IEA Bioenergy Task 39 State of Technology of Algae Bioenergy

Transcription

1 IEA Bioenergy Task 39 State of Technology of Algae Bioenergy Dina Bacovsky, Andrea Sonnleitner, Jim McMillan, Lieve Laurens CEBC January, 2017, Graz, Austria

2 IEA Bioenergy Report 2016 State of Technology Review Algae Bioenergy Inter-Task Report of IEA Bioenergy Task 34, 37, 38, 39, 42 Update to Task 39 report published in 2010 Provides Overview on technologies and production facilities Techno-economic analysis Life-cycle analysis Slide 2 Source: IEA Bioenergy

3 Commercial and research operations Around 250 commercial (red balloons) and 100 research operations (green balloons) found globally Slide 3

4 Support and funding for algae technology development in North America NAABB National Alliance for Algal Biofuels and Bioproducts ($44M) 3 integrated biorefinery demonstration plants ($97M) Solazyme lignocellulosis to biodiesel and renewable diesel, heterotrophic algae Algenol light and CO 2 to ethanol, cyanobacteria, development of economic PBR Sapphire renewable biocrude for upgrading to jetfuel and diesel fuels, 121 ha plant Other funded consortia (CAB-Comm, SABC, Cornell Marine Algal Biofuels Consortium, ATP 3, RAFT) Canada: ACC Algal Carbon Conversion Flagship Program Slide 4

5 Support and funding for algae technology development in Europe AQUAFUELS project (2009) AlgaeCluster ( 31M, each 10 ha) InteSusAl Combination of photobioreactors and fermentors for production of biofuels (biodiesel) All-Gas Mixture of algae and bacteria to clean wastewater and produce fuel BioFAT Coupled production of biodiesel and bioethanol Other EU projects: AlgaeBioGas, DEMA, D-Factory, EnAlgae, Fuel4Me Slide 5

6 Overview of technology routes A: lipids-only B: whole algal biomass nondestructive fractionation C: hydrothermal liquefaction Slide 6 Source: IEA Bioenergy

7 Techno-economic analysis High range of results in literature Source: IEA Bioenergy Slide 7

8 Important parameters Source: IEA Bioenergy Slide 8

9 Meteorological data and lipid yield Figure 8-3: Overview of global current near term lipid productivity of microalgae based on a validated biological growth model of Nannochloropsis cultivated in a photobioreactor, based on meteorological data from 4,388 geographical locations, from reference 362 Slide 9

10 Sensitivity analysis Highest impact factor over the entire process are algal strain-specific biological parameters Specific lipid content Growth rate Further possibilites for optimization: Operating days per year Degree of nutrient recycle Harmonisation of models and Model validation urgently needed! Slide 10

11 LCAs show great variation Large range in reported LCA outcome on CO 2 released per MJ of biofuel produced (-2.6 to 7.3 kg CO 2 eq MJ -1 ) Main drivers behind the large range variation in results are the modeling choices rather than differences in the conversion processes, emphasizing the need for a harmonized approach to LCA modeling Slide 11

12 Key sustainability issues Quantity of water and quantity of freshwater addition Supply of key nutrients for algal growth (N, P, CO2) Appropriate land area with suitable climate and resources Energy return on Investment (EROI) GHG emissions over the life cycle of algal biofuels Slide 12

13 Summary and key messages Significant progress in algae cultivation and conversion with demonstrated deployment since 2010 Algae-based industry greatly expanded including development of higher value products TEAs and LCAs show great variation; harmonisation of parameters as well as model validation through real facilities needed Focus shifted from biofuels to high value products Slide 13

14 IEA Bioenergy Webinar Webinar Algae Bioenergy State of Technology Review , 4 pm Central European Time Lieve M.L. Laurens and James D. McMillan, NREL Slide 14

15 Thanks for your attention! Dina Bacovsky Folie 15