THE PROGRAM OF INTRODUCTION OF SYSTEMS WITH RES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS OF RUSSIA

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1 THE PROGRAM OF INTRODUCTION OF SYSTEMS WITH RES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS OF RUSSIA Olga Shepovalova, Olga Popova The All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (GNU VIESH); Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation

2 The today's situation of renewable energy sources (RES) implementation in Russia is characterized by absence of support at the state level, absence of working governmental programs and actions. That is why the planned indicator of renewable sources share in the energy supply in Russia by the year 040 is 0 times lower than in the European Union. Russian potential in both resources and development allows providing an implementation level not lower than in the European Union, USA and Japan. The experience of these countries shows that the state support has been of crucial importance. Therefore the initiatives of particularly involved ministries are essential. This work presents a base program of RES systems introduction in rural areas for the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for 0-00.

3 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RUSSIA S POTENTIAL Resources Gross potential, million tce/year Technical potential, million tce/year Economic potential, million tce/year SOLAR ,5 80 WIND POWER MICRO GES BIOMASS GEOTHERMAL LOW POTENTIAL HEAT Total

4 THE ENERGETIC OF AGRICULTURE HAVE SOME SPECIFIC FEATURES: dispersed of rural consumers, small unit capacity, great length of electrical, thermal, and gas networks, large sparsely populated territories where the agricultural production is carried out but which have no centralized energy supply. These features impose additional requirements for energy supply systems. For the most regions of Russia the introduction of stand-alone and mixed energy supply systems using renewable energy is the most expedient. The agriculture possesses the greatest potential for disclosing RES advantages with the simultaneous decision of the most acute problems of rural energy supply. The condition of RES use in Russia is as follows: single, individual installations, the lack of standard installations and systems.

5 IN COMPARISON WITH THE TRADITIONAL WAYS OF ENERGY SUPPLY, WHEN USING RES WE ELIMINATE THE FOLLOWING : -electric networks laying costs of RUB 500 thousand/km, gas networks laying costs of RUB 0 thousand/km; -networks losses: 0% to 0% in electrical networks, up to 60% in heating networks; - wear and tear and required reconstruction of networks equipment of up to 80%; - increase in the connection charge (over RUB 50 thousand/kw); - energy supply failures, poor quality of energy supply leading to losses and irreparable damages; -fuel and lubricant delivery costs; difficulties in (or impossibility of) laying networks and delivering fuel and lubricants; -increase in the energy supply cost because of traditional resources (on average 5% per year) and their exhaustibility; - ecology problems: environmental pollution, CO emissions, etc. and, hence, deterioration of living conditions of rural population, reduction in productivity and quality of agricultural products, growth of sickness rate, etc.

6 IN DETERMINING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SYSTEMS, WE PROCEED FROM THE FOLLOWING: - existing requirements; - number contemplated by the legislative acts of the Russian Federation; - really possible maximum financing of the Program; - experience of the renewable energy development abroad; - forecasts of growth of each type of RES and their ratio; - production status of each type of renewable energy sources and prospects of its growth; - existing problems and difficulties of RES introduction.

7 IN DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF SYSTEMS BY TYPES AND YEARS, WE ALSO PROCEED FROM THE FOLLOWING: - gradual increase of production capacity and accumulation of experience in commissioning with the state support; - ratio of RES requirement, prospects of other power supply and production possibilities; - currently available potential of possibilities of system component production and imported equipment use possibilities; - need of standard projects creation; - conservative approach to the questions of RES use; - condition of the legal and normative base, normative and technical base and necessity of its tuning-up; - necessity of tuning up effective incentives for the introduction of RES systems; - principles of determining expediency of RES application; - availability of and outlooks for the introduction of developments and knowhow; - state of RES implementation. - cost characteristics in combination with the possibility of systems creation for as many consumers as possible.

8 THE EXPEDIENCY OF USE OF ANY TYPE OF RES IS DETERMINED BY: - the presence of this type of resource, its potential; - the proximity of network sources and expediency of their use of or connection to them, including the factors of reliability, losses, wear and tear, etc.; - the facility condition and stage at which the energy supply system is included in it (project or finished construction not allowing any significant changes); whether the system is made together with the facility or individually after its creation; whether ready, standard solutions are taken; - the assumed needs of energy and load charts.

