AIT Austrian Institute of Technology

Transcription

1 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Method to assess the load shifting potential by using buildings as a thermal storage Florian Judex Sustainable Building Technology AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology

2 Content What is a load shifting and why we (will) need it Load shifting using buildings the simulation model results conclusions and outlook

3 What is load shifting load shifting is an attempt to move an energy demand in either time or space to point where it can be satisfied (more conveniently for the grid) can be generalized as demand response In demand response, energy consumers will change their consumption according to the current production according to the needs of the local grid (load, voltage, frequency) the major incentives will be (California: are) financial, but will be enforced through a regulatory framework 21/10/2013 3

4 Why we (will) need load shifting Europe: To reach the goals, the of share renewables is increasing wind and photovoltaic production which cannot be controlled (legal boundary conditions) and only estimated also the share of distributed generation leads to local balancing needs e.g. California: the grid already is at it s limits with respect to load Germany: 35% [1] share of solar and wind power planned Five fold increase: 80GW [1] installed capacity Could cover the overall energy production on certain days Storage needed for base load powerplants, which should not be turned off [1] VDE-Studie: Demand Side Integration - Lastverschiebungspotenziale in Deutschland 21/10/2013 4

5 Focus on wind power (~7% of installed capacity in GER) Actual Generation Estimated Generation Source: EEX Transparency Platform Source: EEX Transparency Platform Today: Difference: up to 50% or 2000 MW 21/10/2013 5

6 Demand Response Using Buildings Building HVAC systems use 11% of the electrical Energy in Europe Most of the energy is converted into thermal energy Another part is used as auxiliary energy in close connection to the thermal energy Thermal Energy is comparably easy to store locally Envisioned scenario: Source: Project Building2Grid 21/10/2013 6

7 But what is the actual potential?

8 Method: Dynamic simulation of large building ensembles

9 deriving the parameters models base on age and size according to Statistik Austria data characteristic from local studies provided parameters, e.g. [Siegel, 2012]: characteristic lengths [Leutgöb, 2012]: window area [GEA 2000]: u-values data from Salzburg AG: installed heating power use standard geometries simulate in TRNSYS fit parameters to results 21/10/2013 9

10 example from upper austria

11 results(1) change in power Electricity con nsumption/mw normal operation load shifting request Time/h Demand Side Response/MW Time/h

12 results(2) nearly no energy savings only from slightly lower indoor temperature 2 x 104 no control 1.95 control Thermal losses/kw Time/d

13 statistical evaluation simulation repeated for 40 to 800 buildings average reduction: 12,2 KW / building variance: holds for any number of buildings numbers realistic, according to experts from DSOs 21/10/

14 conclusions event simple load shedding under severe constraints already has nonnegligible effect this configuration can be easily realized, using e.g. ripple control may be a suitable intermediate technology, because of the large amount of direct electrical heating and night-storages still existing those already have tariff schemes allowing load shedding in a certain extend e.g. Salzburg: two times one hour per day 21/10/

15 Outlook code optimized to be able to perform parameter studies for whole counties (~20000 buildings) a large scale field test using domestic customers in Bornholm (Denmark) is currently underway results are to be expected in early spring istung/mw Elektrische Lei the first purpose built grid friendly building in Austria is at the moment being finished (tenants to move in in December) Uhrzeit Normalbetrieb Lastabwurf 21/10/

16 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology your ingenious partner Florian Judex Research presented in this talks was done within the projects: B2G Building 2 Grid, funded by FFG as project number G(e)o Green, funded by FFG as project number