Aeronautics Days 2006 / June 2006 / Vienna Austria

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2 12 partners: AUX- France RR - UK SIEMENS - UK KEMA Netherlands OPTOEL Romania FZK - Germany CNRS/PC2A - France BUW - Germany RWTH - Germany ULUND - Sweden UREADPH - UK NTUA - Greece 3 years project March 2004 to Feb. 2007

3 AIM: Demonstration of industrial applicability of nonintrusive measurement methods to determine hot exhaust composition during engine development and certification; - 1st objective: address quality and standardisation issues Remote optical techniques are recognised by the regulation authorities as a standard - 2nd objective: explore applications of the emissions measurement instrument Information on engine health from emissions

4 FTIR spectrometry, linked to a White mirror system for low concentration measurement: ICAO specified gases measurements Passive optical method based on spectral resolved measurement of radiation of molecules Emission mode, Scanning, multi-pass mode Laser Induced Incandescence LII Soot Particles measurements Active method based on radiation of heated particles Aeronautic engine Laser Camera Beam dump

5 Innovative activities: FTIR and LII calibration Single system capable of measuring in harsh engine environment Introduction of quality requirements for remote sensing techniques and of procedures with a view to certification

6 Radiometric calibration for accuracy and linearity determination: - in the test bed, - well characterised black body, - 3 black body temperature, Instrument Line Shape ILS- measurement for real spectral resolution determination: - CO cell with known concentration, - in the test bed, Retrieved cl (ppm m) Quantification with ideal ILS Concentration with theoretical ILS 3000 Retrieved cl (ppm m) Quantification with ILS model Concentration with measured ILS cl NH3 (ppm m) cl NH3 (ppm m)

7 Spectral noise reduction, by using optical filters: Spectral noise with filter Spectral noise without filter Noise reduction (%) P2P RMS P2P RMS P2P RMS Engine Impact of test bed environment: - ambiant air impact: Variation range - vibration impact: rack for the FTIR and the White mirror set-up improved; - automated control software; Signal variation Ambiant humidity 0 2.5% No impact Ambiant temperature 0 30 C +/- 0.03%

8 LII calibration on a kerozene burner: S LII B f v hc exp( λkt p ) 1 1 and K ext 6π E( m) = λ f v - Backward LII measurement (Equipment) - Right angle LII for soot vol. fraction profile - Extinction method for Kext determination Comparison Backward LII - Extinction method Right angle LII 1.2E E+05 LII Extinction 8.0E E E-07 Backward LII Extinction method LII Signal (u.a.) 8.0E E E E E E-07 Extinction (a.u.) 2.0E E+04 Preliminary results 1.0E-07 Burner 0.0E E Air entrance (a.u.)

9 FTIR in Aachen test bed Régime T (K) Concentration Ei (g/kg fuel) CO2 (%) CO (ppm) NO (ppm) NO2 (ppm) CO NO NO2 1 - Idle Cruise T-Off Index Emission en fonction du régime moteur Emission index function of engine thrust 5 80 EI Nox [g/kg fuel] EI CO [g/kg fuel] Engine Régimethrust NO NO2 CO Emission CO Transmission 0

10 LII in RR test bed RR small engine rpm ; E=130mJ rpm ; E=130mJ rpm ; E=130mJ Bottom CFR laser - differents speed engine 2,5E+05 2,0E+05 Top LII signal during start-up LII signal (a.u.) 1,5E+05 1,0E+05 LII (a.u.) 5,0E+04 0,0E Engine radius (cm) Times (sec)

11 Correlation between emission pattern changes and engine health: Method developed for fault diagnostic from emission concentration plots; Investigation on engines degradation and their effect on NOx emission; Relationship between engine performance and emission prediction adapted to the engine tested in Aachen

12 Perspectives for the third year of the project: To perform campaigns: in Aachen test bed (control of the complete system, benefits of improvements applied onto the equipment) in SIEMENS and RR test bed, for a use in real configuration To define operating procedure based on the QA/QC approach; To promote the acceptance of non-intrusive methods among airworthiness authorities via a report to SAE E31 committee, and ARP (Aerospace Recommended Practice) to CAEP WP3 group, and to ICAO;