The Urban Nexus. 20 May 2014, Bonn International Conference on Sustainability in the W-E-F Nexus

Transcription

1 The Urban Nexus Operationalizing the Nexus in cities and city-regions for efficient, effective, customizable and resilient urban projects and investments 20 May 2014, Bonn International Conference on Sustainability in the W-E-F Nexus Kathrine Brekke, Urban Researcher ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability

2 WHY an URBAN Nexus? Responding to fundamental challenges confronting a rapidly urbanizing world: 2. Increasing demand for better quality of urban spaces 3. Increasing cost of urban production & lifestyles 4. Increasing urban risk & vulnerability 1. Increasing demand for more urban space The Urban Nexus Approach 5. Declining fiscal support for urban development

3 WHY an Urban NEXUS? Cities are complex, fast-changing, and highly interdependent s ste s ea i g, full of opportu ities! To control complexities and chaos of cities, modern urbanism divided and dis-integrated them into parts failure to recognize opportunities based on interconnected nature of cities and city-regions NEED to (RE)-INTEGRATE the city

4 WHAT is the Urban Nexus? An integrated urban policy, project design and management approach to counter sectoral thinking for sustainable urban development The Urban Nexus approach focuses on identifying and developing opportunities to achieve multiple urban policy objectives through single investments, projects, or programmes A governance approach to establish inter-sectoral and integrated urban management (systems), institutional arrangements, new policies, awareness and capacity building etc. Increase the efficiency, effectiveness, suitability and resilience of urban projects and investments (through re-integration of the city place by place, system by system, institution by institution).

5 Areas and scales of Urban NEXUS OPPORTUNITIES in cities and city-regions Opportunities/synergies from integrating Urban Nexus measures across: 1. Systems & Resources E.g. using waste from one urban sector as a resource for in others, treating sludge and waste-water for fertilizer and grey water for agricultural irrigation, or landfill redevelopment to control GHG emissions and exploit gas-to-electricity and include on-site conservation measures to improve biodiversity (the Marianhill landfill in Durban, South Africa). 1. Services & Facilities E.g. using public facilities such as schools for other services such as food or energy production; or integrating services such as waste management with social inclusion, mobility and poverty reduction measures. 2. I stitutio al a d a agerial silos E.g. Hannover merged municipal departments for Environment and Economic Affairs; or e us Task For es to ri g a tors together arou d o o i tegrated proje ts 3. Social Behaviors E.g. activities and communications to change social behaviors and attitudes 4. ales of the it s uild e viro e ts a d i frastru tures E.g. integrated approaches to service different scales, such as individual facilities, neighbourhoods, specialized districts like central business and cultural districts, places of regional-global connectivity such as airport and port districts, and city-wide and regional mobility corridors.

6 Example: Curitiba, Brazil A city with typical challenges: Bi-annual floods (city situated in flood plain between two rivers) Growing informal settlements of low-income migrants in high risk areas Congested and underdeveloped road system poorly regulated bus operators and growing number of private automobiles Few public amenities, parks, recreational and cultural facilities natural habitats being destroyed.

7 Conventional Urban Management Approach Application of established, technically distinct solutions through administratively distinct units: Road Network Improvement Programme River Canalization Programme Multiple separate, single-purpose solutions Recreational & Cultural Facilities Development Programme Slum Clearance & Resettlement Programme

8 The Nexus Approach to Urban Management Customisation of coordinated, integrated solutions, providing incentives for preventative & participatory co-management. High Density Mixed-Use Public Transit High Density & Express Mixed-Use Automobile Public Transit Corridors & Express Automobile Corridors Six challenges addressed by a customised, integrated solution set Integrating across: Resource Systems I stitutio al/ a agerial silos Services & Facilities Social Behaviors Scales of built env. & infrastructure Housing Supply Incentive System

9 Multiple Nexus Opportunities Transport Corridor Nexus High Density Mixed-Use Public Transit & Express Automobile Corridors River Corridor Nexus Natural Flood Plain & Catchment Pond System Six challenges addressed by a customised, integrated solution set Multi-Purpose Riverine Park System Housing Supply Incentive System

