Groundwater. Operational. as a Tool for Enhancing. Governance in the Arab by. Hydrology Program-UNESCO Cairo

Transcription

1 Developed Toolkit on Groundwater Operational Management as a Tool for Enhancing Groundwater Governance in the Arab by Dr. Abdelaziz Zaki Hydrology Program-UNESCO Cairo (aa.zaki@unesco.org)

2 Main Messages Towards Efficient Governance More decentralized and local level management of water resources is needed to ensure sustainable and efficient utilization of groundwater resources. Groundwater management with active stakeholder participation is the most promising approach of sound groundwater resource governance (Bottom-Top management) Capacity building of professional, public private stakeholder and end users in the field of groundwater operational management is an effective tool for better GW utilization and efficient participation and involvement towards good groundwater governance. Water management custom / traditional g knowledge should be the basis of GW governance.

3 Main Messages Towards Efficient Governance Develop capacity building and training material on non conventional water resources uses. Institutions and dynamic organizations are needed at all levels Cross-sectoral institution (Agr., dom., & Ind. Formal and informal institutions Informal institutions are important for: informal coordination activities, information gathering, setting of rules through h cooperation, and the monitoring and regulation of compliance

4 Water Scarcity in the Arab Region Water scarcity and inability to secure water demands Food security is 24% by year 2025 excluding climate change impacts The region needs to secure 550 billion m 3 of water in the year 2025 Water availability per Capita will decline in all Arab countries to approx. 500 cubic meters per year.

5 GROUNDWATER SUSTAINABILITY???

6 Groundwater Abstract as % of Total Water Consumption High dependency on GW for all sectors (Agr, Dom., Ind.) (from 40-to 80% in some countries)

7 Mean Annual Groundwater Recharge (mm/year) Very low recharge Recharge is less than 10mm/year in almost all countries

8 Degree of groundwater Development (Abstraction as % of Recharge) Over exploitation Abstract is greater than 200% of Recharge

9 Water is characterized by the fact that all benefit from it but few understand why and fewer actually manage it. (WWDR4, 2012) Most Arab countries suffer from chronic inadequacy of technical capacity and resources. (Water Governance Program for Arab State- UNDP)

10 Major Constraints for Effective Groundwater Governance in the Arab Region A. Technical Constraints: Poor groundwater monitoring systems and network design in addition to poor trained staff on data processing. Weak groundwater quality monitoring program and network design Lack of Groundwater pollution hazard assessment experience availability Lack of expertise in modeling ground water aquifers (Groundwater depletion/pollution: Recharge and abstraction)

11 Major Constraints for Effective Groundwater Governance in the Arab Region B. Legal and Institutional Constraints : Weak or poorly applied legislation for groundwater over exploitation (abstraction/pumping) and groundwater protection (pollution) leading to bad practices for well drilling permits and groundwater use rights Lack of local institutional framework and experience for groundwater management with special focus on controlling exploitation, drilling, extraction limits and land use control to prevent polluting activities (poor land use planning and management) Non existence of penalties and incentives frameworkfor for groundwater pollution prevention No cross sectoral coordination with agricultural development nor urbanandindustrial and planning (non existence of local cross sectoralsectoral aquifer management institution)

12 Major Constraints for Effective Groundwater Governance in the Arab Region C. Operational Constraints : Lack of Groundwater Management Action Plans g Low community based aquifer management involvement (public participation)

13 For improving IWRM policies and strategies in the Arab region with special focus on developing tools and applications for strengthening policies for water management towards efficient Governance Development of Groundwater Operational Management toolkit

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15 Expert Group Meeting on Groundwater Operational Management in the Arab region, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; January 2011 Jointly with ihisesco, ALECSO and Environment Agency Abu Dhabi. More than 15 regional high level experts in the field of groundwater operational management from 9 Arab countries, namely: Egypt, Bahrain, UAE, Sudan, Libya, Lebanon, Kuwait, Jordan, Morocco and Syria.

16 Main Objectives: The toolkit is a groundwater management knowledge and experience transfer tool to: Improve the management and operation skills of managers, technical staff in formal and non formal local authorities and the involved stakeholders in the water sector at ground and all levels towards a better GW governance. Improve capacities on how: to manage GW resources jointly with users based on field/operational best practices and traditional/customs experiences and knowledge; to generate operational actions necessary for better groundwater management and governance

17 Toolkit on Groundwater Operational Management Compile, collect and document field, practical / operational and traditional i experiences of groundwater management of the aquifer systems stems inthearab region. The toolkit covered the experiences in shallow and deep aquifers besides the existing trans boundary aquifers in the Arab region.

