PNS Pooled Fund Research. Inhibitor Longevity and Deicer Performance Study. Ron Wright - ITD Monty Mills WSDOT

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1 PNS Pooled Fund Research Inhibitor Longevity and Deicer Performance Study Ron Wright - ITD Monty Mills WSDOT

2 PNS Mission Statement The Pacific Northwest Snowfighters Association strives to serve the traveling public by evaluating and establishing specifications for products used in winter maintenance that emphasize safety, environmental preservation, infrastructure protection, costeffectiveness and performance.

3 PNS Targeted Points Safety Human Health Environmental Impacts Corrosion Anti-icing icing and Pre-wetting Benefits

4 PNS Targeted Points PNS has been a recognized pioneer in establishing and standardizing chemical products for snow and ice control. Corrosion inhibited products on the QPL are at least 70% less corrosive than straight salt.

5 Current Corrosion Perspective Products are tested to stringent standards in the laboratory. Corrosion inhibited products are less corrosive to mild steel than straight salt. Recommend to wash vehicles on a regular basis to further minimize chemical corrosiveness.

6 Background for Project The increased use of deicers has raised concerns about their effects on motor vehicles, transportation infrastructure and the environment. Each year the U.S. and Canada use approximately 20 million tons of deicers and spends 3.3 billion to keep the roads clear of snow and ice. Motorist and trucking associations are conscious of corrosion issues associated with the use of deicers.

7 Background for Project. On average, deicer corrosion cost per vehicle was estimated at $32 per year. Deicer salts are known to cause corrosion damage to transportation infrastructure. The cost of installing corrosion protection measures in new bridges and repairing old bridges in the Snowbelt states is estimated between $250 - $650 million annually. Indirect cost are estimated to be greater than ten times the cost of corrosion maintenance, repair and rehabilitation.

8 Background for Project.. Direct and indirect cost due to corrosion as a result of the use of chloride based deicers have led to the addition of corrosion inhibitors. The cost of providing inhibitors in deicing products has resulted in a cost increase of $15 50 dollars per ton. There are questions about the longevity of corrosion inhibitors working effectively in the field environment.

9 Background for Project Research is needed to investigate whether carbohydrates contribute to a True freeze point suppression. Research is needed to determine the potential benefit of inhibitors for ice melting capacity and the effective working temperature range of products.

10 Research Objectives The Transportation pooled Funds study aims to answer the following questions: What is the longevity of the corrosion inhibitors, when in storage or on the road? What is the duration the inhibitors remain with the deicers when applied to the road? What are the effects of storage (temperatures, UV intensity, exposure time, and type of deicer) on inhibitor longevity and effectiveness?

11 Research Objectives Do the inhibitors contribute to the freezing point suppression and/or improve the effectiveness of deicers? How does the laboratory test protocol correlate with the deicer performance in the field? What is the most effective product to use and its optimal application rate to combat ice formation, under each typical road weather scenario identified by the sponsor states?

12 Research Objectives Measure the rate of change in the salt- sand ratio over time when in storage. Cost Effectiveness Is the inclusion of inhibitors into deicers cost effective? What is the reasonable duration of protection expected of inhibitors? What is an acceptable level of deicer corrosivity?

13 Research Plan Phase One Determine the longevity of corrosion inhibitors in storage. Liquids in tanks, agitated and non-agitated. Solids in open piles and covered storage sheds. How long does an corrosion inhibitor stay functional after application? For black ice control. During a typical storm event.

14 Research Plan Phase Two - Evaluate the performance characteristics of deicers. Conduct field testing on the following: Inhibited and uninhibited products. Performance enhanced products.

15 Research Group Western Transportation Institute Montana State University MSU Sub-Zero Research Facility Cold Weather Test Bed in Lewistown, Montana (Transcend)

16 Organization Chart Steering Committee Technical Advisor Technical Advisory Committee Chemistry Sub-Group

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18 WTI Lewistown Cold Regions Test-bed Planned infrastructure: asphalt pavement, a weather station, snowmakers, snowplow, friction testing equipment, and winter maintenance applicators for both liquid and solid products Fully operational for winter research during the winter season B u ild in g Snow production

19 A Cold Region Rural Transportation Research Test Bed in Lewistown, MT

20 WTI Lewistown Cold Region Test-bed Estimated cost per storm: $20,000 ($6,700 per day) 3 storms targeted for Winter This site has ample space for side by side comparisons.

21 Task 1 Experimental design and planning. Lab investigations will include establishing rapid test methods. A preliminary understanding of the factors affecting the longevity and performance of corrosion inhibitors will be conducted. The MSU CE Department Sub-zero Research Facility will be utilized for Task 1. The field investigation will run concurrently with the lab investigation and will validate or supplement the lab research findings.

22 Task 2 Laboratory investigations began in February, Task 2 is broken down into 4 steps: 1. Methods to rapidly quantify chloride and inhibitor concentrations. 2. Methods to rapidly quantify corrosiveness of deicers. 3. Methods to rapidly quantify deicer performance. 4. Inhibitor longevity under laboratory conditions.

