Multi-Source Energy Storage System Integrated in Buildings (MESSIB)

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1 Conference 2011 Conference under the patronage of the Polish National Contact Point for Research Programmes of the EU Supported by: Let s Construct Europe s Future With Innovative Buildings and Infrastructures Construction and Societal Challenges Radisson Blu Centrum Hotel - WARSAW 04 / 05 October 2011 Multi-Source Energy Storage System Integrated in Buildings (MESSIB) Mid-term results, Construction Cluster of Slovenia Project is partly supported by European Commission. Publication reflects the view of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

2 Project and partners FP7 work programme topic addressed: NMP: Resource Efficient and Clean Buildings Type of funding scheme: Collaborative Project ii) Large-scale integrating project 4 years 10 MEUR

3 Objective and technologies being developed d The objective of the project is to develop and integrate a new energy storage capacity in buildings able to reduce the energy consumption by thermal storage, and active management of the energy demand by electrical storage. Main technologies to develop under the project are: Thermal storage (heat absorbing slurries and geothermal energy) Electrical storage (flywheels and vanadium red-ox flow batteries)

4 Research objectives Reduce the energy demand of buildings from the grid Reduce the total energy costs by shifting energy from where and when it is not needed to moments and regions of the building where it can be of most value. Reduce the energy peaks creating a non saturated grid reducing the overload times which will increase the security and efficiency of the network. Reduce emissions i with renewable sources, storing renewable energy during low load times and allowing storage of Off-grid PV & Wind energy.

5 Research objectives (cont) Renewal energy sources integrated with the storage technologies in the building. Combination of thermal and electrical energy storage. Combination of short by means of the PCMs and FW and long term storage by means of GS and VRB. Simulation tools to properly integrate t the technologies developed, d in the design phase of the building. Advanced intelligent control system to manage the energy demand of buildings by adapting the storage times and rates to the different energy customers demand profiles. Adapt the developments to Cultural Heritage applications Technical and economical feasibility studies in a real district level in Madrid.

6 Demonstration objectives Installation, monitorisation and evaluation the system in two buildings fully equipped with sensors for monitoring through a wireless network : New residential in Greece (Mediterranean climatic conditions), that will be built within the running I-SSB FP6 IP Existing office building in Germany, at the Fraunhofer ISE installations, in the Solar House in Freiburg, specially equipped with RES (central European climate).

7 WPs WP1Meeting costumers and value chain requirements, driving forces and trends WP2 Thermal Energy Storage Technologies for buildings: PCMs and ground storage WP3 Energy Storage Technologies for buildings: Flywheels and Batteries WP4 Integration of the Multi-source Storage Technologies with conventional installations ti WP5 Smart energy management system WP6 Demonstration in a new residential and in an existing office building. WP7 Extension of the Multisource Energy Storage and Smart energy management system to a district level. WP8 Adaptation of the developed technologies to Cultural Heritage applications WP9 Pre normative research WP10 Exploitation and Business models for Energy Storage Services WP11 Awareness, dissemination, i networking and training i

8 Main results - economic Reduction of the energy consumption from the grid Savings on household energy bills Reduce the outage costs, improving grid reliability Promotion and sale of new and renovated energy efficient buildings based on energy storage technologies Soil optimization services New Services for the applicability of MESSIB at district level New Services for CH buildings applicability of the technologies New services based on new business models for energy storage.

9 Technologies under development PCM (phase change materials) slurry Microcapsules of hydrated salts Active thermal construction components based on PCM materials. Conductive fluid material for soil treatment Optimized ground storage system Flywheel system optimized for buildings. Red-ox flow batteries. Energy Management System with energy storage capacity Integration of the multy-source Storage technologies with conventional installations ti

10 Phase Change Slurries Target : to increase the heat capacity of water within the melting range of the PCM. In the MESSIB project we use paraffin as PCM which melts between 10 and 17 C. So this PCS can be used as heat transfer and storage fluid for cooling application a storage capacity which is two time higher than that of pure water The PCS appears as white fluid which shows a viscosity in the ranges between 40 and 80 mpas and a heat capacity of 60 kj/kgk when operated between 10 and 17 C. The slurry shows a very good stability when applied to hydraulic cycles. It was tested to withstand cycles in a testing containing flat plate heat exchangers and centrifugal pumps. Info: Stefan Gschwander FHG Info: Stefan Gschwander, FHG, stefan.gschwander@ise.fraunhofer.de

11 Microencapsulation of salt and salt hydrates Compared to paraffin salt and salt hydrates show a much higher volumetric heat capacity, they are non-flammable an therefore they are well suited to be applied to buildings. But as they are hydrophilic (tends to be dissolved by water ) and contain a very well defined water fraction (salt hydrates) the requirements to the shell is much higher as for shells used to encapsulate paraffin or other organic materials. Different groups of the MESSIB consortium are developing the microencapsulation of salts and salthydrates. Fraunhofer ISC - a salt hydrate is dropped in to a solution ORMOCER which builds a shell around the PCM. encapsulation of salt hydrate was successfully done but the shells are not water tight and stable enough to be applied to construction materials like plasters or to mix them into water.

12 Computational models of the innovative elements integrated in a building CSTB has developed a simulation code for an advanced ground storage technology including borehole heat exchangers and heat pumps combined with floor heating systems. This storage technology consists in the injection of a conductive fluid material (CFM) in the ground, around the boreholes, o es, in order to increase conductivity of the surrounding soil The simulation objective is to evaluate the theoretical potential of this technology to decrease building energy consumption and to diminish the size of the borehole heat exchanger. NTUA.HMCS has developed three computational models regarding phase change materials in passive components such as gypsum boards and one simulation tool for predicting fire growth/spread/decay FhG ISE has developed a simulation model for PCM/PCS, which is implemented in the simulation environment of ColSim. ColSim is a simulation tool developed at Fraunhofer ISE for thermal systems like collector and heating loops.

