Dekati Sample Conditioning Instruments

Transcription

1 Dekati Sample Conditioning Instruments Dekati Cyclones Dekati Diluter Dekati Axial Diluter -DAD FPS-4000 Fine Particle Sampler DEED Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter Dekati Thermodenuder DD-600 Dekati Dryer Dekati Cyclone SAC-65 Pre-separator with 10μm cutpoint at 10lpm Stainless steel construction Designed according to EPA 201A Can be used in temperatures up to 600 C Accessories include heaters for use outside stack Excel sheet for exact cut point calculation 1

2 Pre-separator Recommended to use pre-separator if Concentration of particles >10 µm is high Sampling line is long and horizontal Dekati Cyclones SAC-65 Cut-size 10 µm for 10 lpm 20 C/1013 mbar Port size 150 mm Isokinetic nozzles for 2-18 m/s gas flows FPS-cyclone Cut-size 2.5 µm for 8 lpm 20 C/1013 mbar Port size 100 mm Isokinetic nozzles for 4-25 m/s gas flows Dekati Diluter Ejector diluter DR ~8 Stainless steel construction Can be heated up 450 C Full setups available for combustion and automotive exhaust measurements Double diluter setup for volatile matter removal Simple to use 2

3 Dekati Diluter DI-1000 Dilution air inlet Outlet Mixing chamber Simple construction Constant dilution ratio ~1:10 Stainless steel Heatable, 2 diluters often connected in series (double diluter) Low losses Inlet Connection for temperature measurement Dekati Diluter Dilution Air Exhaust Air SAMPLE IN SAMPLE OUT Low pressure caused by dilution air flow in the nozzle sucks the sample from the inlet Mixing in the mixing chamber 3

4 Dekati Double Diluter Setup Tailpipe: - High concentration - High temperature - High vapour pressure Hot Dilution - Concentration decrease - Vapour pressure decrease - Temperature preserved Cold Dilution: - Concentration decrease - Low vapour pressure => safe temperature decrease Double Diluter setup DI-2000 Pressurized air heater Dekati Diluter 1/10 and insulated diluter heater Diluter exhaust back to stack Pressurized air, 2 bar Dekati Diluter 1/10 Pressurized air dryer and regulator unit 4

5 DD Requirements for sampling location Pressurized air For dilution 70 slpm *number of diluters 4 bar absolute pressure (working pressure 3 bar abs) Dilution air properties Particle conc. < 10 per cc RH < 5% at ambient temperature Electricity 2 outlets 1300W power requirement Sampling connection 12mm e.g. Swagelok pipe connector Advantages (I) Dekati Diluter Robust & easy to use stainless steel & no moving parts Safe operation dilution ratio always nominal (if exhaust led back to stack) Double diluter setup available for easy removal of volatile matter Dilution ratios up to possible by connecting diluters in series 5

6 Advantages (II) Dekati Diluter Widely used in automotive industry Used as a sampling system in numerous published papers & articles Accessories available for automotive and stationary source applications Compatible with all other Dekati products Each unit calibrated with traceably calibrated flow and pressure sensors DEED Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter Complete compliance to PMP specifications Affordable Simple user interface Dilution ratio always constant, repeatability and reproducibility extremely high Can be used with ANY particle number or mass measurement device AK-protocol available 6

7 DEED Operation DEED Requirements for sampling location Pressurized air Dilution Min 5 bar absolute pressure, max 9 bar 120lpm 160lpm with DEED-300 Dilution air Particle conc. < 0.1/cc RH: Non-condensing at 20 C Electricity 1 outlet 2000W Sampling connection Inlet: 3/8 female, 12mm tube connection provided Inlet for DEED-150: 10mm Swagelok TM Inlet for DEED-300: 12mm Swagelok TM 7

8 Fine Particle Sampler FPS-4000 V2.0 FPS operation principle Primary dilution perforated tube dilution Cold or hot primary dilution Controlled dilution ratio Secondary dilution Ejector type diluter acts as pump Cooling of sample Controlled dilution ratio 8

9 FPS-4000 Properties Controllable Dilution temperature cold/hot 0-250(350) C Dilution ratio 1:20(10)-1:200 Residence time Residence time chamber & dilution ratio Measurements from low/high Temperature C Pressure mbar abs Trap studies Continuous dilution ratio calculation +/- 10% reading Data recording Integration to data logging systems Analog outputs/inputs FPSVi Data Recording Temperature and pressure monitoring Dilution ratio control Heater/Cooling control Flush 9

