Capture, transport and geological storage of CO 2 : - an environmental NGO perspective. Derek M. Taylor Bellona Environmental CCS Team

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1 Capture, transport and geological storage of CO 2 : - an environmental NGO perspective Derek M. Taylor Bellona Environmental CCS Team

2 What is Bellona: The Bellona Foundation: International environmental NGO founded in 1986 as a direct-action protest group. Technology and solution-oriented bridge between industry and government. Goal: Achieving sustainable and commercially viable solutions to the world's most pressing environmental problems. Financed by industry, government and individuals as well as through project-orientated grants from philanthropic organizations. Offices, located in Brussels, Murmansk, Oslo, St. Petersburg and Washington DC, Bellona works with relevant governments, experts and other NGOs in.

3 Bellona Europa Bellona Europa, established in years of influencing EU environmental policies Engaged EU in nuclear decommissioning and radioactive waste issues on the Russian Kola Peninsula, Established Joint Parliamentary Working Group of the European Parliament, Russian State Duma, and US Senate Expanded to marine pollution, electric/electronic equipment waste, renewable energies, CO 2 capture & storage (CCS) and biomass/biofuels Creating forums for dialogue between industry, EU institutions, politicians and NGOs to identify viable climate policy solutions Bellona Environmental CCS Team 3

4 18 years ago... In 1992 the Bellona Foundation was working on the issue of CO2 capture and storage from power production and industrial processes. Bellona s view was then and still is - that these technologies and conceptual solutions could contribute importantly to direct emissions reductions and build a bridge into the renewable energy society. In 1995 Bellona commissioned a preliminary study by Sintef Offshore gas power with CO2 removal supplied from a plant located on an abandoned platform.

5 More recently... In 1996 Statoil started CO2 capture from natural gas from the Sleipner field and injecting it into the Utsira Formation under the North Sea Storing 1 million tonnes of CO2 annually In 2002 the Commission launched its 6 th Framework Research Programme (FP6) with projects on CCS In 2005 the EU established the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) In 2006 the Zero Emission Technology Platform (ZEP) was established In 2006 the Commission adopted its Communication Sustainable power generation from fossil fuels: aiming for near-zero emissions from coal after 2020 This stated: However, coal can continue to make its valuable contribution to the security of energy supply and the economy of both the EU and the world as a whole only with technologies allowing for drastic reduction of the carbon footprint of its combustion With reference to: supporting the design, construction and operation by 2015 of up to 12 large-scale demonstrations

6 A topical CCS issue...

7 The EU Technology Platforms (ETPs) Established by European Commission to provide advise Stakeholders define a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), and Industry Strategic Deployment Document (SDD) to enter the market Bellona represented at Advisory Committee and working group levels in the ETPs for CCS (ZEP) and also for biofuels (EBTP). Researchers, technology institutes SRA/SDD NGOs and other stakeholders Frederic Hauge the head of Bellona - is Vice Chairman of ZEP

8 From Fossil to Renewables

9 The challenge: 80 % of global energy production is based on fossil fuels Global energy demand is increasing 2/3 of the global population need increase of standard of living will require increasing energy demand CO2 emissions must be at a minimum reduced by % by 2050

10 A bridge to the Sustainable Energy Chain Large volume of energy is required to produce: Si and Al for solar cells Cast iron for windmills Fertilizers for biomass Production of electricity and hydrogen for transport

11 The challenge why CCS? CCS as a key part of the portfolio Energy-efficiency, renewable energy sources, etc. necessary but insufficient Measures for 2030 differ from the 2050 picture Bellona Environmental CCS Team 11

12 CCS - A catalyst for change! Security of Supply: EOR/ECBM H 2 Production with CCS Fuel Cell technology for power and ships CCS used for industry, steel, cement, petrochemical plants, refineries, chalk and fertilizer production Captured CO 2 could be used for putting out coal mine fires in China Co-firing with biomass with CCS is carbon negative!

13 Bellona, EBTP and carbonnegative Sustainable biomass has the potential for great climate contributions Need for an holistic approach in the work of the European Biofuels Technology Platform (EBTP), with a focus on sustainability in the entire biomass value chain Alternative sources of biomass, e.g. aquatic biomass/algae Bellona hosting the secretariat for a Joint Task Force (JTF) for Bio-CCS, bringing together representatives for ZEP and EBTP to develop Carbon Negative solutions

14 Bellona Environmental CCS Team Road maps for CCS demonstration and deployment in Europe later in China, India, Brazil and South Africa Advocacy and public communication; Reaching out to local NGO communities Web Analysis programme: Mapping and completing LCAs of all aspects of CCS value chain *

15 INSURING ENERGY INDEPENDENCE A CCS Roadmap for Poland Published March 2011

16 What happens in an ETS world? Bellona Environmental CCS Team

17 What is the power of Poland? Rich resources of coal and lignite A strong position for energy independance Two large CCS demonstration projects Very good CO 2 storage potential Experienced and knowledable on geology and geophysics Long history of thermal power plants Poland can benefit strongly from CCS

18 Energy Mix & Demand Trajectories Follows government plans & projections Significant coal & lignite Replaces some coal & lignite with natural gas Greatly reduces demand Less coal, lignite, & gas

19 Modelling energy, emissions, and cost Building the energy & CCS timeline Building up capacity of coal and lignite plants Applying CCS Bellona Environmental CCS Team

20 What happens in an ETS world? Bellona Environmental CCS Team

21 Modelling energy, emission, and cost Calculating emissions and costs PEP Trajectory Bellona Environmental CCS Team

22 Modelling energy, emission, and cost Calculating emissions and costs for Gas,

23 Modelling energy, emission, and cost Calculating emissions and costs and for EE.

24 Modelling energy, emission, and cost A Complex Model

25 Modelling energy, emission, and cost A Complex Model... that always points to the same conclusion.

26 Modelling Conclusions What happens for a wide range of possible futures? In almost any world with a moderate EU climate policy, Poland will be better off with CCS than without. Bellona Environmental CCS Team

27 All you need to know about C0 2 capture and storage derek@bellona.org