CHAPTER 2 SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT WHAT? WHY? WHEN? WHO? WHERE? HOW?

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 2 SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT WHAT? WHY? WHEN? WHO? WHERE? HOW?

2 THE GUIDANCE FLOWCHART 2.1: SUSTAINABLE? 2.2: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? 2.3: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION? 2.4: MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVES 2

3 2.1: SUSTAINABLE Our planet has enough for everyone s need, but not enough for everyone s greed (Mahatma Gandhi).

4 WHAT? - SUSTAINABLE The ability to maintain at certain rate or level. Attaining sustainability does not mean the eradication of adverse impact, which is an impossible vision at present, but rather the reduction of it to a certain reasonable level. 4

5 2.2: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

6 WHAT? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT A philosophy called sustainable development was introduced in 1987 in Brundtland Report. Maintaining a delicate balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend. 6

7 WHAT? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Creating and operating a healthy built environment based on resource efficiency and ecological design Charles J. Kibert The balanced uses of resources on a global scale including physical elements, human elements, and national political context Ronald Rovers The development which meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own need Bourdeau 7

8 WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WHY? to alter or improve our conventional way of development into a more responsible approach which can satisfy our needs for development without harming the world we live in. 8

9 WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Climate change: Long-term climate changes have been observed across the globe. Changes are happening as a result of human activity, including man-made greenhouse gas emissions. 9

10 WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Human activities!! 10

11 WHY? SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Human activities!! 11

12 PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 12

13 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT 13 all the same, only details varied

14 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT (cont.) Economic Sustainability various strategies that make it possible to use available resources to their best advantage. Environmental Sustainability reducing the amount of waste produce or using less energy, but is concerned with developing processes that will lead to businesses becoming completely sustainable in the future. Social Sustainability encompass human rights, labor rights and corporate governance. 14

15 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT: OBJECTIVES Economic: 1. Consider life-cycle cost 2. Internalize external costs 3. Consider alternative financing mechanism 4. Develop appropriate economic instruments to promote sustainable consumption 5. Consider the economic impact on local structure Environment: 1. Increase materials efficiency by reducing the material demand of non-renewable goods. 2. Reduce the materials intensity via substitution technologies 3. Enhance materials recyclability 4. Reduce and control the use of dispersion of toxic materials 5. Reduce the energy required for transforming goods and supplying services. 6. Support the instruments of international conventions and agreements 7. Maximize the sustainable use of biological and renewable resources 8. Consider the impact of planned projects on air, soil, water, flora and fauna Social: 1. Enhance a participatory approaches by involving stakeholders 2. Promote public participation 3. Promote the development of appropriate institutional frameworks 4. Consider the influence of the existing social framework 5. Assess the impact on health and the quality of life 15

16 2.3: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

17 WHAT? SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Subset to the philosophy of Sustainable Development is Sustainable Construction. Sustainable construction, which has been dubbed green construction. The term sustainable construction was originally proposed to describe the responsibility of the construction industry in attaining sustainability. Kibert proposed that sustainable construction means creating a healthy built environment using resourceefficient, ecologically-based principles. 17

18 WHY? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Construction activities!! Before: through materials During: energy consumption During: the pollution After: waste!! 18

19 WHY? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Before Construction During Construction During & After Construction Utilization or earth resources for the production of construction materials (e.g. fossil, wood, cement, hydrogen, air, water, ore etc.) Transportation to/from factory involving fuel consumption and causing pollution and green house emissions. Clearing of forest, and land for development. Environmental pollution (air, water, land) High Solid waste generation Contributing to: High energy usage High CO 2 Emissions Large water usage Large Solid Wastes generation 19

20 WHY? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) 20

21 WHO? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Sustainable Construction ; the responsibility of the construction industry to attain sustainability. Construction Industry; those providing design, consulting and construction services. 21

22 HOW? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Sustainable Construction; it requires willingness to explore new territory in construction approach and prepare to adopt new products, ideas and practices. 22

23 HOW? - SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) The direction of the construction industry is now shifting from developing with environmental concern as a small part of the process into having the development process being integrated within the wider context of environmental agenda. = 23

