PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COOLING TOWER IN PROCESS INDUSTRY

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1 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COOLING TOWER IN PROCESS INDUSTRY Ygnesh S. Anchn, Srfrz M. Khn, Shym P. Ld 3, Drshnesh B. Ptel 4, Dhruv V. Ptel 5, Jhnbux Mnek Vriv 6 B.E, Mechnicl Engineering, MGITER, Gujrt, Indi B.E, Mechnicl Engineering, MGITER, Gujrt, Indi B.E, Mechnicl Engineering, MGITER, Gujrt, Indi B.E, Mechnicl Engineering, MGITER, Gujrt, Indi B.E, Mechnicl Engineering, MGITER, Gujrt, Indi Assistnt Professor, Mechnicl Engineering, MGITER, Gujrt, Indi ABSTRACT The performnce of Cooling Towers is of mssive importnce for lrge number of process industries tht must depend upon Cooling Towers s their only mens of wste het rejection. But still, the performnces of Cooling Towers hve been problemtic. Normlly they re used to dissipte het from het sources to the het sink. The cooling of hot liquid wstge nd process wter is required from reuse nd environmentl point of view. The effectiveness of Cooling Tower relies on flow rtes of ir nd wter temperture. In this evlution of the performnce of Cooling Towers the cooling tower locted t one of the unit of M/s. Arti Industries Ltd. The im is to nlyze the performnce of Cooling Tower nd give the optimum solution tht would reduce the monitoring input. Keyword: - Cooling Tower, Wet Bulb Temperture, Induced Drft etc. Introduction Cooling tower is n essentil nd useful prt for mny process plnts. The essentil purpose of cooling tower is to remove het into the surrounding. It represents reltively dependble nd economicl mens of rejecting low-grde het from cooling wter. To fill up gin wter lost to evportion the mke-up wter source is used. Hot wter from het exchngers is received by cooling tower. The wter deprtures from the cooling tower which is return to the het-exchngers or to other sections for dditionl cooling. Fig. represents the prototypicl closed loop cooling tower system. Fig- Power Plnt Lyout

2 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) Clssifiction of Cooling Tower Fig- clssifiction of cooling Tower Cooling towers cn be clssified into two min types: Nturl drft nd Mechnicl drft. Nturl drft cooling towers use very huge chimneys, which is mde up of concrete, to plced ir through the chnnel. Due to the huge size of these towers, they re bsiclly used for wter flow rtes higher thn 45,000 m 3 /hr. The utility power sttion uses these types of towers. A mechnicl drft tower uses lrge fns. The lrge fn is sucking or force ir cross circulted wter. To increse the contct time between the wter nd the ir nd to mximize het trnsfer between wter nd ir, the wter drop down bove fill surfces is used. Cooling speed of Mechnicl drft towers rely upon their fn dimeter nd speed of opertion. Since, these type cooling towers re much widely used. Literture Review B. Bhvni Si, et l, [] hs done work on DESIGN OF COOLING TOWER in this reserch-pper description of induced-drft cooling tower of counter-flow type hving effectiveness, chrcteristics, efficiency re clculted. The required dt hs been cquired from the mechnicl-drft cooling tower. It is used for evportion of which some quntity of wter is evported into ir strem. From this following prmeters re considered: Cooling Rnge, Approch to WBT, Mss flow-rte of wter, WBT, Air Velocity through tower, Height of Tower

3 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) He hs work on cooling tower pproch of 3 C to 8 C nd Rnge of 40 C to 3 C. And on this bsis he hd clculted therml clcultions of cooling tower. Ronk Shh, et l, [] hs done work on THERMAL DESIGN OF COOLING TOWER in this reserch-pper it give detil description of this device which is used to evporte het from power genertion source. Refrigertion nd Air Conditioning it offers best lterntive in loction where cooling wter cnnot be obtin esily from nturl sources. Therml performnce of cooling tower cn be increse using different techniques. During the evportion the necessry het is tken from the wter which condenses the wter returns to originl bsin wter temperture nd wter is recirculte, The dissolved slt is evported in the quntity of wter which isn t been evported, due to this slt consolidtion is incresed. To prevent the slt consolidtion becoming too high, quntity of wter is tken of for the disposl nd thereby mking fresh wter supply to recompense for the loss of evported wter nd drw-off wter. Bhupeshkumr Ydv, et l, [3] hs done work on EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COOLING TOWER in this reserch-pper Cooling tower is n importnt component of refrigertion nd ir-conditioning. Temperture of hot wter strem is reduced nd thus it is relese to the surrounding. It contins min working im nd principle of cooling tower nd vrious prmeters like Approch, Effectiveness, Evportion loss nd Rnge. For lrge cpcity system wter is used s cooling medi for condenser, so temperture of wter rises so it cn be cooled for use gin. For cooling device is used known s cooling tower. The surfce of cooling tower is fbricted of MS sheet. Front side is provided with Perspex sheet for visuliztion. Hot wter is induced from the top. So tht wter cn be distributed over the zigzg shpe wire-mesh pcking. Y. A. Li And M. Z. Yu, et l, [4] hs done work on THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL WITH AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE COUNTERFLOW CLOSED CIRCUIT COOLING TOWERS in this reserch-pper description of counter-flow close circuit cooling tower re developed the ltest cooling tower hve importnt fetures like pure wter, low noise, sfety, energy effective. Performnce curve of cooling tower is tken nd it is predominntly clculted so tht outlet temperture of cooling wter vries with spry wter flow-rte. The cooling wter in this device is relesed to ir which is being polluted due to which cooling cpcity of refrigertor decreses. So it is necessry to develop new cooling tower tht not only cools wter but lso keep cooling wter being polluted. From theory nd experiment study it hs been concluded tht cooling cpcity of cooling wter increses by incresing the spry wter-rte t sme time it hs little effect on cooling cpcity. Xinming Xi, et l, [5] hs done work in OPTIMAL DESIGN OF LARGE SCALE DRY COOLING WATER WITH CONSIDERATION OF OFF-DESIGN OPERATION. Mny fctors cn influence the performnce nd design of indirect ir cooling system of power-plnt. By optimiztion tower with finer structure is used conduct therml nlysis of influence of mbient temp., speed of wind nd sturted exhust flow-rte on bck pressure of turbine. Fig- 3 The reltionships between,,

