Compatible with all PWT pretreatments.

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1 THIN-FILM COMPOSITE CELLULOSE ACETATE RO PRETREATMENTS LIQUID POWDER PRODUCT DESCRIPTION SpectraGuard High performance antiscalant & stabilizer controls inorganics, metals, colloids. Compatible with all PWT pretreatments. Titan ASD 200 MetaGuard BioGuard ACS OrganoGuard MEMBRANE CLEANERS Economical medium performance antiscalant & stabilizer. Compatible with all PWT pretreatments. High performance antiscalant & stabilizer controls inorganics, metals, colloids. Compatible with all PWT pretreatments High performance biological control for online injection or periodic hotshots. Compatible with all PWT pretreatments High performance organic control pretreatment for online injection. Compatible with all PWT pretreatments. Lavasol I Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for inorganics. May be mixed with Lavasol V. Lavasol II Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for biological growth and colloids. Compatible with TFC type membranes. Lavasol III Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for biological growth and colloids. Compatible with CA type membranes. Lavasol IV Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for organics. Compatible with TFC type membranes. Lavasol V Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for silica fouling. Compatible with TFC and CA membranes. OptiClean A OptiClean B OptiClean C OptiClean S Silica Colloidal Silica and Reactive Silica Colloids Colloidal Silt and Particulate Materials Organics Hydrocarbons, Cellulose, Lignins, Dyes, Waxes, Paraffins, Paper Pulp, Heavy Oils, Light Oils Biological Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Bacteria, Iron Related Bacteria, Slime Related Bacteria, Sulfate Related Bacteria Inorganics Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Sulfate, Calcium Phosphate, Strontium Sulfate, Barium Sulfate, Iron, Aluminum, Metals Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for inorganics. May be mixed with OptiClean S. Compatible with CA & TFC. Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for biological growth, organics, colloids. Compatible with TFC type membranes. Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for biological growth, organics, colloids. Compatible with CA type membranes. Highly concentrated membrane cleaner for silica fouling. Compatible with TFC and CA membranes. SILICA COLLOIDS ORGANICS BIOLOGICAL INORGANICS In pretreatment section: FilteRx 5 series Filter-aids in organic polymer only formulations. Reduces solid waste in the backwash of media filter systems. FilteRx 6 series Filter aids in blends of organic polymers with ferric sulfate; applied where higher organic content in feed water. BioGuard Shock Quick acting, non oxidizing biocide for intermittent treatment. BioGuard ISO Non oxidizing biocide for continuous injection.

2 M e dia Filtra tion a n d C larifier Aid s FilteRx media filtration aids are organic compounds or organic/ inorganic blends that maximize the efficiency and economy of industrial filtration processes. FilteRx products aid in the reduction of turbidity, color, and colloidal constituents in a variety of process streams Series - Organic Filter Aids FilteRx 5140 Minimal dosage requirement - typically 0.5 to 2.5 mg/l Effective over a wide ph range No alkalinity adjustment required Polymer-only formulation reduces solid waste disposal requirements FilteRx 5120 Lower dosage requirement - typically 1.0 to 5.0 mg/l Effective over a wide ph range No alkalinity adjustment required Polymer-only formulation reduces solid waste disposal requirements FilteRx 5110 Low dosage requirement - typically 2.0 to 10.0 mg/l Effective over a wide ph range No alkalinity adjustment required Polymer-only formulation reduces solid waste disposal requirements 6000 Series - Organic/Inorganic Blended Filter Aids FilteRx 6800 Highest ratio of inorganic to organic constituents Effective where polymer-only formulations are not Typical dosage requirement: 5-20 mg/l May be applied in mixed media or clarification systems Effective over a ph range of 5-8 Free scientific testing to determine ideal dosing and application procedures FilteRx 6500 Higher ratio of inorganic to organic constituents Effective where polymer-only formulations are not Typical dosage requirement: 5-20 mg/l May be applied in mixed media or clarification systems Effective over a ph range of 5-8 May be fed neat or diluted as needed FilteRx 6100 Balanced blend of organic and inorganic constituents Effective where polymer-only formulations are not Typical dosage requirement: 5-20 mg/l May be applied in mixed media or clarification systems Effective over a ph range of 5-8 Compatible with all PWT RO pretreatments at standard dosage concentrations Application: Adequate mixing conditions are recommended. In-line mixers are discouraged in media filtration applications. As with all pretreatment chemicals, proper handling, thorough on-site testing, good application procedures, and responsible dosage practices should be followed to avoid overdosing and to ensure optimum results. Available in 5 gallon, 55 gallon and bulk

