Climate Change Policies and Actions in the Ocean and Fisheries Sector of the Republic of Korea

Transcription

1 THE EAST ASIAN SEAS CONGRESS 2015 Climate Change Policies and Actions in the Ocean and Fisheries Sector of the Republic of Korea Lee Suk Hui Korea Marine Environment Management Corp. 1

2 Contents 1. Global and Regional Level Climate Change Trends 2. Climate Change Response Efforts of Korea 3. Ocean and Fisheries Sector Implementation Practices 2

3 Global and Regional Level Climate Change Trends 3

4 Observations and projections of global climate change under IPCC AR5 Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. Global mean temperature has increased by 0.85 over the period between 1880 to Sea surface temperature has increased by 0.11 per decade over the period between 1971 to Sea level rose by 19cm over the period between 1901 to Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all components of the climate system. Scenario Global, Ocean, SL rise, cm Remark RCP [ ] 1.5[ ] 47[32-63] 538ppm in CO 2 (stabilization scenario) RCP [ ] 3.1[ ] 63[45-82] 936ppm in CO 2 (no-climate policy scenario) * 2081~2100 global mean relative to the reference period between 1986~2005 4

5 Observations and projections of global climate change under IPCC AR5 5

6 Observations of Climate change in Korea Temperature and sea level in the Korean peninsula and surrounding ocean area have risen Temperature increased by 1.2 over the period between 1981 to 2010 Sea surface temperature increased by 1.3 over the period between 1968 to 2008 Sea level rose by 8cm over the period between 1964 to 2006 The surface layer acidification has been reported to be in progress within the East Sea Sea level rise over the period 1993 to 2008 p CO 2 (a) and ph(b) in the East sea over the period 1995 to 2004 Sea surface temperature over the period 1880 to

7 Projections of climate change in Korea The mean temperature rises faster in Korea than the global and East Asian region by 20 and 40 %, respectively Scenario Mean temp. Sea level rise in the East sea* Sea level rise in the Yellow and South sea* RCP cm 53cm RCP cm 65cm * 2071~2100 mean relative to the reference period ( ) RCP 4.5 RCP 8.5 Projected sea level rise for the period of Annual mean temperature in Korea for the period of Source) KMA,

8 Climate Change Response Efforts of Korea 8

9 National Policies and Actions Internationally, Reducing greenhouse gas voluntarily as a leading developing country Suggested NAMA(Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action) scheme Announced voluntary mitigation target by 2020 in 2009 Proactive movements such as establishing the Global Green Growth Institute(GGGI), attributing GCF secretariats, and stronger involvement within the IPCC Domestically, Constituted government-wide task force to cope with UNFCCC mandates and established a comprehensive plan every 3 years ( 98-08) Enacted the Framework Law of Low Carbon Green Growth in 2010 Specific targets identified in 2011 Launched a nation-wide emission trading scheme in

10 National Efforts to contribute UNFCCC INDCs of Korea Reduce GHG by 37% from the BAU level (850.6MTCO 2 eq.) by 2030 How to reduce GHG? 14.7% through implementing sectoral GHG reduction plan such as increasing renewable energy supply, introducing average fuel consumption standard for automobiles, energyefficient building design etc. 4.5% through reducing coal-based power generation, introducing energy management system(ems) to industrial plants and commercial buildings etc. 6.5% through Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS), green car, nuclear power etc. 11.3% through international carbon market How to adapt? Developed national climate change adaptation plan in 2010 Implementing strategic actions to strengthen adaptive capacity in subnational and local level 10

11 Ocean and Fisheries Sector Implementation Practices 11

12 Master plan for climate change response within the ocean and fisheries sector 1 st plan to cope with climate change within the ministerial level ( 01) 4 parts 19 projects (monitoring and projection / greenhouse gas reduction / impact and response / enhancing international cooperation) Based on MOF s existing projects and objectives 2 nd plan to strengthen research & development, capacity building aspects ( 07) 5 parts 15 strategic projects (adaptation in coastal areas / adaptation to the changes in fisheries resources / greenhouse gas reduction / strengthen scientific basis on ocean climate change / capacity building to cope with climate change) 15 detailed strategies linked with 15 research projects Divided into two sectors : ocean sector as a part of the MLTM s climate change response plan( 08) and the fisheries sector as a part of the MIFAFF s climate change response plan ( 11) 12