4 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) Fig- 4 The reltionships between,, Fig- 5 The reltionships between,, Xioni Qi, et l, [6] hs done work in EXERGY BASED PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A SHOWER COOLING TOWER. In typicl cooling tower fills mteril ct s medi of het nd mss trnsfer through which wste is rejected from the system, In fill fouling is the importnt fctor ffecting therml performnce which reduces its efficiency on the other end slt deposition performnce of cooling tower declines fter n intervl of time. Fig- 6 Temperture profiles of Humidity, wter nd ir rtio profile through the SCT & Exergy of wter temperture profiles through the SCT

5 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) Fig- 7 Effect of tower height on wter Exergy through the SCT & Effect of ir velocity on Exergy destruction through the SCT (Dimeter is 5 mm) J.smrekr,et l, [7] hs done work in METHODOLG OF EVALUATION OF COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE-PART :DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY in this reltion between device power output nd performnce is estblished.in his methodology empiricl model re focused the methodology is vilble on rel dt from power-plnt nd cooling tower smll mintennce t the cooling tower hs problem of broken pssges, plug spryers, growing lge which reduces het nd mss trnsfer of cooling tower their by reduces the efficiency. Tble : Nominl vlue of Stem Turbine Prmeters Nominl vlues Revolution/min Power/MW 345 Pressure of fresh stem/br 77 Pressure of reheted stem/br 4 Temperture of fresh stem/ C 537 Temperture of reheted stem/ C 537 Tble : Nominl vlue of Condenser Prmeters Nominl vlues Het trnsfer re/m3 7,00 Condenser tubing/mm Nominl pressure/br 0.05 Cooling wter mss flow/(t/h) 35,300 Condenste Mss flow/(t/h) 588 Cooling wter temperture rise/ C 8 J.smrekr, et l, [8] hs done work in METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE PART :APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY AND COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF POPPE EQUATION. The device not only increse the cooling tower efficiency but lso increse the power input s function of cooling tower temperture nd lod. In typicl power-plnt hlf of the energy convey by fuel is rejected, thus improvement in het rejection my contribute in sving of fuel s the flow of energy supply is lrge. L.Lu,et l, [9] hs done work in A UNIVERSAL ENGINEERING MODEL FOR COOLING TOWERS in this formultion of counter-flow nd cross-flow cooling towers re prepred.it hs the benefits of nd new input vribles nd better description. There re no itertive clcultions required

6 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) Fig- 8 Comprison of HT effectiveness of two models, Counter-flow type Cooling Tower models & Cross-flow type Cooling Tower models R. Rmkumr, et l, [0] hs done work in THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF FORCED DRAFT COUNTER FLOW WET COOLING TOWER WITH EXPANDED WIRE MESH PACKING This reserch-pper presents n experimentl exmintion of the therml performnce of forced-drft counter-flow wet cooling tower with expnded wire mesh type pcking. The pcking used in this work is wire mesh with verticl [VOWMP] nd horizontl [HOWMP] orienttions. The pcking hve.5 m height nd hving zigzg form. From the experiments there is concluded tht the verticl orienttion of the pcking increse the performnce of the cooling tower. 3 Clcultion 3.. COOLING TOWER APPROACH: CTA (Outlet tempertureof wter) - (Wet Bulb temperture.( 3.. COOLING TOWER RANGE: CTR (Inlet Temperture of wter ) - (Outlet temperture of 3..3 MASS OF WATER: MW ( Mss flow rte) (Density of wter(kg/hr)) 3..4 HEAT LOSS BY WATER: H L H W C pw ( T ) T Where, T = inlet temp of wter ( C) T = outlet temp of wter ( C) 3..5 VOLUME OF THE AIR REQUIRED (V): V H H W W H L V s C pw ( T T ) C pw T 0 C )) wter( Where, H =Enthlpy of ir t inlet temp. (KJ/Kg) H =Enthlpy of ir t outlet temp. (KJ/Kg) W = Specific humidity of ir t inlet temp. (Kg/Kg of ir) 0 C ))