13 Ground storage Simulation of ground storages modeled and processed by CSTB. Research and comparison of different thermal conductivities of the ground with and without CFMs - for different locations and the impact on the seasonal performance factor (SPF) and Global performace factor (GPF).

14 Ground storage - definitions SPF is defined as the ratio between energy for heating produced by heat pump and electricity energy needed for this production Global performance factor (GPF): It characterizes the annual system performance for heating and cooling. It is calculated by the ratio between total thermal energy produced by the heat pump (heating and cooling) and the total electric consumption of the heat pump Conductive Fluid materials CSM - Conductive Fluid materials

15 Simulation of PCM-construction materials Different simulation models were developed to evaluate the effects of PCM when applied to different applications. The image below shows one example of this simulation for a chilled ceiling with different placement of the pipes. Simulation using HETRAN for two designs of a chilled ceiling system done by partner NTUA. The result shows that a thick layer of plaster board can not sufficiently cooled by the pipe placed in the center. INFO: NTUA.HMCS

16 Simulation of PCM-construction materials If using a PCS heat exchangers are necessary to charge or discharge the slurry. The graph above shows one example of a simulation that was done at Fraunhofer ISE to compare a flat plate heat exchanger when operated water or a PCS. It can be seen, that when the heat exchanger is operated using water on the PCS side the temperature is deeper (Tout2) then with PCS. This is due to the higher viscosity of PCS. As a result the heat exchangers have to be designed with a larger exchange area.

17 BTES (Borehole Thermal Energy Storage) Ground is utilized as a storage increasing or reducing the temperature in the ground in a significant way off from the natural temperature levels not only as a heat source or heat sink (for cooling) Several ground heat exchangers are used and the heat waves have to interfere with each other The ultimate t installation ti requires the same amount of heat during winter and cool during the summer, that is, a so-called balanced BTES. MESSIB research done by UPONOR: a need for an improved GHEX (Ground Heat Exchanger) to really exploit the potential to use the ground as a seasonal BTES. Info: Peter Platell, UPONOR, Peter.Platell@uponor.com

18 BTES (Borehole Thermal Energy Storage) UPONOR has developed one ground heat exchanger called G12 based on this research report results. The G12 has been installed in two bore holes during the summer 2010 and measured by fiber optics along the length of the G12 to get temperature profile along the vertical bore hole. The G12 offers higher heat transfer per length compared to conventional U-loop. The performance is about % better than U-loops depending on operation conditions. With the characteristics that G12 offer it is expected to obtain seasonal ground energy storage with lower heat losses and hence, make it more efficient to store heat from summer to winter. If there is no need for space cooling during summer the BTES has to be charged with other green energy. Such a green energy can be solar energy from cheap low temperature solar collectors.

19 Redox flow batteries The vanadium redox flow battery is a type of rechargeable flow battery that employs vanadium ions in different oxidation states to store chemical potential energy - excellently suited for intermediate storing of electricity in hybrid PV and wind mini-grids and grid connected applications like in buildings Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) features essential advantages compared to conventional electric storage units: Separation of the conversion and storage units, high electric efficiency, good cycling stability and thus long lifetime, no degradation effects in the electrolyte arising from cross-contamination via the membrane. Martin Dennenmoser, FHG, martin.dennenmoser@ise.fraunhofer.de

20 Redox flow batteries Within the European project MESSIB, potential of the all-vanadium redox flow battery is investigated, starting from system concepts for different applications, cell and stack design, fluid simulations, component development and construction, development and implementation of optimised operating control strategies within a smart redox flow control, stack and system characterisation as well as simulation of these storage units. The final result will be the installation in the solarhaus in Freiburg to show the advantages of the MESS technology. Martin Dennenmoser, FHG, martin.dennenmoser@ise.fraunhofer.de 1 kw 6 kwh redox flow battery

21 Flywheel Raquel Ferret, ZIGOR, Gabriella Norcia, DAP, A flywheel is a mechanical device with a significant moment of inertia used as a storage device for rotational energy. Lower carbon emissions, faster response times and ability to buy power at offpeak hours are among some advantages of using flywheels instead of traditional sources of energy. MESSIB advanced flywheel energy storage system has rotor made of high strength carbon filaments, suspended by magnetic bearings, and spinning at speeds up to 50,000 rpm in a vacuum enclosure. Such flywheels can come up to speed in a matter of minutes much quicker than some other forms of energy storage. the energy to be stored influences the dimensions and the angular speed of the FW rotor and in turn it is limited by the mechanical characteristics of the material used

22 Flywheel research done Raquel Ferret, ZIGOR, Gabriella Norcia, DAP, pre-design of a hybrid flywheel, whose characteristics will make it suitable to be used in a building as an electrical storage system (Acciona,D Appolonia, Tekniker, Zigor) numerical analyses were carried out for evaluating the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the composite flywheel (D Appolonia). simulation with PSCAD model with the objective of creating a model for 100kVA flywheel energy storage with grid connection (VTT). According to the Description of Work, the FW for the MESSIB project should be able to store 300MJ. This energy requirement would lead to a high rotational speed and a big rotor if stored in a single FW, which means problems in terms of safety, materials choice, vibration and eccentricity of the wheel as, well as instability of the shaft. To avoid all these problems, during the Steering Committee it was decided to design a FW system in series constituted by FW of 4 30 MJ each.

23 Thank you for your attention Construction cluster of Slovenia