3 Antimicrobiologic al Pretre atment for M embranes BioGuard A C S antimicrobiological pretreatment reduces membrane cleaning requirements by effectively controlling membrane fouling from microbiological growth BioGuard ACS reduces membrane cleaning requirements by controlling cell metabolism and adhesion to the membrane surface and flow channels. Unlike conventional methods of biological control, BioGuard ACS does not rupture cells. Therefore, TOC levels do not increase, the RO membrane surface does not become fouled by cell remnants and other microorganisms are not fed by cell fragments. By controlling cell metabolism, BioGuard ACS inhibits the production of cell waste products which form the biofouling matrix. By controlling both cell adhesion and metabolism, this non-oxidizing method of controlling microbiological organisms reduces membrane cleaning requirements and improves system performance. Ideal for controlling microbiological growth on membranes Available in powder or liquid super-concentrate Complies with ANSI/NSF Standard 60 requirements for potable water Aerobic Biological Growth Anaerobic Biological Growth Iron Depositing Bacteria Slime Forming Bacteria Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Compatible with all membrane types BioGuard ACS is also available as a powder which reduces shipping and handling by 96% and shipping volume by 95%. It is also available in a liquid superconcentrate (BioGuard ACS SC ) which provides the convenience of a liquid yet reduces shipping/handling by 90%. BioGuard ACS and BioGuard ACS SC may also be introduced from the same injection point as any PWT antiscalant/dispersant, facilitating dual product application. BioGuard ACS and ACS SC are the first antimicrobiological pretreatments that comply with ANSI/NSF Standard 60 requirements for potable water systems. Stable in the presence of metals May be injected with any PWT antiscalant/ dispersant from a single blended tank BioGuard ACS is compatible with all membrane types and system components ensuring product reliability online. It is also inherently stable in the presence of multivalent ions such as iron. BioGuard ACS may be applied as an on-line continuous feed or as a periodic hot-shot treatment.

4 Liquid Membrane Cleaners Lavasol liquid membrane cleaners effectively remove inorganic scale, metals, colloids, biological growth, and organic foulants from RO membranes Lavasol liquid membrane cleaners effectively remove a wide variety of foulants from polyamide thin-film composite and cellulose acetate membranes. Each cleaner dilutes quickly and easily to form a solution that vigorously removes membrane foulants without harming the membrane surface. A regular maintenance program including Lavasol membrane cleaners ensures optimum system performance and maximum element life. Lavasol I - Low ph Cleaner for Removing Inorganic Scale and Metals from Polyamide Thin-Film Composite and CA Membranes. Foulants effectively removed by Lavasol I include: Calcium Carbonate Strontium Sulfate Calcium Sulfate Iron Barium Sulfate Metal Oxides Lavasol II - High ph Cleaner for Removing Acid Insoluble Foulants from Polyamide Thin-Film Composite Membranes. Foulants effectively removed by Lavasol II include: Silt Microbiological Colloids Acid Insoluble Organics Mucilaginous Material General Mixing and Application Instructions for Lavasol Cleaners Prepare system for cleaning. Lavasol III - Medium ph Cleaner for Removing Acid Insoluble Foulants from CA Membranes. Foulants effectively removed by Lavasol III include: Silt Microbiological Colloids Acid Insoluble Organics Mucilaginous Material Fill cleaning tank with good quality water, preferably RO permeate water. Mix 1 gallon of Lavasol for each 40 gallons of water in the cleaning tank. Lavasol IV - Neutral ph Cleaner for Removing Organics from Polyamide Thin-Film Composite, UF and NF Membranes. Foulants effectively removed by Lavasol IV include: Organic Acids Oils Proteinase Foulants Waxes Cellulosic Foulants Paraffins Re-circulate solution for at least 1 hour. Static soaking heavily fouled membranes is recommended. After soaking, recirculate again for a minimum of 30 minutes. Lavasol V - For Removing Silica from Polyamide Thin-Film Composite, CA and UF Membranes. Rinse system at low pressure prior to system start-up. Discard system product water for minutes after system start up. Pressure and Element Flows: Pressure: 60 psi 4" Element Flow: 7 GPM 8" Element Flow: 35 GPM (*Please verify with membrane manufacturer.)

