DESIGN AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM WITH HOMER SOFTWARE. K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India

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1 Volume 116 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: DESIGN AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM WITH HOMER SOFTWARE ijpam.eu G.Srinivasa Rao 1, Dr.K.Harinadha Reddy 2 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India 1 g.srinivas@kluniversity.in 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India 2 kadapa.hari@gmail.com Abstract: At present trend hybrid energy system plays key role in various power applications like electrifying homes, power supply to industry sectors and commercial systems. Hybrid Energy system is a combination of two or more different types of energy resources. Hybrid energy system is more reliable than single energy system. Hybrid energy system is technically classified as grid connected and off grid hybrid system. This paper deals with grid connected hybrid energy system with solar and wind resources. The proposed hybrid systems are cable of multi mode operation and high reliable. Maximum power point Tracking is also applied to solar and wind energy systems. The cost and Technical analysis of the designed system has done by HOMER software. The results of Simulation in HOMER software show that Solar cells and wind systems with average generation power of kwh/yr. and kwh/yr., consist proportion of 22 and 68 percent of the total generated energy respectively, which are dedicated to satisfy the loads. Keywords: Hybrid energy system, Renewable energy resources, reliability, Technical analysis, HOMER Software 1. Introduction Today the world has mainly two challenges. One is the power crisis that is fast depleting of fossil fuels and other one is pollution problem like carbon emission and global warming. The best solution for this problem is utilization of renewable energy resources. Renewable energy resources are abundant in nature, free of cost and non pollutant. Among the all renewable energy resources Solar and wind are more popular because of its huge potential in nature. In the process of Utilization of Renewable energy resources we have to face some challenges like reliability, cost, efficiency and Stability. The main drawback of renewable energy resources is they are inconsistency or more fluctuating in nature and depends upon weather atmospheric conditions. In order to provide continue power supply integrate two or more resources and provide storage system. Integrated system of two or more renewable energy systems, also known as Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) [1], is gaining popularity because the sources can complement each other to provide higher quality and more reliable power to customer than single source System. A HRES can be standalone or grid connected. Standalone systems need to have generation and storage capacity large enough to handle the load. In a grid connected system, the size of storage device can be relatively smaller because deficient power can be obtained from the grid. Hybrid energy system that complements the drawbacks in each individual energy resources. Therefore, the design goals for hybrid power system are the minimization of power production cost, minimization of power purchase from grid (if it is connected to grid), reduction in emission, reduction 79

2 of the total lifecycle cost and increase in reliability of the power generation of system. Wind and Solar power generation are two of the most promising renewable power generation technologies. The growth of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems has exceeded the most optimistic estimation. Multi-source hybrid alternative energy systems (Figure 4) with proper control have great potential to provide higher quality and more reliable power to customers than a system based on a single resource. And because of this, hybrid energy systems have caught worldwide research attention.[2] A solar cell can be represented (Figure 1) by an equivalent circuit that indicate a current source in parallel depletion layer becomes wider so that the capacitance is reduced similar to stretching the electrodes of a plate capacitor. Thus solar cells represent variable capacitance whose magnitude depends on the present voltage. This effect is considered by the capacitor C located in parallel to the diode. Figure 1. Equivalent circuit diagram of a solar cell The diode indicates the I-V characteristics (Figure 2) of the PV cell. The output of the current source is depends upon the light falling on the solar cell. The open circuit voltage increases logarithmic according to Shockley equation which describes the interdependence of current and voltage in a solar cell. The characteristic of solar cell is dependent upon the level of insolation, cell temperature and array voltage. Thus it is necessary to implement MPPT in order to move the operating voltage close to maximum power point under changing atmospheric conditions. MPPT in solar is important because it reduces the solar array cost by decreasing the number of solar panels needed to obtain the desired output.[8] V-I characteristics of the solar array are neglecting the internal shunt Resistance.[3] dp > 0 dv dp = 0 dv dp dv Figure 2. Solar Maximum power point tracking system Wind Power System: The fundamental equation governing the mechanical power of the wind turbine is given by P w 1 2 < 0 3 = C ( λ, β ) ρ AV (1) p where ρ is air density (kg/m3), Cp is power coefficient, A is intercepting area of the rotor blades (m2), V is average wind speed (m/s), λ is tip speed ratio. The theoretical maximum value of the power coefficient Cp is 0.593, also known as Betz s Coefficient. The Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) for wind turbine is defined as the ratio of rotational speed of the tip of a blade to the wind velocity mathematically, R ω λ = (2) V Where R is radius of turbine (m), ω is angular speed (rad/s), V is average wind speed (m/s). The energy generated by wind can be obtained by = ( Time )[ kwh ] (3) Q w P Figure 3. Wind Turbine power curve 2. Mppt Tracking: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a software algorithm which is used to operate the PV/Wind energy system at maximum power point.electrical power generated by PV array depends upon solar insolation and temperature of the cell. The amount of power extracted from the solar depends upon the P-V characteristics. At a 80

