Resilient and Renewable Microgrids

Transcription

1 Sessin: Planning Large and Small Scale Micrgrids and Smart Grids Resilient and Renewable Micrgrids Sam Bth Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry August 10th, 2016 Rhde Island Cnventin Center Prvidence, Rhde Island

2 Summary This presentatin reviews several key aspects f micrgrid planning and design alng with examples prjects including: Requirements determinatin and lad analysis Generatin analysis with an emphasis n renewable energy Micrgrid mdeling Operating requirements Lessns learned 2 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

3 Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry (NREL) Overview Supprts DD s cmplementary missins related t energy use. Dedicated t Advancing Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Energy Systems Integratin. Owned by the Department f Energy Leading clean-energy innvatin fr 34 years ~2500 emplyees with wrld-class facilities Mre than 350 active partnerships Campus is a living mdel f sustainable energy 3 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

4 Micrgrid Requirement and Lad Analysis What kind f micrgrid, building, campus, r utility? What type and duratin f utage d yu need t survive? What ther things d want yur micrgrid t prirtize e.g. ecnmic savings? Start by identifying and classifying lads Sheddable, essential critical? Initially need t determine Min, average, and max lads Lad prfile Types f lads NREL CORE Micrgrid Design Prcess 4 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

5 Miramar Example: Requirements Determinatin Pwer critical lads n Flight-Line and supprting facilities in the event f a grid utage with ptential fr future expansin 7 MW max, 4 MW avg, 2.5 MW min 4.5 MW f existing renewable energy Requirement t perate fr at least tw weeks in islanded mde and use redundant/n-site fuel surces t enhance resiliency Prject Gals: Energy Resilience Maximize renewable energy and use f existing assets Revenue frm grid tied peratins and grid supprt 5 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

6 Prbability f Surviving Outage [%] Micrgrid Generatin Analysis Existing generatins surces New generatin ptins Match between generatin and lad Fr renewable energy analyze resurce, incentives, technlgies, permitting, etc. Benefits f renewables Extend duratin f utage Ptentially limitless pwer supply fr cntinued peratin f selected lads Imprve ecnmics by prviding grid cnnected value 100% Dispatch Strategy Battery Charging Grid Outage 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Length f Outage [Days] Base Case MW PV, 500 kwh Batt Base Case kw PV, 175 kwh Batt 6 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

7 Renewable Generatin Technlgies Phtvltaics Wind Pwer Landfill Gas Gethermal Cncentrating Slar Pwer Bimass Heat/Pwer Hydr Fuel Cells Others: - Bifuels (e.g. bidiesel) fr generatrs - Waste t energy - Marine hydrkinetic 7 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

8 Renewable Energy and Strage Cst Reductin Trends 8 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

9 Rule f Thumb fr RE in Hybrid Systems 9 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

10 Example Prject: MCAS Miramar ESTCP Smaller Micrgrid demnstratin prject at Miramar s Public Wrks building; successfully islanded December 2015 Raythen cntrller, 200 kw PV, 250 kwh Primus Pwer flw battery, building lads Battery supprted the islanded grid with high PV penetratin (80%); autmated inverter curtailment functin used; significant cluding events 10 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

11 Frequency(Hz) Energy Strage & Inverters Energy strage cupled with bidirectinal inverters permit: Smthing f PV generatin Dispatchable pwer Peak lad reductin/shifting Vltage supprt Frequency supprt Mre respnsive than cnventinal generatin Can prvide excellent pwer quality :30 08:45 09:00 09:15 3m:47s 09:30 09:45 10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 11:15 11:30 Inverter technlgy has advanced significantly in recent years 11 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

12 Utility-Friendly Features f Mdern Inverters L3 (A) Curtailment f Inverter Pwer Level Disable inverter Discrete step increase r decrease Ramp Rate Cntrl Reduces sudden lad changes :00 10:01 10:02 10:03 10:04 10:05 10:06 10:07 10:08 VAR Supprt fr Grid Can adjust lad pwer factr (leading r lagging) Lw & High Vltage/Frequency Ride Thrugh Capabilities Can stay n-line during grid vltage & frequency disturbances Cmmunicatin Capabilities Requires infrastructure (fiber ptic, cpper, radi, etc.) 12 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

13 Example Prject: PMRF Navy Tech Demnstratin Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) lcated n western shres f Kauai, Hawaii - unusual daily lad prfile due t missin activities Energy Management System prject with Hneywell (2013) enabled cnnectin f stranded PV withut cmprmise t installatin s pwer quality, and prevented backfeed t utility Energy Strage - lithium irn magnesium phsphate batteries Mnitring and Cntrl System Awarded FY16 ESTCP prject fr expansin 13 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