5 O rg a nic C ontroller for M e m bra n e s OrganoGuard organic pretreatment controls hydrocarbons, cellulosic material, lignins, dyes, waxes, paraffins, oils, and other organics in fluid treatment processes OrganoGuard is a process aid designed to control organic fouling of membrane separation systems. Utilized at ppm levels, OrganoGuard controls organics in process streams containing refined oils, vegetable byproducts from food processes, dyes and chemicals from textile processing, cellulosic and chemical byproducts from paper mills and other organics found in treatment processes. A preventive maintenance program including OrganoGuard reduces cleaning requirements while maintaining optimum operating efficiency of the processing system. Reduces organic fouling of water treatment & separation systems Reduces system cleaning requirements improving system operation efficiency Compatible with most other pretreatment processes and chemicals Hydrocarbons C ellulosic Material Lignins Dyes Waxes Paraffins Paper Pulp Byproducts Heavy Crude Oils Light Machine Oils OrganoGuard utilizes a unique proprietary polymeric system to stabilize and separate hydrophobic and weakly hydrophilic organics by use of a unique surface active chemical physics process. Hydrophobic organics are separated and stabilized reducing maintenance requirements of the membranes. Weakly hydrophilic organics are also stabilized as water soluble molecular complexes which minimizes fouling of membranes. OrganoGuard is stable in the presence of both cationic and anionic polymers so it may be safely used in conjunction with most other pretreatments. OrganoGuard complies with ANSI/NSF Standard 60 requirements and may be used on potable water systems.

6 Powder Membrane Preservative Preservol membrane preservative allows membranes to be safely stored Preservol powder membrane preservative allows membranes to be stored for short and extended periods without loss of performance. As a powder, Preservol is more convenient to store, easier to handle and may be transported more economically. This product is reliable at extreme temperatures and has an extended shelf-life, maintaining product stability long-term. Preservol is safe for use on polyamide thin-film composite membranes, cellulose acetate membranes, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membranes. Pro d u c t A p plic a tion Long Term Storage Thoroughly clean membranes with Lavasol or OptiClean membrane cleaners. Short Term Storage Mix 1 pound of Preservol to 6 gallons of good quality water such a RO permeate or better. Polyamide Thin Film Recirculate solution for at least 15 minutes. A recirculation pressure of less than 60 psi is recommended. Cellulose Acetate After recirculation, shut-down the system. Do not allow the Preservol solution to drain from the membranes. The membranes may then be stored in the system vessels or they may be removed and stored in separate containers. Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration To use membranes after storage, first rinse them for 30 minutes using good quality water such as DI or RO permeate.

