The Nairobi Water Fund in the Upper Tana Basin of Kenya

Transcription

1 The Nairobi Water Fund in the Upper Tana Basin of Kenya 25 July 2015 Cali, Colombia APR 2015 Fred Kizito

2 Partners The Upper Tana: Nairobi Water Fund Kenya Donors- WLE, UNDP- GEF, SIDA- ACT!, IFAD, UNEP, GIZ, TNC PRIVATE ENTITIES Research- Research- Future Water, Natural Capital Project, WLE and CIAT Corporates- EABL, Coca- Cola, Nairobi Water Round Table

3 The Upper Tana Basin of Kenya

4 The Upper Tana Basin of Kenya

5 From Ecosystems services to Value as a pillar Biophysical Social Ecosystem Structure Supply Production Function Service Human locations & Activities Benefit Social preferences

6 The 5 year span Milestones towards impact IMPACT - ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, LIVELIHOOD NEEDS Good quality water, adequate supply of clean water, lowering the costs to treat and distribute water through protection of valuable farmland upstream 2013:Targeting -Identified priority landscape areas with an ecosystem based approach -Incentive mechanisms identified 2014/15: Registration, Launch, Research - As charitable trust: launched 03/2015 -Mapping prioritization and Modeling 2012: Networking (Partnerships) - Private sector -Farming communities - Government buy-in -- Research entities (CIAT, NatCap & Future Water) 2012/13: Proof of Concept - Designing of demonstration projects -Work Plan implementation 5 year plan -Continued outreach and fundraising 2011/12:Scoping, Feasibility Scoping survey across Africa, feasibility study and stakeholder surveys

7 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Turbidity (NTU) Development Challenge Development challenge Nairobi Water Supply Catchment Ndakaini Dam 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 Inflow Water Turbidity at Ng ethu Treatment Works (Water Fund Interventions aimed at reducing turbidity to below 500NTU) Daily Maximum Turbidity 30 Day Moving Average Max. Turbidity 2,500 N gethu Treatment Works 2,000 1,500 1, City of Nairobi Erosion and sedimentation Poor water quality Very low flows during the dry season Costly hydro-power generation

8 Water Fund Objectives PRIMARY: Sediment retention for Water quality CO-BENEFITS: Baseflow for Water availability

9 How the fund envisions success The Water Fund will establish a revolving fund to support landconservation measures upstream The Nairobi Water Fund Business Case Analysis of the benefits from a US$10 million investment in sustainable land management interventions through the Water Fund over 30-years Average sediment concentration by month at the intake area for Nairobi s water (mg/kg) showing a sediment concentration reduced by 50 60% Reproduced from TNC, 2015 Source: TNC, Upper Tana- Nairobi Water Fund Business Case. Version 2. The Nature Conservancy: Nairobi, Kenya.

10 Will impact be achieved? Monitoring the performance of sustainable land management strategies and so deliver proof of concept Monitoring subwatersheds (with partners)- detects system wide changes Monitoring microwatersheds to test the efficiency of practices in reducing sedimentation; but also: the feasibility of interventions for people; the impact of interventions on other ES; trade-offs involved in implementing interventions.

11 Research for impact Field monitoring and capacity building

12 Sub-watershed monitoring Subwatersheds measuring river height on all major rivers and turbidity probes on three major rivers (hourly), one installed by CIAT Turbidity (NTU) of river water measured over the period of one month at hourly intervals in Kamakia river Measured with a Greenspan Turbidity Meter

13 Micro-watershed monitoring Microwatersheds Impact and control sites Interventions will be implemented in impact sites after 6 months of monitoring Before After Control Impact (BACI) design Monitoring water quality and quantity Map produced by Kirk Klausmeyer, TNC

14 Turbidity NTU Micro-watershed monitoring Mapping microwatersheds to ensure they fulfill certain criteria; originally chosen from partner recommendations Bimonthly monitoring of turbidity and other properties Turbidity (NTU) of river water at microwatershed site Thika valley before and after a rainstorm and of runoff entering the river Normal After rain Runoff Based only on one sample from one day! 1056 Runoff entering clear water

15 Private Sector-farmer linkages Fundamental Model for Water Fund in Kenya Water Users $$ Watershed keepers Strong Governance & Endowment Funding Use and growth CLEAN & AVAILABLE WATER Raw materials Quality Watershed

16 Land use changes tea, vegetables and grassland to cereals cereals and forest to tea and coffee agriculture to forest

17 Sorghum assessments Stakeholder Engagement

18 Sorghum assessments Stakeholder Engagement

19 Annual Moisture Fluxes (m3) Annual Moisture Fluxes (m3) Comparative flux assessments Maize Precipitation Evaporation Flow to Groundwater Surface Runoff Transpiration Sorghum Precipitation Evaporation Flow to Groundwater Surface Runoff Transpiration All Years All Years

20 Seasonal crop yield (kg ha-1) Cereal prices (Kshs/kg) Cereals assessments Maize Sorghum Vegetables Maize Sorghum Cropping regimes 0 Sorghum yields are masked by other Considerations of pests and diseases, drought years

21 Engagements for uptake Moving forwards Need for stakeholder engagement through participatory processes: preferences, tradeoffs and feasibility Incorporate results into stakeholder platforms which will examine how investments and incentives into SLM can be designed. Motivation of investors, active engagement of resource stewards, environmental considerations Uptake and policy Results will be given to the WRMAs, Water Fund monitoring team, Steering committee and NGOs implementing Water Fund activities so that Water Fund investment strategies can be adapted if necessary.

22 The Nature conservancy, Water Management Resources Authority (WRMA), Sustainable Agricultural Community Development Programme (SACDEP), Green Belt Movement and Kenya National Farmers Program

23 Thanks for your attention Donors- WLE, UNDP- GEF, SIDA- ACT!, IFAD, UNEP, GIZ, TNC PRIVATE ENTITIES Courtesy of Fred Kihara (TNC) Corporates-EABL, Coca- Cola, Nairobi Water Round Table Research- Future Water, Natural Capital Project, and CIAT