24 EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLE: DEVELOPMENT VS CONSTRUCTION The Principles of Sustainable Development Putting people at the centre Taking a long term perspective Taking account of costs and benefits The Interpretation of Sustainability Principles within Construction Industry Show concern for people by ensuring they live in a healthy, safe and productive built environment and in harmony with nature Safeguarding the interests of future generations while at the same time, meeting today s needs Evaluate the benefits and costs of the project to society and environment Creating an open and supportive economic system Combating poverty and social exclusion Creating a system which can flourish trades, improve collaboration and resource efficiency Improving the quality of buildings and services, create jobs opportunities and promote social cohesiveness Respecting environmental limits The precautionary principle Using scientific knowledge Transparency, information participation and access to justice Making the polluter pay Minimising damage to the environment and its resources Assessing risk and uncertainties before any action and rectify possible damage at source. Using technology and expert knowledge to seek information and in improving project efficiency and effectiveness Opportunities to improve access to information and encourage ethics and professionalism Legislation compliance and responsibility 24

25 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION The concept of sustainability must be applied into construction industry to influence the manner in which a project shall be conducted to strike a balance between conserving the environment and maintaining prosperity in development. 25

26 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Environment E E E S E E S E S Present Construction Proto- Truly Sustainable System System Sustainable System Evolving from Traditional to Sustainable Construction 26

27 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.) The concept of sustainable construction governs three main pillars: environmental protection, social well-being and economic prosperity. 27

28 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Abidin,

29 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION 1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION The built environment refers to the activities within the construction project itself, which may, if not handled effectively, have a serious adverse impact on the environment. Conserving natural resources. Although builders have little influence over the extraction of natural resources, they can help discourage this activity by demanding less non-renewable natural resources, more recycled materials, and efficient use of energy and mineral resources. 29

30 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION 2. SOCIAL WELL-BEING Social well-being concerns with the benefits of the workers and the future users. This aspect is concerned with: human feelings: security, satisfaction, safety and comfort, and human contributions: skills, health, knowledge and motivation. 30

31 CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION 3. ECONOMIC PROSPERITY Micro economic focuses on the factors or activities which could lead to monetary gains from the construction. While macro economic relates to the advantages gained by the public and government from the project success. 31

32 PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE IN CONSTRUCTION 1. Minimize resource consumption (conserve) 2. Maximize resource reuse (reuse) 3. Use renewable or recyclable resources (renew/recycle) 4. Protect the natural environment (protect nature) 5. Create a healthy, non-toxic environment (non-toxics) 6. Apply life cycle cost analysis and true cost (economics) 7. Pursue quality in creating the built environment (quality) 32

33 PRINCIPLES OF IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE IN CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Based on Kibert s Principles Concepts of Sustainable Construction 33

34 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: SOME STRATEGIES 1. Procurement: Specific procurement strategies to ensure sustainable construction requirements are addressed. 2. Site / Environment: Methods to reduce the environmental impact of construction on the project site and surrounding environment are identified. 3. Material Selection: Identifies environmentally friendly building materials as well as harmful and toxic materials that should be avoided. 4. Waste Prevention: Methods to reduce and eliminate waste on construction projects are identified. 5. Recycling: Identifies materials to recycle at each phase of construction and methods to support the onsite recycling effort. 6. Energy: Methods to ensure and improve the building s energy performance, reduce energy consumed during construction, and identify opportunities to use renewable energy sources. 7. Building and Material Reuse: Identifies reusable materials and methods to facilitate the future reuse of a facility, systems, equipment, products and materials. 8. Health and Safety: Methods to improve the quality of life for construction workers are identified. 9. Indoor Environment Quality: Methods to ensure indoor environmental quality measures during construction are managed and executed properly. 34

35 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIONS? ANY SUGGESTION? Construction Project Management Facilities Management Construction Management Site Management SEVERAL SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES: 1.Procurement 2.Site / Environment 3.Material Selection 4.Waste Prevention 5.Recycling 6.Energy 7.Building and Material Reuse 8.Health and Safety 9.Indoor Environment Quality Planning Design Procurement 1 Construction Site activities started Handover 5+7 Liability period Decommissioning 6+7

36 BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION The concept of green building costs lower than conventional method and saves energy. Sustainable buildings will contribute positively to better quality of life, work efficiency and healthy work environment. Sustainable construction will enable the construction players to be more responsible to the environmental protection needs without neglecting the social and economic needs in striving for better living. 36

