Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Urban Policies in the Philippines MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES

Transcription

1 Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Urban Policies in the Philippines MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO NATIONAL URBAN POLICIES

2 Country name: Philippines Population Country profile 100, 096,496 (2014): 1.38% of the world s population Growth/year: 1.81% (2014 estimate) Urban population: 49% (2013 NSO) Urban annual growth rate 4% (NSO 2010 census) GDP per capita : US$ 2,765.1 Climate: Tropical and maritime, characterized by relatively high temperature, high humidity and abundant rainfall. It is similar in many respects to the climate of the countries of Central America. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall are the most important elements of the country's weather and climate (Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration)

3 Main Problems related to CC in the Country and in Cities Philippine Vulnerabilities: Global Warming / Climate Change 1. HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO TROPICAL CYCLONES 2. HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO LANDSLIDES/ MUDSLIDES 3. HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOODING AND STORM SURGES Average: (20 Typhoons A Year) Located within Pacific typhoon belt area Archipelago composed of low lying small islands 70% of cities and municipalities are coastal areas

4 IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES 1. more frequent extreme weather/climate events Intense rains Decreased rainfall/ Longer dry period Flooding Events Landslides/ Mudslides Water stress (quantity & quality) Urban Systems Human Settlements Infrastructures Agriculture Forestry Livelihood Health Human Settlements 2. SEA LEVEL RISE Inundation of coastal areas & islands Wetlands & mangroves destruction Salt-water intrusion

5 IMPACTS OF RAPID URBANIZATION Chronic un - and under - employment (poverty issues) Inadequate housing Over crowding /Congestion Large scale urban Development eating up food production & protection area Decreasing green area Decreasing water supply Increasing GHG emission from construction, industries, transport and other sectors, & urban lifestyle Risks of disasters, e.g. flooding Health risks Overall decrease in quality of life

6 MAIN DRIVERS OF CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS: POLICIES Republic Act 9729 (Climate Change Act of 2009) o An Act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the Climate Change Commission, and for other purposes. Republic Act (DRRM Act of 2010) o An act strengthening the Philippine disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes. o National Climate Change Action Plan ( ) o Outlines the specific programs and strategies for adaptation and mitigation for 2011 to Republic Act 7279 (Urban Development Housing Act ) o An Act to provide for a comprehensive and continuing urban development and housing program, establish the mechanism for its implementation, and for other purposes Republic Act 8749 (Clean Air Act ) o An Act providing for a comprehensive air pollution control policy and for other purposes Republic Act (People s Survival Fund) An Act Establishing the People's Survival Fund to Provide Long-Term Finance Streams to Enable the Government to Effectively Address the Problem of Climate Change, Amending for the Purpose Republic Act No. 9729, Otherwise Known as the "Climate Change Act of 2009", and for Other Purposes. o

7 MAIN OPPORTUNITIES FOR MAINSTREAMING CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION: POLICIES AND PLANS National Urban Development and Housing Framework (NUDHF) The NUDHF is a framework plan mandated by Republic Act 7279 (UDHA Law) which contains policy statements that are designed to guide the Philippine government towards improving the performance and efficiency of the urban system. The present framework (NUDHF ) is now being updated by the HLURB in partnership with the HUDCC and with the support of UN Habitat. The updating of the NUDHF is a major opportunity to mainstream CC adaptation and mitigation as this shall be used primarily to guide the formulation and implementation of plans, programs and activities (PPAs) of both local and national governments through its strategic recommendations.

8 MAIN DRIVERS OF CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS: LOCAL LEVEL PLANS Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) HLURB has promulgated its 3-Volume CLUP Guidebooks 2013/2014 to guide cities and municipalities in formulating/updating their respective CLUPs under a Ridge-to-Reef or Integrated Ecosystems Management approach that also mainstreams climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management. Assessment of climate change and disaster risk and vulnerability was incorporated in the CLUP process so that the appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures are identified. These measures are applied in land use allocation, policies, programs and projects, land use and zoning regulations. Comprehensive Development Plan In partnership with the CCC and with assistance from the UNDP and Australian Aid, DILG is now enhancing its Guide to CDP Preparation for LGUs through the development of the Guidelines on Mainstreaming CCA and DRR in the Comprehensive Development Plan. This guide will also include policy or guide notes on deriving the LDRRMP and LCCAP from the CDP to simplify the planning process as well as mainstreaming these in the Local Development Investment Program and Annual Investment Plans. Setting development goals and strategies and identification of PPAs and other policy options will build on the situational analysis and climate and disaster risk and vulnerability assessment incorporated in the CLUP process as prescribed in the CLUP guidebooks of the HLURB. Local Climate Change Action Plan Eco-town Approach

