S.N. Oskouie, A. Doosthoseini, A. Joneidi, M. Pazouki,(011)Experimental investigation o orced convective heat transer coeicient in nanoluids o AlO3/EG and CuO/EG in a double pipe and plate heat exchangers under turbulent low, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 35 (3), MMIT, Lohgaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India, NCPSM- 016, INPRESSCO IJCET Special Issue-6 (Oct 016)

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