13 Framework of the 2 nd master plan to cope with climate change in ocean and fisheries sector 2 nd master plan Coastal adaptation Fisheries adaptation GHG reduction Strengthen scientific basis Capacity building Management of - Coastal land and industry - Maritime logistics scheme - Environment and ecosystem - Observation and projection of fisheries change -Managing fisheries resources - Food security and fisher protection -Ocean renewable energies -GHG storage and sink -GHG inventory - Energy efficiency Developing technologies for -observing ocean changes - projections - Technology management and utilization -Developing human resources -Enhancing international co. -Integrated management system Management of coastal environment and ecosystem Projection and mitigation of coastal changes Preventing coastal vulnerability Observation and projection of the change of fisheries resources Technologies to manage natural resources Technologies to manage aquaculture resources Ocean energy development Technology development for offshore CO 2 storage Technology to reduce CO 2 emission Observation of ocean circulation and sea level change Projection of physical ocean changes Observation and projection of ocean ecosystem changes Developing ocean climate change awareness contents Developing Adaptation inventory Establishing GHG inventory 13

14 Implemented Policies MOF Coastal adaptation Fisheries adaptation GHG reduction Strengthen scientific basis Capacity building coastal disaster vulnerability assessment Coastal inundation mapping coastal sensitivities to climate change Making a safe port from disasters preventing coastal erosion coastal adaptation certification program guideline for coastal spatial planning projection of ecosystem impacts Productivity assessment of tidal flat Monitoring of red tide, harmful organisms and reducing impact Strategy for fisheries response assessing aquaculture environment Ocean CCS Developing ocean energy Making greenport Green-ship certification GHG management in coastal shipping Substituting lamp of fishing vessel to LED Developing ocean sink Projection of ocean climate change in the North Pacific Ocean ecosystem changes and finding causes technology dev. to cope with climate change in Port reduction technologies to reduce GHG emission from ship delicate analysis of sea level shift developing ocean climate change awareness contents(online simulators, textbooks) Knowledge sharing through workshop, seminars etc. GHG inventory of fisheries 14

15 Actions : Mid-term Projections of Ocean Climate Change in the North Pacific projections of climate change in the North Pacific and marginal seas around the Korean Peninsula(based on the IPCC AR4 A1B scenario) Ocean temperature in the East Sea is projected to rise due to the increase of heat carried by the Tsushima warm current into the East Sea Item North Pacific East Sea Yellow Sea East China Sea Sea Surface Temp., Sea Surface Sal., psu response prediction of coastal areas or estuaries to change in offshore forcing item Ulsan Gwangyang Remark Avg. watershed temp., SST increase, 0.8~ Considering 50cm Saturation Strengthened SLR Intrusion of salt wedge Moves to upstream within 2~4km 15

16 Actions : Ocean temperature projections in Korean seas Sea temperature changes for the period of (surface, 50m, 100m, 500m depth) 16

17 Actions : Ecosystem changes in the Korean southern ocean Tropical blacklip pearl oyster habitation in Jeju island Alveopora japonica, subtropical coral species, has expanded around the Jeju island showing increased skeletal growth rate, annual recruitment rate etc. Ocean temperature will increase 2~3 by strengthened Tsushima warm current in 2100(physical model) Fisheries resources will decrease over 4% in 2100 by decreasing total biomass of invertebrate and fish group over 5%, 10% respectively(ecosystem model) A. Japonica in Jeju island 17

18 Actions : Coastal vulnerability assessment(ongoing) Implementation of the Coastal Disaster Assessment System(CDAS) Three coastal vulnerability indices; Coastal Hazard Vulnerability Index(CHVI), Coastal Environmental Vulnerability Index(CEVI), and Coastal Sustainable Development Index(CSDI) were developed to assess the coastal vulnerability quantitatively. Coastal vulnerability assessment has completed for 115 local areas considering sea level rise, intensification of typhoons or hurricanes due global warming and climate change etc. Conducted coastal inundation mapping for 141 local areas(51 local governments) considering surge with frequency of 50yrs, 100yrs, 150yrs, and 200yrs etc. CHVI of Busan(left) and Yeosu(right) Coastal inundation map of Busan present(left) / mid-21 st (center) / late-21 st (right) 18