10 Applications Automotive exhaust dilution Pre- and post after treatment devices PMP-studies Power plant flue gas dilution Small-scale stationary source dilution Laboratory / industrial source dilution Aerosol transformation research for all sources Nucleation/Condensation studies Agglomeration studies Automotive sampling setup for FPS

11 Stack sampling setup for FPS-4000 Stack heater + dilution air heater + mini-cyclone FPS Requirements for sampling location Pressurized air Heated dilution 250 lpm 5 bar absolute pressure (working pressure 4.5 bar abs) Cooled dilution Additional 300 lpm if air cooling is used Dilution air Particle conc. < 10 per cc RH < 5% at ambient temperature Cooling air Non-condensing at 40 C Electricity 1 outlet 2000W power requirement if all heaters turned on Sampling connection NW/KF-40 flange Hole over 6mm in diameter 11

12 FPS accessories Heaters for the first dilution stage + dilution air heater Vortex cooler for cooled dilution Residence time chamber for nucleation studies Pressurised air filtration and drying unit Automatic pressure regulator to keep the dilution air pressure stable Extension cables Instruments racks Etc Dekati Axial Diluter DAD

13 DAD-100 operation principle Pressurised and purified dilution air High precision needle valve Diluted aerosol drawn out by the measurement instrument Undiluted aerosol DAD-100 Simple dilution tool for any aerosol sample Low consumption of dilution medium Measurement instrument inlet flow needs to be known no problem with Dekati products Adjustable, but constant dilution ratio Calculation sheet provided with instrument 13

14 DAD-100 Requirements for sampling location 12mm pipe connection 5-30 LPM of purified pressurised specified pressure Dekati DAD-100 Advantages Low price Low consumption of dilution medium Easy to apply to different setups Adjustable dilution ratio Extremely low losses Easy to use and maintenance Robust 14

15 Dekati Thermodenuder Design of Dekati Thermodenuder Heats exhaust gases up to 300 C most volatile components evaporate in vehicle exhaust Removes VOC with fibrous active carbon High volume flow rate, LPM Denuder Activated carbon Heater 15

16 Normalised number concentration 5/28/2010 Design of Dekati Thermodenuder Easy- to-use design Effect of TD by ELPI Results measured for diesel exhaust with ELPI conditioning the sample with Dekati Thermodenuder OFF TD OFF TD ON Dp [um] 1 10 ON Dp [um]

17 dn/dlogdmob 5/28/ load dn/dlogdmobpartial Effect of TD by DMA+CPC Dmob TD OFF Full load Dmob TD ON TD Requirements for sampling location Pressurized air or water for cooling Electricity 1 outlet 350W power requirement Sampling connection 12 mm pipe 17

18 Dekati Thermodenuder Simple easy-to-use design Activated carbon as cartridges easy to handle Operation proven in numerous articles High-flow design (10-20 LPM) can supply sample to more than one instrument Correction algorithm for losses available losses can be easily taken into account Dekati Dryer Permapure Nafion dryer designed for PM measurements Minimal particle losses 10 or 30lpm sample flow 18

19 RH increases Mass increases 5/28/2010 Particle drying No sample conditioning particle bound water measured higher mass result Number concentration reliable Removal of water to get comparable results Nafion dryer applied, only water removed Dekati Dryer DD-600 Wet purge air Wet sample Dry sample Vacuum/pressurized air for drying Effect based on the tubing material, Nafion =Teflon based polymer with sulphonic acid groups in side chains Dry purge air 19

20 Dekati Dryer DD-600 behaviour Permapure Nafion dryer designed for PM measurements Minimal losses Empirically and theoretically studied over the whole particle size range Diffusion: < 2 % (at Dp = 30 nm) Impaction: < 4 % (at Dp = 2.5 m) Drying efficiency down to RH15% Dekati Dryer setup Complete dryer setup DD-601 OELPI-03/01 SV65 pump needed for 30lpm ELPI PM10 inlet for 30lpm IPR-127 TSP inlet for 30lpm IPR-126 PM10 inlet for 10lpm IPR-227 This is on/off valve for drying air This valve is used for pressure adjustment 20

21 OELPI TM with Dekati Dryer Comparable results with reference methods PM2.5 mass concentration Mass size distribution Number size distribution Total number concentration Dryer ON/OFF Dry and wet particle concentrations Hygroscopic properties of particles Thank you for your attention - Questions? 21