23 Task 2.1. Method to Rapidly Quantify Chloride Concentration Ag/AgCl sensor #1 vs SCE, mv Ag/AgCl sensor #2 vs SCE, mv 200 Ag/AgCl Sensor vs SCE, mv log [NaCl%]

24 Task 2.1. Method to Rapidly Quantify Inhibitor Concentrations Optical Density via Ultraviolet-visible visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS) Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) Gas Chromatography (GC)

25 Task 2.1. Method to Rapidly Quantify Inhibitor Concentrations

26 Task 2.2. Method to Rapidly Quantify Corrosivity of Deicers Standard curves for each type of deicer: S1: Percent Corrosion Rate (PCR) as a function of the corrosion potential ( (E corr ) and the corrosion current density ( (i corr ) S2: E corr and corr i as a function of chloride and inhibitor concentrations

27 Task 2.3. Method to Rapidly Quantify Deicer Performance Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermograms to identify deicer performance. Utilizes a technique that measures the energy necessary to maintain a near-zero temperature difference between the test substance and an inert reference material, with the two materials subjected to an identical temperature pattern (heating, cooling, or constant).

28 Task 2.3. Method to Rapidly Quantify Deicer Performance Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Provide insight into products freezing/thawing behavior. Good indicator of effective temperature and ice-melting capacity DSC thermogram: a reliable QA tool for deicer products Lab experiments with DSC Deicers w/ or w/o inhibitors: : any change in deicing potential? Deicers at various concentrations: : best product to use and optimal application rate for varying field conditions Correlation with field results DSC a reliable tool to quantify and compare field performance of deicer products.

29 Task 2.3. Method to Rapidly Quantify Deicer Performance

30 Task 2.4. Inhibitor Longevity under Lab Conditions Utilize the MSU Sub-Zero Research Facility to research how dilution, UV intensity and duration, temperature, and exposure time affect the longevity and performance of the corrosion inhibitors. A viable link between inhibitor concentration and PCR data will be made. Ensure historical PNS corrosion testing and product qualification remain viable Allow for test result duplication and national recognition of this research effort and testing procedure

31 Fish Diagram

32 Task 3 Field Monitoring 1. Longevity of the corrosion inhibitor during storage. Covered and uncovered storage sites for solids Agitated and non-agitated storage tanks for liquids 6 total tanks (3 agitated and 3 non agitated). 2. Field Operational Test Field trials during Three artificial storms and one natural.

33 Products to be evaluated Field Sampling CI liquid MgCl 2, CI liquid CaCl 2,CI liquid NaCl, and solid CI NaCl deicers. Meteorological data to be collected with RWIS Ambient air temperature, precipitation type and amount, water content of the precipitation (snow pack), light intensity including UV spectral s intensity, duration of sunlight, relative humidity, and wind speed ed and direction Pavement Temperature: by RWIS or mobile sensors A B C D E control

34 Progress Several new personnel have joined the team to assist in this project. Six 3000 gallon poly storage tanks have delivered, set up and plumbed. Planning and coordinating with vendors to deliver product. The buildings for two of the pads (solid deicer) began to be constructed in April. Necessary information has been obtained from the deicer manufacturers to duplicate or develop methods to rapidly quantify the inhibitor concentration.

35 Deicer Tanks At Lewistown

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37 Plastic Lined Gravel Pads This pad will hold 25 tons of salt-sand blend.

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44 Research Time Line Develop methods to quantify deicer performance. Ice melting, ice penetration and undercutting are not very reproducible and time consuming to run. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Study inhibitor longevity under laboratory conditions. MSU Sub-zero Research Facility UV intensity and duration, dilution, temperature, and exposure time.

45 Research Time Line Lewistown, Montana Municipal Airport Segment roadway for different products. Conduct controlled weather events for snow and black ice. Measure chemical parameters, note performance characteristics including frictional data. Submit Research Report

46 Calendar Year / Month Tasks Milestones Task 0. Project Management Project kickoff* Oct-07 Task 1. Experiment Design and Planning Task 2. Laboratory Investigation Task 2.1. Methods to Rapidly Quantify Chloride and Inhibitor Concentrations Task 2.2. Method to Rapidly Quantify Corrosivity of Deicers Task 2.3. Method to Rapidly Quantify Deicer Performance Task 2.4. Inhibitor Longevity under Laboratory Conditions Task 3. Field Investigation Task 3.1. Inhibitor Longevity: Storage Monitoring and Cost-Benefit Analysis Task 3.2. Deicer Performance: Field Application Task 4. Project Reporting End of each Quarterly progress reports quarter Project Timeline Draft final report Jul-10 Final report w/ executive summary Sep-10

47 Conclusions Answer the big questions? Are corrosion inhibitors made to pass the PNS test or are they really working in the field? Is laboratory testing data supported by field results? What defines a performance based product?

48 Potential New Specifications Develop new specifications surrounding the longevity of corrosion inhibitors in deicer products. Develop new specifications for performance based deicers.

49 Pacific Northwest Snowfighters Pacific Northwest Chemical Deicer Buyer and User Group