9 MAIN BARRIERS OF CC ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION EFFORTS: LOCAL LEVEL PLANS Availability and readiness of basic requirements for integration in local plans Limitations on availability and understanding of 1:10,000 Hazard Maps lack or limited capacity of LGUs on utilization of hazard maps in local development plans lack or limited understanding of climate projections in relation to local development Data availability varies from one LGU to another, with lower income LGUs likely to have limited database/information critical for climate change integration

10 MAIN BARRIERS AND DRIVERS: DECISION-MAKING AND FINANCING Limited financial and technical capacity of cities to mainstream adaptation and mitigation actions - Political term is very short- no match with the long-term programming and implementation of CC projects; planning for urban resilience is long term and needs sustained financing Getting people out of harm s way is costly as 70% of LGUs are along the coast Lack of LGU understanding on scientific information on CC scenarios and impacts. at a scale relevant to decisionmakers

11 MAIN BARRIERS AND DRIVERS: STAKEHOLDERS Main Actors who can influence CCA and mitigation efforts: - National Government Agencies (the whole bureaucracy) - Local Government Units provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays (villages) Private Sectors, Academe/Learning Research Institutions, CSOs, POs (comprise ¼ of number of Local Development Council mandated to prepare local plans) How they influence each other They are mobilized to support CCA and DRRM according to existing laws Barrier for collaboration - If there are no incentives for business to comply with CC laws - If Climate Change is not considered as a priority for national urban policies

12 MAIN OPPORTUNITIES: STAKEHOLDERS Main national level actors influencing urban development The private sector driven by economic considerations and the government through urban development and land regulation Climate change (adaptation and mitigation) can become more important in their agenda by using economic, environmental and social indicators How could the national government support capacity development of local government for climate change adaptation and mitigation? Technical support on planning, training and resource linking for LDRRMCs other stakeholders CLUP, CDP, LCCAP, LDRRMP and other comprehensive plan formulation can be purposely made inclusive, participative, consultative - Facilitate City- to- City exchanges and sustained advocacy platforms

13 PRESENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES TO IMPLEMENT THE CCA-DRRM ENHANCED POLICIES AND GUIDELINES CLUP Guidebooks Ensures that zoning ordinances are resilient to climate changes and other natural hazards Capacitating stakeholders on resilient planning Strengthen Institutional Arrangements : NGAs, academe, CSO Establish climate index insurance Guidelines on Mainstreaming CCA-DRR in the Comprehensive Development Plans Ensures that Comprehensive Development Plans are climate and disaster risk sensitive Guidelines on Mainstreaming CCA-DRR in Local Development Planning Defines set of general LGU actions to ensure that CCA-DRR is mainstreamed in the entire local development planning systems and processes Strengthens Institutional Arrangements : NGAs, academe, CSO

14 PRESENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES TO IMPLEMENT THE CCA-DRRM ENHANCED POLICIES AND GUIDELINES NUDHF Updating of the NUDHF to mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management Collaborative arrangements with concerned agencies and groups for the preparation and implementation of the framework. Enhance hazard maps in uniform scales and completion of coverage for all LGUs Harmonization and production of 1:10,000 scale multi-hazard maps by CSCAND Agencies Making available the hazard maps to LGUs Enactment of National Land Use Act Inclusion of the CC agenda into the Habitat III Country Report and the New Urban Agenda with clear roles and accountabilities of local authorities Current review of National Building Code (resilient housing, infrastructures- critical point facilities, lifelines, etc)

15 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES Activities that can be proposed in the country Policy incentivizing development and use of renewable energy technologies -Massive Information campaign on Joint Memorandum Circular on Hazard Zone Classification After Typhoon Haiyan (signed by DENR, DILG, DND, DBM, DOST) - Scaling up of JMC on Hazard Zone Classification (for other LGUs) - Capacity building at LGU level on analytics for evidence-based planning and decision-making (e.g. use and interpretation of hazard maps, climate data, trends, scenarios)

16 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES - Scaling up of performance-based awards and incentives by upgrading indicators to include climate integration (e.g. DILG s Seal of Good Local Governance, Performance Challenge Fund, Bottom-up Budgeting Process, etc ) -