9 TABLE : GROWTH OF THE NUMBER OF SYSTEMS USING RES FOR RURAL BUILDINGS Year Number, thousand pc. Cost, thousand RUB Step by step putting into operation, commissioning of potential capacities; development completion; pilot projects Development implementation. Completion of the analysis, data collection on implementation conditions and creations of standard systems The development potential that was available by the launch of the Program has been implemented. The basic level of production has been reached. Substantial reduction of system cost Introduction of new achievements. Beginning of mass introduction of a know-how and standard systems Σ:

10 METHOD Total cost of systems RUB Total number of systems N = pc Medium price of system /90000=80000 (RUB/pc) The target object of energy supply is a building, a structure or a private building. The installed capacity requirement is 0. to 0 kw. The power consumption of one object (group of houses) is to 0 kwh per day and that of a rural settlement is up to.5mwh a day.. The minimum capacity of systems on the basis of micro hydroelectric station is approximately equal to the maximum planned system capacity. Therefore we shall first define the for years distribution of number of systems using water resources, taking into account the amount of resource and production opportunities. Then we shall calculate their percentage in the total number.. Geothermal 4pc: ~500kW ; RUB 4,500 thousand. These are systems of medium price. We accept this value for the calculation as a conditional number.

11 стоимость, Cost of systems, $/Вт forecast, уст. мощн. $/W Total number of systems, thousand pc. The number of systems using each resource type to be put in operation in the i-th year, where N i is the total number of systems put in operation in the i-th year, and a is the share of this resource in the total number of systems. 4. The cost and capacity of systems of particular resource to be put in operation within particular year and :, where is the specific cost of capacity unit for system of this particular type in the i-th year determined from diagrams: ,68 4, ,9 0,4,5, ,,, yeas годы 0 Thus verifying equality shall be valid: =, where is the capacity of systems to be put in operation within particular year

12 number, pc. GROWTH OF THE NUMBER OF POWER SYSTEMS USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF RES TO BE PUT IN OPERATION solar PV; - low potential heat; - wind power; 4 - biomass; 5 - micro GES; 6 solar heating; 7 geothermal years

13 Cost, thousand RUB COST OF POWER SYSTEMS USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF RES yeas - solar PV; - low potential heat; - wind power; 4 - biomass; 5 - micro GES; 6 solar heating; 7 geothermal

14 years CAPACITY OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS USING RES TO BE PUT IN OPERATION capasity, kw - solar PV; - low potential heat; - wind power; 4 - biomass; 5 - micro GES; 6 solar heating; 7 geothermal

15 % ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION OF BUILDINGS The potential of systems capacity reduction in the i-th year for the implementation of energy saving measures is the total installed capacity of the systems using a particular resource in the i-th year YEAR BY YEAR POWER CONSUMPTION OF BUILDING TABLE : THE COEFFICIENTS FOR CALCULATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION OF BUILDINGS ,9 Year power supply ξ=0,7 А heat supply ξ=0, ,056 0, ,5 0,6 0,9 07 4, 0,69 0, years 08, 0,6 0, ,8 0,86 0, ,9 0,4 0,9

16 cost, billion RUB number, thousand pc. installed capacity, kw CHANGE OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS INDICATORS IN THE COURSE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM а б years 0 - number of systems; - system cost; - installed capacity; 4 - installed capacity potential due to the energy saving; 5a - growth potential of systems installed capacity without an increase in the source equipment number; 5b - reduction of system capacity required owing to the energy saving

17 DISTRIBUTION OF INSTALLED SYSTEMS FOR SPECIFIC TYPES OF RES Capacity of systems using RES, 00year Capacity of systems using RES, 05year Capacity of systems using RES, 06year Capacity of systems using RES, 07year 7% 5 7 5% % 5% 5 7% 7 0% % 5% 5 6% 7 0% 6% 6% 5 8% 7 0% 6% 6 % 4 8% % 4 6% 6 % 4 5% 6 5% 4 6% 6 8% % Capacity of systems using RES, 08year Capacity of systems using RES, 09year Capacity of systems using RES, 00year 6% 5 6% 7 % 6% 6% 5 6% 7 0% 5% 7% 5 5% 7 % 5% 6 % 4 6% 6 4% 4 7% 6 % 4 8% % % % - solar PV; - low potential heat; - wind power; 4 - biomass; 5 - micro GES; 6 solar heating; 7 geothermal

18 Общая стоимость TOTAL систем COST с ВИЭ, OF вводимых SYSTEMS, за годы реализации Программы low potential heat, ,.9% micro GES, 0755,.90% geothermal, 8000, 0.6% wind power, 97099, 8.4% solar heating, 97645, 8.5% biomass, 4095, 0.89% solar PV, 44845, 6.97%

19 TOTAL SYSTEMS INSTALLED CAPACITY, micro GES, 56000, low potential heat, 8.69% 979, 6.8% geothermal, 000, 0.% wind power, 9709, 5.08% solar heating, 4647,.7% biomass, 70765, 6.5% solar PV, 009, 0.50%

20 TOTAL NUMBER OF SYSTEMS, low potential heat, 678,.44% micro GES, 6500,.4% geothermal, 4, 0.00% wind power, 4880, 8.4% solar heating, 500, 8.5% biomass, 990,.06% solar PV, 540, 7.4%