7 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) W = Specific humidity of ir t outlet temp. (Kg/Kg of ir) 3..6 HEAT GAINED BY AIR (HG): H H W W V C HG Vs where, V s =specific volume of ir t inlet (m 3 /Kg) 3..7 MASS OF AIR (M): M V V s 3..8 MAKE UP WATER: M mke V W V s W Where, V s =Specific volume of ir t outlet (m 3 /Kg) 3..9 VELOCITY OF WATER IN PIPE (VW): V W 0 D 4 Where, D = Inside dimeter of Pipe 3..0 COOLING TOWER CHARACTERSTICS: K V M w T pw T 4 h h h3 h h T T Vlue of Hw H t T 0. h T T Vlue of Hw H t T 0. 4 h T T 3 Vlue of Hw H t T 0. 4 h T T 4 Vlue of Hw H t T COOLING TOWER EFFICIENCY: T T T WBT 3.. COOLING TOWER EFFECTIVENESS: T T T T T

8 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) Where, T =inlet temp. of ir ( C) 3..3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOSSES: DRIFT LOSS (DL) 0.0 MW DL 00 WINDAGE LOSS (WL): WL M w EVAPORATIVE LOSS: EL M w T T BLOW DOWN LOSS: EL BL Cycles No.of Cycles Where, XC = concentrtion of solids in circulting wter XM = concentrtion of solids in mke-up wter WATER BALANCE EQUATION: M WL EL OL XC M XM M EL XC XM 4 CONCLUSIONS In this pper methodology for evlution of Cooling Tower performnce nd different literture survey from different reserch pper is presented. Cooling Tower is used to reduce the temperture of hot fluid strem. It is minly used in ir conditioning plnt, Chemicl Plnts etc. The design of cooling tower is closely relted to tower chrcteristics nd different types of losses generted in cooling tower. Min fctors tht ffect thermodynmic performnce of the counter flow closed circuit cooling tower re spry wter, ir flow rte nd ir wet bulb temperture if its structure is designed. Evportion loss nd Effectiveness re two importnt performnce prmeters of Cooling Tower. Cooling Tower performnce increses with increse in ir flow rte nd chrcteristics decreses with increse in wter to ir mss rtio. In Verticl Orienttion Wire-Mesh Pcking the wter droplets re split into fine size compred with Horizontl Orienttion Wire-Mesh Pcking. So, the Verticl Orienttion Wire-Mesh Pcking is hving better performnce thn Horizontl Orienttion Wire-Mesh Pcking in Cooling Tower. 5 REFERENCES [] B Bhvni Si, I Swthi, K S L Prsnn, K Srinivs Ro, Design Of Cooling Tower, Interntionl Journl of Scientific & Engineering Reserch, Volume 4, Issue 5, My ISSN [] Ronk Shh, TruptiRthod, Therml Design Of Cooling Tower, Interntionl Journl of Advnced Engineering Reserch nd StudiesE-ISSN [3] Bhupesh Kumr Ydv, S. L. Soni, Experimentl Study of the Performnce of Cooling Tower ISSN: , Volume-4 Issue-, December 04 [4] Y.A. Li nd M.Z. Yu, F.W. Shng, P. Xie, The Development Of A Mthemticl Model With An Anlyticl Solution Of The Counter flow Closed Circuit Cooling Tower, Interntionl Journl on Architecturl Science, Volume, Number 3, p.0-,

9 Vol-3 Issue-6 07 IJARIIE-ISSN(O) [5] Xinming Xi, Lei Yng, Ynn He, Lijun Yng, Xioze Du, Optiml design of lrge scle dry cooling tower with considertion of off-design opertion The 6th Interntionl Conference on Applied Energy ICAE04 [6] Xioni Qi, Yongqi Liu,Zhenyn Liu,Exergy Bsed Performnce Anlysis of Shower Cooling TowerStrojniškivestnik - Journl of Mechnicl Engineering 59(03)4, 5-59 [7] J. Smrekr, I. Kustrin, J. Omn, Methodology for evlution of cooling tower performnce Prt : Description of the methodology, Energy Conversion nd Mngement 5(0) , July 0. [8] J. Smrekr, A. Senegecnik, C. Fuhrer, Methodology for evlution of cooling tower performnce Prt : Appliction of the methodology nd computtionl spects of Poppe equtions, Energy Conversion nd Mngement 5(0) , July 0. [9] L. Lu, W. Ci, A Universl Engineering Model For Cooling Towers, (00). Interntionl Refrigertion nd Air Conditioning Conference. Pper 65. [0] R. Rmkumr A. Rgupthy, Therml Performnce of Forced Drft Counter Flow Wet Cooling Tower with Expnded Wire MeshPckingInterntionl Journl on Technicl nd Physicl Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Issuse. 6, Vol. 3, No., Mr