19 개체수 ( 10 3 cells/l) 출현종수 Workshop Title:Managing Risks in Climate Change and Disasters in the Seas of East Asia Actions : Coastal sensitivities to climate change in southern Korea Climate change is on going Warming rate is different in each site In the Gamak, Gwangyang bays Sea temperature increased during the last 15 years Biomass and species of phytoplankton have increased In the Deukryang, Wando.doam bays Sea temperature increased relatively slow Sea temperature changes in Gamak bay 연도 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 Wando Doam bay Deukryang bay Gwangyang bay Gamak bay 겨울봄여름가을여름가을겨울봄봄여름가을겨울 ~ ~2010 조사시기 ( 연도 ) Species and biomass(cells) changes of phytoplankton in Gamak bay 19

20 Actions : Prevention of coastal disasters Introduction of a management program for coastal erosion zones through amending the coastal management law Port design amendment relating to ocean climate change Recalculation of wave height for designing port and coastal facilities etc. Developing technologies and guidelines to improve existing port design manual Safety evaluation and wave height review for 82 harbors Increased the wave-heights for design in 49 harbors Additional coverings to withstand powerful typhoons Making a safe port from disasters(aramir Project) Prevention planning for disasters in 22 ports Mitigating inundation by installing disaster prevention facilities such as gates, dune, seawall Upgraded dikes for vulnerable ports from inundation Creating waterfront space for ports 20

21 [ 우선고려국내 Workshop Title:Managing Risks in Climate Change and Disasters in the Seas of East Asia Actions : Offshore CO 2 storage (Ocean CCS) Mapping storable areas for CO 2 stream and selecting demonstration site Process design for transportation and injection for ocean CCS project Technology development for safety assessment Establishing monitoring methodologies and technologies to identify stored CO 2 behaviors Developing technologies to evaluate environmental hazard of offshore CO 2 storage Transportation injection storage monitoring Schematic image of ocean CCS China(Bohai bay) Kunsan basin Ulleung basin CO 2 storable area in the ocean Jeju basin Practical scenarios for ocean CCS 21

22 Actions : CO 2 emission reduction using ocean resources Ocean energy utilization Technology development and demonstration for tidal power, sea current power, wave power, offshore wind power, OTEC etc. Plan to occupy 4.7% of national new and renewable energy supply by 2030 Ocean biomass energy utilization making biodiesel from seaweed, algae etc. producing biogas(h 2 ) using thermophillic marine bacteria(ex, thermococcus onnurineus NA1) Marine afforestation 5,908ha afforestation over the period between to improve fishing as well as CO 2 sink Future expansion plans to 54,000ha by 2030 Marine afforestation 22

23 Actions : CO 2 emission reduction from ship or shipping Implementing energy and GHG target management system for coastal shipping Setting targets submitting implementation plan MRV(Measurement, Reporting, Verification) adjusting targets for next year 2 coastal shipping companies which emits over 50,000t CO 2 eq. are undergoing TMS Plan to reduce 181,000t CO 2 eq. by 2020 Building Green Ports : gas reduction, energy efficient, and nature-friendly ports(busan, Incheon etc.) Using electric yard crane, LNG yard tractor etc. Switching to energy conserving lamps(led lamp) Inducing AMP(alternative maritime power) during anchoring in the port Diesel Y/T to LNG Y/T Dissemination of LED lamps to fishing vessels as a source of saving energy Developed energy conserving, high performance LED lamps targeted for fishing anchovy, squid etc. Expect to conserve 30,240tons of fossil fuel used by 1,200 fishing vessels ( 20) 23

24 Improvement of sectoral policies and actions Revising the 2 nd plan to strengthen governance 3 rd master plan for coping with climate change in ocean and fisheries sector ( 15) Performance analysis of the 2 nd plan implementation Review policies, actions, governances of other countries as well as different sectors Analysis of environmental management and outlook Establishing the long-term action plan(20 yrs) for cost-effective climate change response As wrap up, All countries(developing and developed) need to participate in GHG emission reduction and adaptation depending on the decision of COP21(new protocol for post-2020) Improve projection for regional level by strengthening cooperation in climate change monitoring and information sharing Cooperate to develop and disseminate good practices for climate change adaptation in coastal communities as well as reducing GHG emission within the ocean and fisheries sector 24

25 Thank you for your attention 25