14 Mdeling and Testing Overview Mdeling is necessary because f unique design challenges Self regulatin fr vltage and frequency Advanced cntrls and prtectin schemes Fssil fuel and alternative energy generatin resurces What d yu Mdel: Electrical distributin system, generatin equipment, lads, and cntrls Micrgrid start up, feeder lss, faults, different generatin ptins Pwer and/r cntrller hardware in the lp testing is als recmmended fr risk reductin Hardware in the lp testing f Raythen Micrgrid Cntrller at NREL s ESIF Filter Frequency Gas Injectin Diesel Injectin Engine 1 Speed Bias + + Σ - Speed Cntrller (Gvernr) Fuel Actuatr Air System Turb Charger Pwer System Transient mdel cmparing respnd f diesel and natural gas engines 14 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

15 Example Prject: Alcatraz Island Micrgrid PV/Battery/Diesel Hybrid System Agency: NPS Lcatin: Alcatraz Island, Califrnia DOE FEMP Assistance resurce and lad mnitring (14 mnths); feasibility study; financing and cntracting assistance; design charrette; design review; cnstructin RFI s; cmmissining assistance; perfrmance evaluatin and recmmendatins. 15 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

16 Other Off Grid U.S. Prject Examples DHS Park service Verizn 16 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

17 Micrgrid Operatins General Cnsideratins Skilled staff (typically engineers r electricians) are needed t perate a micrgrid Specifics skill are dependent n the particular prject, key cnsideratins include safety, level f autmatin, cntrl characteristics, and risk. Micrgrids are nt standard in the DD and training is required Need simulated training envirnment Miramar Example Operated and staffed in partnership with NAVFAC (Miramar s utility) Frm new micrgrid peratins center Grid Cnnected Mde Awareness, efficiency, cst savings (~99% ) Advanced Metering and real-time mnitring Analytics, trends, and reprts Crrective actin n building equipment Execute demand respnse Lad management/peak shaving Mnitr renewable energy systems Islanded Mde emergency situatin r pwer utage (~0-1%) Operate Micrgrid Several weeks f training and cmputer simulatin trainer fr peratrs prvided 17 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

18 Micrgrid Business Case Capital csts are dependent n a number f factrs Extent f critical lads & electrical system Infrastructure mdificatins required New and existing generatin requirements Energy strage/spinning reserve requirements Utility acceptance Cmmunicatins methds Envirnmental regulatins Revenue streams frm grid cnnected peratins are essential t have savings Self generatin Demand respnse Peak shaving Ancillary services Energy security valuatin cnducted Methdlgy t value nn-energy savings attributed t energy security prjects Studied impact f an utage and develped a custmer damage functin Analyzed utility reliability Value = Cst f an utage x prbability f an utage Business Case Value f Energy Security + Revenue Streams > Capital and O&M Csts f Micrgrid 18 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

19 Miramar Installatin Micrgrid Summary Primarily flight training and peratins Site: 14 MW peak, 5 MW min Critical: 6 MW peak, 2.5 MW min 8 hur utility utage in 2011 Flights grunded (missin halted), generatrs didn t start, gate security issues, fd spiled, etc. CORE micrgrid assessment cmpleted in 2012 Critical lad analysis Generatin ptin analysis Electrical systems mdeling Financial analysis and ECIP applicatin Prject awarded ~$20 M in ECIP cnstructin funding New generatin and micrgrid peratins center Savings frm frm peak shaving and demand respnse Challenges: RE integratin, cyber security, and being first NREL supprted RFP develpment and reviews Prject recently awarded and in design phase Will be largest, mst renewable/advanced DD micrgrid First at site wide scale with high levels f diverse renewable energy and savings frm grid cnnected peratins 19 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

20 Lessns Learned Lessns Learned Renewable energy and sustainability dn t always mean resiliency Resiliency can mean different things t different peple Fr DD cyber security is a key challenge Success requires nging develpment supprt Mtivated partners are the key differentiatr Pssible NREL Micrgrid Prject Supprt Prtfli evaluatin f micrgrid business case acrss r at select sites Develpment f prmising micrgrid prjects RFP develpment and bid reviews Jint technlgy develpment r demnstratin prgrams 20 Energy Exchange: Federal Sustainability fr the Next Decade

21 Thank Yu! Sam Bth