Solid Waste Management in Quezon City, Metro Manila

Transcription

1 Solid Waste Management in Quezon City, Metro Manila Maria Antonia N. Tanchuling University of the Philippines Diliman 3E Nexus Workshop 17 January 2017 Tokyo, Japan 1

2 NaDonal RegulaDons on SWM Ecological Solid Waste Management Act SegregaDon at source Clean Air Act Bans incinera*on Toxic Substances and Nuclear Waste Act CollecDon, transport, treatment and disposal Health Care Waste Management act CollecDon, transport, treatment and disposal Segregated collecdon Hospital licensure Closure of open dumpsites DevoluDon of funcdon to local government 2

3 Quezon City Located in the NaDonal Capital Region (NCR) Most populated (3.2 M ) and wealthiest city in the Philippines Site to many government offices and academic insdtudons Situated in the Guadalupe plateau which is a reladvely high plateau 3

4 City Ordinances Effec*ve September 2012 SP-2140 PlasDc Bag ReducDon Ordinance Regulates the use of plasdc bags and establishing an environmental fee for its use SP-2103 Mandates all business establishments to display a nodce that encourages customers to bring their own reusable bags 4

5 Waste stream 5

6 CollecDon scheme InsDtuDons Scheduled collecdon ResidenDal Sources Door -to - door collecdon Main Road CollecDon Thrice a day collecdon Industries Landfill Private Haulers 6

7 Segregated collecdon Biodegradable (Monday, Tuesday, Friday Saturday) Non-biodegradable (Wednesday, Thursday) 7

8 Waste generadon 2016 Projected PopulaDon 3,177,435 Per capita waste generadon Waste GeneraDon Average amount of waste disposed at QCCDF (Payatas) 0.88 kg/pax/day 2881 tons/day (2016 projected populadon based on 2010 census) tons/day Waste density 266 kg/m 3 Average waste disposal rate 0.51 kg/cap-day 8

9 Waste composidon (weight) leather/rubber 1.37 animal remains 0.07 Other 3.41 TexDles 7.96 Paper Glass 1.61 Metals 1.05 Hard PlasDc 2.78 Food Waste Film PlasDc Yard Waste Wood 5.65 Composite plasdc 4.31 Styrofoam

10 Comparison of composidon (by collecdon schedule) 100% 8.98% 8.34% 10.50% 10.33% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 9.23% 17.71% 21.90% 9.17% 1.88% 14.49% 2.25% 0.84% 0.94% 12.59% Biodegradable CollecDon 5.46% 13.30% 44.17% 4.05% 2.57% 8.81% 3.35% 1.79% 1.02% 7.15% Non-Biodegradable CollecDon 5.40% 7.85% 28.12% 27.27% 9.75% 14.01% 1.95% 0.86% 0% 4.75% 5.27% 2.05% 0.65% 16.10% 8.24% 25.07% 3.28% 1.11% 1.57% 15.88% Main Road CollecDon InsDtuDonal CollecDon Other TexDles Food Waste Yard Waste Wood Styrofoam Film PlasDc Hard PlasDc Metals Glass Paper 10

11 Waste Frac*on N(%) Primary Data Secondary Data Author Sample Source Garden and Park Waste.84 Food Waste 1.0 Wood Waste 1.61 h 0.70 h Rosen, Halbach and Yard waste (Minessota, Mugaas (2000) USA) 1.15 j j Various yardwaste Moller et. al. (2016) 4.68 g g Kadir, Ismail and Jamaludin (2015) n n Nagy et. Al. (2014) 0.09 h h Rosen, Halbach and Mugaas (2000) l l Jerger et. al. (1982) compost (Germany) Makanan Ringan Mas Industrial Plant (Malaysia) University s Cafeteria (Hungary) Wood (Minessota, USA) Various species of wood trees (Several states of USA) 11

12 QC Controlled Dumping Facility Oldest (since 1973) and largest dumping facility in the Philippines Average number of Trucks : 411 trucks/day Average waste intake: 1,600 tons/day Land Area Old Mound à 12 hectares New Mound à 10 hectares

13 QC Controlled Dumping Facility

14 History of QC Disposal Facility (Payatas)

15 Slope improvement

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17 QC Controlled Dumping Facility MWTS Waste to Energy FS

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19 QC Controlled Dumping Facility MWTS Waste to Energy FS

20 QC Controlled Dumping Facility

21 QC Controlled Dumping Facility

22 LANDFILL GAS IN PAYATAS

23 Major challenge Payatas Controlled Dumpsite needs to be closed OpDon 1: Dispose waste in another landfill OpDon 2: Feasibility of Waste to energy? 23

24 Calorific value Component specific data Waste composidon % by weight Calorific value kj/kg wet waste fracdon Calcula*on NCV (net calorific value) kj/kg wet waste Paper 13.6% 7,452 1,016 Garden and Park Waste 21.0% 5,593 1,176 Food Waste 20.7% 2, TexDles 8.0% 13,053 1,039 Wood Waste 5.6% 6, PlasDcs 23.5% 31,190 7,330 Glass 1.6% 0 0 Metals 1.1% 0 0 Rubber 1.4% 19, Other 3.4% 0 0 Total 100.0% 11,675 24

25 Waste Frac*on Garden and Park Waste.88 Food Waste.93 RaDo of VS/TS VS/TS Primary Data Secondary Data Author Sample Source 0.88 b b California Energy Commission (2005) 0.97 c c Manios and StenDford (2004) 0.85 b b California Energy Commission (2005) 0.94 d e Kwon and Lee (2004) 0.89 d d Roa and Singh (2004) Wood Waste l l Jerger et. al. (1982) Green Waste (Norcal Waste Systems, Inc.) California, USA Gardens and Park (United Kingdom) Food Waste (Norcal Waste Systems, Inc.) California, USA University s Cafeteria - Cooked meals residue (Korea) Food waste from fruit and vegetable market (India) Various species of wood trees (Several states of USA) 25

26 Material flow Receiving area 1600 tpd SorDng Anaerobic DigesDon 700 tpd Power generadon 12 MW 3 MW Inert materials (rocks, ceramics, Dles) 55 tpd Glass 27 tpd Metals 17 tpd IncineraDon 801 tpd Power generadon 17 MW Compost 200 tpd Ash disposal 200 tpd 300 m3/d 9 MW 26

27 Issues for waste to energy opdon Closure of current dumpsite will affect waste pickers SiDng of facility (digester and/or incineradon) Social acceptability of incineradon Water requirements for digesdon and incineradon Needs land for ash disposal SorDng requires costs Market for compost 27

28 MARAMING SALAMAT! 28