7 Liq uid A ntis c ala nt & S t a biliz er Spectra Guard antiscalant/dispersant effectively controls membrane scaling from inorganic scale, metals and colloids SpectraGuard liquid antiscalant/dispersant is a high-performance chemical pretreatment that controls inorganic scale, metals and colloids in RO feedwaters. Its unique performance characteristics provide users with more complete control over system feedwater chemistry, reducing membrane scaling tendencies and minimizing membrane cleaning requirements. SpectraGuard is compatible with all membrane types and system components. High-performance control of inorganic scale, metals & colloids Ready to use and compatible with all membrane types Inherently stable at extreme phs and temperatures Super-concentrate version cuts shipping volume by 90% SpectraGuard SC is a liquid super-concentrate which provides users the convenience of a 5 gallon (18.9 liter) pail equivalent to a 55 gallon (208.2 liter) drum of standard liquid antiscalant. SpectraGuard SC cuts shipping volume by 90% making it ideal for high-volume users. Silica Iron C olloids Aluminum Barium Sulfate Strontium Sulfate C alcium Sulfate C alcium Phosphate C alcium C arbonate SpectraGuard and SpectraGuard SC maintain performance integrity at extreme phs and temperatures. They are also stable in the presence of multivalent ions such as iron. Neither product contains phosphates or phosphate derivatives so they do not contribute to metal precipitation or biological growth in tanks, piping, or the RO. SpectraGuard is typically dosed into feedwaters at the rate of 2-6 ppm and it may be blended with any other PWT pretreatment including BioGuard ACS. As a liquid, SpectraGuard is ready to use and may be injected neat or it may be diluted to accommodate any systems size. SpectraGuard is available in 5 gallon (18.9 liter) pails, 55 gallon (208.2 liter) drums, totes, and in bulk. Both SpectraGuard and SpectraGuard SC comply with ANSI/NSF Standard 60 requirements and may be used on potable water systems. No phosphates or phosphate derivatives ANSI/NSF Standard 60 Certified for Potable Water

8 P o w d e r, L i q u i d a n d L i q u i d S C A n t i s c a l a n t / D i s p e r s a n t Titan ASD 200 antiscalant/dispersant effectively controls membrane scaling from inorganic scale, metals, and colloids Titan ASD 200 antiscalant/dispersant reduces membrane cleaning requirements by controlling membrane fouling from inorganic scale, metals, and colloids. It is an economical alternative to polyacrylic acid homopolymers, acrylic-acid/maleicacid copolymers, poly-acrylamide and acrylamide copolymers and has a comparable performance. The powder version of Titan ASD 200 reduces shipping weight and space requirements by 96% compared to liquid antiscalants. This unique attribute reduces shipping costs, makes storage easier and eliminates drum disposal requirements. For control of inorganic scale, metals & colloids Ready to use and compatible with all membrane types C alcium C arbonate C alcium Sulfate C alcium Phosphate Strontium Sulfate Barium Sulfate Inherently stable at extreme phs and temperatures Aluminum Super-concentrate liquid version cuts shipping volume by 90% Iron C olloids Titan ASD 200 powder is packaged in 1.8 pounds (0.8 kg) and 20 pound (9.1 kg) increments which are equivalent to 5 gallon (18.9 liter) and 55 gallon (208.1 liter) sizes. As a powder, Titan ASD 200 dissolves quickly and completely in water and is compatible with all membrane types. Another version, Titan ASD 200 SC provides shipping/handling advantages in a convenient liquid super-concentrate. The liquid superconcentrate is available in 0.45 gallon and 5 gallon containers which are equivalent to 5 gallons and 55 gallons of standard liquid product. The normal dosage rate for this product is 2-5 ppm of liquid mixture. As a powder, Titan ASD 200 dissolves quickly and completely in water and is compatible with all membrane types. Further, this product remains stable in the presence of metals such as iron and may be mixed and injected from the same tank as any other PWT pretreatment products. Titan ASD 200 will not precipitate, crystallize or blind the membrane even at high concentrations so membranes are safe if the product is accidentally overdosed. This product contains no phosphates or phosphate derivatives so it will not contribute to biological growth in tanks, piping, or in the RO. All forms of Titan ASD 200 comply with ANSI/NSF Standard 60 requirements and may be used on potable water systems. Powder version cuts shipping/handling by 96% No phosphates or phosphate derivatives ANSI/NSF Standard 60 Certified for Potable Water