37 More information.. 1. Towards sustainable construction: promotion and best practices 2. Sustainable Construction in Malaysia Developers Awareness 3. Issues and Challenges in Sustainable Construction in the Built Environment: Malaysia Construction Industry Initiatives 4. Sustainability Factors in Industrialised Building System 37

38 2.4: MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVES 38

39 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN MALAYSIA Malaysia s Vision 2020 published in 1993: one of the basic visions that emerged is for the country to be ecologically sustainable. The issue of sustainable development has emerged as one of the top issues in the Eight Malaysia Plan ( ): the government gave high priority to research and development as one of their strategy for sustainable development. The Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIBD) also gave concerted efforts in dealing with sustainable issues through extensive researches. 39

40 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN MALAYSIA (cont.) The subject of sustainability continues to be one of the important agenda of the government since it has been identified as one of the five key thrusts in the Ninth Malaysia Plan, which was unveiled on the 31st March Many local universities (government & private entities) shows interest in researching on the sustainable issues in construction. 40

41 EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION Tanarimba at Janda Baik, Pahang. DDC Project (Demonstration and Documentation Centre for Sustainable Urban Household Energy Usage), launched in 2004 by the Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (CETDEM). Malaysia Energy Centre (PTM) on zero energy office building (ZEO) at Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor. The Planning and National Development Doctrine (DPPS), served as the foundation for the planning and development of Putrajaya and Cyberjaya. A total of 32 physical planning guidelines were established by the Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) to ensure sustainable development of area such as coastal areas, islands, open space, housing, retention ponds, solid waste disposal areas, conservation of trees and for environmentally sensitive areas. 41

42 EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Tanarimba at Janda Baik, Pahang. sustainable housing project blends man-made and natural elements exciting concept of ecologically sensitive community development introduces the world to eco-tourism opportunities in Malaysian highlands has been dubbed as the forefront of the ecological movement in construction 42

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44 EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) Menara Mesiniaga, Subang Jaya: Sky gardens that serve as villages Spiraling vertical landscape Recessed and shaded windows on the East and West Curtain wall glazing on the North and South Single core service on hot side -East Naturally ventilated and sunlit toilets, stairways and lift lobbies Spiral balconies on the exterior walls with full height sliding doors to interior offices 44

45 Hong Kong Science Park Solar Glass Sunshades are extensively incorporated into the external facades to shield direct sunlight penetration, reducing heat gain to the office so as to reduce electricity consumption for air conditioning Here s an example of day lighting at the Hong Kong Science Park. Notice that the light is filtered through translucent skylights and clerestories in a central atrium, thus reducing glare and overheating. The top of the building has shades, see them after the jump:

46 PUNGGOL ECO-TOWN, SINGAPORE At Punggol Eco-Town, the elements of nature will be harnessed in line with the concept of green living by the waters Integrated public transport system Charging stations for electric cars Cycling lanes 3.2 megawatt solar farm pumping straight into the grid and eliminate the use of batteries. [see the Star 5 Oct 2010 p. T3] 46

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48 Hong Kong Science Park Solar Glass The installation of BIPV panels can pursue new clean energy technologies, reduce consumption of natural resources and cut emissions to the atmosphere. It can save approximately 250MWh of electricity consumption annually. BIPV panels have been fitted to the facade, the louvers and the roof canopy of the Buildings in Phase 1. The BIPV is connected to the electricity grid and have an approximately 200 kilo-watt output.

49 ZEO Building, Bangi Another example Zero Energy Office (ZEO) houses the Malaysia Energy Centre. It was built with a targeted building energy index [BEI] of as low as 50 kwh/m2 per year; and with the use of renewable energy to bring the building to a zero energy status. ZEO is the only such building in Malaysia that integrates energy efficiency and renewable energy in one working demonstrator building. 49

50 THE DIAMOND BUILDING [THE HEADQUARTERS OF ENERGY COMMISSION OF MALAYSIA [ BEI of 61KwH/m2] AND THE PRIME MINISTER S DEPARTMENT [RETROFIT TO GREEN STANDARDS], PUTRAJAYA 50

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54 EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) 54

55 EXAMPLES IN MALAYSIA: SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION (cont.) it can reduce up to 55

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