18 TARGET GROUP Decision makers, planners and senior managers Formal and non formal local authorities and the involved stakeholders in the water sector at all levels. Groundwater professionals at various levels. l Researchers and field investigators

19 The toolkit includes 13 technical modules covering the hydro geological and groundwater operational management fields, namely: Groundwater origin, occurrenceand flow Planning for the management of groundwater development Groundwater potential Investigations for managing groundwater development Wells and well fields design Implementation of wells Development of wells Monitoring and evaluation systems Groundwater and water well pollution Management of groundwater development Institutional and legal lapproaches for managing groundwater development Role of groundwater in disaster mitigation Awareness for appropriate management of groundwater development

20 Groundwater origin, occurrence and flow A simple introduction and clarification to groundwater for beginners and A simple introduction and clarification to groundwater for beginners and non-professionals (end users).

21 Toolkit as a capacity building tool (providing advices for operational actions) for enhancing: Appropriate planning of groundwater development and sustainable policies (2) Initial investigations of groundwater development projects to understand the various types of investigation means, their limits and outputs. (3) Design operational plans for groundwater development schemes. (4) Planning for the management of groundwater development Groundwater potential Investigations for managing groundwater development Wells and well fields design Implementation of wells Development of wells Monitoring and evaluation systems Groundwater and water well pollution Management of groundwater development

22 Toolkit as a capacity building tool (providing advices for operational actions) for enhancing: Wells and well fields investigations: appropriate selection of sites and water wells protection (5) Designing and monitoring of wells and wells fields in developing, operating and managing monitoring systems (6) Implementation of groundwater schemes (wells and well fields) (7) Developing, D l i operating and managing monitoring i systems (8) Assessing and monitoring the pollution problem (9) Evaluating land use impacts on groundwater quality for protecting the groundwater Planning resources for the from management deterioration. of groundwater (9) development Ensuring the sustainability of the resource and the sustainability of the infrastructure. (10) Testing the impacts of the various management Investigations strategies. (10) for managing groundwater Groundwater potential development Implementation of wells Wells and well fields design Monitoring and evaluation systems Development of wells Management of groundwater development Groundwater and water well pollution

23 Toolkit as a capacity building tool (providing advices for operational actions) for enhancing: Management of groundwater development to mitigate situations resulting from various types of risks/disasters associated with changes in water availability. (11) Role of groundwater in disaster mitigation

24 Toolkit as a capacity building tool (providing advices for operational actions) for enhancing: Appropriate allocation of the resource and its sustainability, defend water rights of groundwater (water wells) users (12) Monitoring the operation of the system and the protection of groundwater from any type of degradation. d (12) Institutional and legal approaches for managing groundwater development

25 Awareness for appropriate management of groundwater development The toolkit included awareness messages to : Politicians and Parliamentarians Decision makers aesin various water related eated sectors Water managers and professionals at various levels l The public in large

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27 Full operational search tool (using key words and number of volume)

28 For enhancing public awareness towards rational use, conservation and protection of water resources

29 For enhancing public awareness among school students towards rational use, conservation and protection of water resources Support of a water ethics awareness program covering 3 governorates in Egypt.

30 For enhancing public awareness among school students towards rational use, conservation and protection of water resources Preparation of informal water education material for schools students.

31 For enhancing public awareness among school students towards rational use, conservation and protection of water resources Preparation of informal water education material for schools students. Addressing different target groups covering the upper elementary, intermediate and secondary school age groups Covering water related stressing topics. Exchanging knowledge and experiences of water best practices and water ethics among school students. Different types of styles like case studies, short novels, attractive narrative and dialogues will be included in the developed material. UCO developed 2 D Still image Cartoon based on the developed short novels.

32 For enhancing public awareness among school students towards rational use, conservation and protection of water resources Initiation of On line Caricature Exhibition on Water Challenges

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34 Future Regional Collaborations Joint Cooperation with Ministries of Water Resources in disseminating and introducing the toolkit for GW operational management sectors Initiate public awareness campaigns Capacity building program for parliamentarian Capacity building program for parliamentarian for water policy and legislation development

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