9 Powder Membrane Cleaners O pticlean powder membrane cleaners effectively remove inorganic scale, metals, biological growth and organic foulants from RO membranes OptiClean powder membrane cleaners integrate the most recent biodegradable polyelectrolyte formulations to effectively remove inorganic and organic foulants from today's polyamide thin-film composite and cellulose acetate membranes. Each cleaner mixes quickly and easily into solution to form a liquid mixture that vigorously releases membrane foulants without harming the membrane surface. A regular maintenance schedule including OptiClean membrane cleaners ensures optimum system performance. OptiClean A - Low PH Cleaner for Removing Scale and Metals from Polyamide Thin-Film Composite and CA Membranes. Foulants effectively removed by OptiClean A include: Calcium Carbonate Calcium Sulfate Barium Sulfate General Mixing and Application Instructions for OptiClean Strontium Sulfate Iron Metal Oxides OptiClean B - High PH Cleaner for Removing Acid Insoluble Foulants from Polyamide Thin-Film Composite Membranes. Foulants effectively removed by OptiClean B include: Prepare system for cleaning. Fill cleaning tank with good quality RO permeate water. Silt Colloids Organics Mix 1 pound of OptiClean for each 15 gallons of water in the cleaning tank. Microbiological Acid Insoluble Mucilaginous Material OptiClean C - Medium PH Cleaner for Removing Acid Insoluble Foulants from CA Membranes. Foulants effectively removed by OptiClean C include: Recirculate solution for at least 1 hour. Static soaking heavily fouled membranes is recommended. After soaking, recirculate again for a minimum of 30 minutes. Silt Colloids Organics Microbiological Acid Insoluble Mucilaginous Material OptiClean S for Removing Silica from Polyamide Thin-Film Composite, CA and UF Membranes. Rinse systems at low pressure prior to system start-up. Discard system product water for minutes after system start up. Pressure and Element Flows: Pressure: 60 psi 4" Membrane Flow: 7 GPM 8" Membrane Flow: 35 GPM (*Please verify with membrane manufacturer.)

10 P o w d er A ntis c ala nt a n d S t a biliz er MetaGuard powder antiscalant/dispersant controls inorganic scale, metals and colloids in RO feedwaters to reduce membrane fouling and minimize membrane cleaning requirements. It is compatible with all membrane types and complies with ANSI/NSF Standard 60 requirements for potable water systems. MetaGuard is the first high-performance antiscalant/dispersant to eliminate unnecessary water weight and reduce shipping/handling by 96%. It is packaged in 1.8 pound (0.8 kg) and 20 pound (9.1 kg) containers which are equivalent to 5 gallons (18.9 liters) and 55 gallons (208.2 liters) of liquid antiscalant/ dispersant when mixed into liquid solution on-site. Each MetaGuard container is packaged with moistureabsorbing desiccant to maintain an easy-to-use powder consistency long-term. It can be easily mixed into solution and maintains performance integrity at extreme phs and temperatures. Silica Iron C olloids Aluminum Barium Sulfate Strontium Sulfate C alcium Sulfate C alcium Phosphate C alcium C arbonate This product is highly stable in the presence of multivalent ions such as iron and is designed to control metals commonly found in RO feedwaters. Further, MetaGuard is highly soluble in water so it will not crystallize or blind the membrane at higher concentrations. MetaGuard contains no phosphates or phosphate derivatives so it will not contribute to inorganic scale problems and does not promote biological growth in the membrane elements or system components. MetaGuard is typically dosed into feedwaters at the rate of 2-6 ppm of the liquid mixture and it may be injected from the same tank as any other PWT pretreatment products.