3 particular voltage only it can generate maximum power and beyond that point, it can t generate the maximum power. In order to track that particular point, maximum power point tracking is used. In the same way Electrical power generated by Wind depends upon Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) Vs power coefficient (Cp) characteristics. At a particular Tip speed ratio only it can generate maximum power and beyond that point, it can t generate the maximum power. In order to track that particular point, maximum power point tracking is used which can the vary speed of the turbine according to wind speed variation and finally it provides optimal tip speed ratio at maximum power coefficient. Maximum power point tracking not only increases the system s efficiency but also decreases the payback period of the total installation cost. 3. Configurations of Hybrid energy systems: Hybrid energy systems can be designed with different conventional and Non-conventional energy resources. The designed hybrid systems are must be connected to Grid or battery bank (off grid). So the hybrid systems have mainly two configurations. Those are ON Grid and OFF grid hybrid energy systems. In general, off grid hybrid energy systems are applicable for remote areas where the grid connection not available and battery banks used as back up or storage device. Grid connected hybrid energy systems are used for high power rating system where the grid connection available.[6] 4. HOMER Software: It is the global standard for optimizing micro grid design in all sectors, from village power and island utilities to grid-connected systems. the software tool is used to design, simulate and analyze the performance and economic evaluation of various hybrid energy systems. It can analyze the system performance by taking renewable energy resources data daily, monthly or yearly and provides the data related to power generation in all aspects. The following below hybrid system is designed and analyzed by HOMER Software tool.[7] daily average solar irradiance is 4.83 KWh/m2/day. The available average wind speed is 8.75 m/s. Figure 4. Schematic diagram of hybrid system with HOMER software Figure 5. solar resource available throughout the year Figure 6. wind resource available throughout the year 200KW Solar wind hybrid energy system connected to grid Grid connected hybrid system is designed with solar and wind energy resources which are available at a particular location. The total capacity of this plant is 200KW. The capacity of solar power is 100KW and wind power is 100KW. The available 81

4 Figure 7. Load curve for 24 hours 5. Simulation Results and Cost Analysis Table 1. Power rating of Hybrid system Table 2. Cost analysis oh the Hybrid system Figure 9. Graphical representaion of PV output power Table3. Annual power generation by solar and wind resources. Figure 10. Graphical representaion of Wind output power Table 4. Monthly power generation and Annual emissions Figure 8. graphical representaion of solar,wind and grid power monthly. 6. Conclusion 82

5 Due to rapid developments in the field of renewable energy and increasing prices of conventional products like oil and gas, usage of renewable energy has become very popular in the form of hybrid systems.in hybrid energy systems, electricity is produced from different energy sources. Hybrid systems have higher reliability compare any single energy system. Two of the most potential sources of energy are solar and wind energy. In this paper we have attempted to examine how to use solar and wind hybrid systems to supply electric power to load and grid. Optimization and simulation results in HOMER Software show that the average power generated by the solar cells is kwh/yr which is 22% of the total amount of energy generated by the hybrid system. Wind turbines with average power output of kwh/yr. dedicate 68% of total energy production to itself and 10% power from grid. The results indicate good potential for wind and solar energy and also indicate the proper functioning of the proposed method to provide the electrical needs of system. References [1] Shahinzadeh, H. (2014). Effects of the Presence of Distributed Generation on Protection and Operation of Smart Grid Implemented in Iran; Challenges and Solutions. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, 12(11), [2] Tazvinga, H., Xia, X., & Zhang, J. (2013). Minimum cost solution of photovoltaic diesel battery hybrid power systems for remote consumers. Solar Energy, 96, [3] Shahinzadeh, H., Gharehpetian, G.B., Fathi, S.H., & Nasr-Azadani, S.M. (2015). Optimal Planning of an Off-grid Electricity Generation with Renewable Energy Resources using the HOMER Software. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 6(1), [4] G.Srinivasa rao, Dr.K.Harinadha reddy A review on design and development of high reliable hybrid energysystem with droop control Techniques - International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2016,vol- 7, [5] Mohamed Arif.N, Y. udhayakumar, Inbarasan.G, Design Of High Frequency Earthing System Used For Gas Insulated Substation, International Innovative Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016, vol. 2, [6] Alireza Gheiratmand, Reza Effatnejad, Mahdi Hedayati Technical and Economic Evaluation of Hybrid wind/pv/battery Systems for Off-Grid Areas using HOMER Software International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2016,vol- 7, [7] E. O. Diemuodeke S. Hamilton and A. Addo Multi-criteria assessment of hybrid renewable energy systems for Nigeria scoastline communities Energy, Sustainability and Society (2016) [8] Pragya Nema R.K. Nema Saroj Rangnekar A current and future state of art development of hybrid energy system using wind and PV-solar: A review Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews-2008 [9] Oyedepo SO (2014) Towards achieving energy for sustainable development in Nigeria. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 34:

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