10 Example: Waste-to-Energy, Biodiversity and Environmental Education Mariannhill Landfill Conservancy - ethekweni/durban, South Africa Four in one: landfill, public space for community, conservancy and power plant all in one site. Integrating two very different systems: environmental conservation and waste management Services: conservancy facilities (Plant Rescue Unit, Red Data Species, Biological Control, Migration Corridor) follow and monitor wildlife inside the conservancy; and waste management facilities (landfill and leachate treatment) Second phase integrated a 3rd system: power generation with landfill-gas to energy plant Participation from all sectors, Mariannhill Landfill Conservancy Council includes: Representatives of local inhabitants (Pinetown Ratepa ers, Private se tor Co pass Waste ervi es, NGOs (KZN Wildlife), Municipal Departments of Waste, and the Department of Health Opportunities/synergies from integrating across: Resource Systems Institutional a d a agerial silos Services & Facilities Social Behaviors ales of the it s built environments and infrastructures

11 Other Examples: Waste-to-Energy for Transportation Lille: waste biogas public transportation (biogas buses) Starting in 1994 with 4 "biobuses", organic household waste now fuels 400 public buses in Lille. Linköping: plant processes about 45,000 tons of organic waste per ear, fuels the Cit s uses a d over 1000 private vehicles Service, Behavioral and Social Integration Sulabh Toilets International (non-profit): Revolutionizing the sanitation sector in India, an initiative to combine technology, education and social refor, to eradi ate s ave gi g, manual cleaning of human excreta from dry latrines Replacing dry latrines with toilets in innovative and appropriate sanitation s ste s, providi g dig ified jo s for for er a ual s ave gers. Biogas plants designed by Sulabh installed at 200 public toilets, and the biogas produced is used for cooking and electricity generation

12 Operationalizing the Urban NEXUS - a study and how to guide by GIZ and ICLEI NEXUS OBJECTIVE Increase the efficiency, effectiveness, suitability and resilience of urban projects and investments. NEXUS OPPORTUNITIES Re-integrate across: 1. Systems & Resources 2. Scales 3. Services & Facilities 4. Institutions / silos 5. Social Behaviours NEXUS DEVELOPMENT CYCLE 1. Identify 2. INNOVATE 3. Design & Deliver 4. Capacitate & Communicate 5. Mainstream STRATEGY QUESTIONS FOR STAKEHOLDERS NEXUS INNOVATION AREAS 1. Law & Policy 2. Design & Technology 3. Delivery Models 4. Communications & User Behaviours 5. Institutional Development What improvements in organisational and resource productivity are targeted? How will we measure nexus success? What productivity enhancing synergies and benefits that can be gained by reintegrating two or more operations or systems? What process can be used to accelerate preparation, testing, and scaling of nexus solutions? What measures and reforms are required to enable the nexus solution?

13 Operationalizing the Urban NEXUS - a study and how to guide by GIZ-ICLEI The Project Cycle and Innovation Process E. MAINSTREAM E.1 Monitor & Ma age the olutio E.2 Evaluate E.3 Mainstream Nexus Solutions A. IDENTIFY A.1 Scope the Opportunity A.2 Pre-Feasibility Review A.3 The Stakeholders A.4 The Desired Performance Outcomes A.5 Mandate B. INNOVATE Urban Nexus solution elements Design/Technology D. CAPACITATE & COMMUNICATE D.1 Institutions D.2 Knowledge Management & Diffusion D.3 Benefits & Behaviours C. DESIGN & DELIVER C.1 Technical Specifications C.2 Assurance & User Acceptance

14 The Urban Nexus: bridging gaps between widely supported international development goals and persistent, on the ground actualities. The Urban Nexus Opportunity Global Development Goals National Urbanisation Strategies & Policies Local & Regional Urban Practices

15 Thank you for your attention! Kathrine Brekke, Urban Researcher, ICLEI World Secretariat: For more information about the GIZ-ICLEI Urban Nexus project, contact: Urban Research Unit, ICLEI World Secretariat We thank our partners in the Urban Nexus project: and the City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Municipal Corporation of Nashik, India. ICLEI project partners: ICLEI Africa, ICLEI South Asia, and Jeb Brugmann of The Next Practice Ltd.