SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAWI

Transcription

1 SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAWI Leonard J. Gobede. Msc. Principal Energy Officer SADC Europe Solar Energy Research Symposium Crossroads Hotel Lilongwe 20th 22nd September, 2011.

2 Presentation Outline Introduction Malawi s energy Sector overview Motivation for RETs Government Policy Challenges for RETs Solar Energy Promotion programmes Solar/wind hybrid system

3 Introduction about Malawi Area:118,484 sq. km Area:118,484 sq. km Density: 118/ sq.km Pop.: 13.6 million GDP: $10.6 bil (2007) Per capita: $270

4 Administrative Map of Malawi Area Population

5 Overview of Energy Resources Sources of energy in Malawi include: Biomass Coal Perennial rivers for hydropower generation High solar irradiation for PV & photo-thermal Wind energy for water pumping and solar/wind hybrid systems Uranium deposits prospects for nuclear power generation.

6 Categories of Energy resources ENERGY RESOURCES Biomass Electricity LF&Gas Coal Renewables -Charcoal -firewood -residues -hydro -thermal -petrol -diesel -Paraffin -Avgas -Gel fuel -solar -wind -biogas -mini & micro hydro

7 A. Biomass Dominates the energy balance Accounts for 97% of production (52% used in its primary form as firewood; 7% as residues; and 41% converted to charcoal) Energy sub-sectors

8 Energy sub-sectors cont B. Electricity, Coal & Uranium total estimated installed capacity 304MW Electricity is almost all hydropower installed capacity is MW Uranium mining commenced in April, Nkula Hydro Power Station

9 Energy sub-sectors cont C. Petroleum Products 97% of petroleum products are imported 3% comprises of locally produced ethanol which is blended with petrol at a ratio of 20:80 Installed capacity of ethanol production is 36 million litres/annum

10 Energy sub-sectors cont D. Other Renewables (RETs) These include: Solar PV, biogas, wind, mini & micro-hydro, biofuels, etc. RETs have made little contributions Low RETs uptake has largely been due to: a) relatively high up-front costs b) absence of appropriate institutional delivery mechanisms and, c) a poor track record

11 Energy mix projections, Source Biomass LF& Gas Electricity Coal RETs Nuclear TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% Source: Dept. of Energy (2000) Source: Draft Malawi BEST (2008)

12 Energy usage by sector Household sector is dominant user (84% of total consumption) 8 % used in agricultural and natural resources 4% in transport 2% in industry and mining 2% in other social services Household Agric & Natural Resources Industry and mining Transport Others social service

13 Total Energy Demand Total Energy Demand by sector Total Energy Demand by fuel

14 Other Renewable Energy Sources Opportunities for ORES: Resource potential Wind speeds of 2-7 m/s adequate for water pumping and solar/wind hybrid systems Solar radiation of 21.1 MJ/m2/day for PVs & Photo-thermal Perennial rivers with hydropower potential of 900MW Large biomass stocks and animal population for biogas power generation

15 ORES cont Technical Existence of technically mature and commercially viable RETs Economic Fiscal measures (e.g. waiver of duty/surtax on RETs) Donor willingness to promote RETs 92% of population without access to electricity

16 ORES cont Governance and Institutional arrangements NSREP as focal point for RETs activities Enabling environment i.e. a) Energy Policy b) Environmental Policy and Management Act c) Forestry Policy and Forestry Act.

17 ORES cont Challenges for ORES Technical Lack of local capacity in manufacturing, distribution, installation and maintenance of RETs Lack of information of efficacy of RETs Economic High up-front costs Lack of dedicated financing mechanisms Very small industry

18 ORES cont Governance and Institutional Lack of clear government policy on RETs Lack of system standards and industry code of practice Lack of regulatory framework Social and Cultural Gender insensitivity Unacceptability of systems using human waste

19 Programmes for the promotion of Solar Energy Technologies National Sustainable Renewable Energy Programme (NASREP), (1999 with support from UNDP) NSREP as focal point for RETs activities Increase access & efficient use of RE in Malawi Barrier Removal to Renewable Energies in Malawi(BARREM) (2001 with support from (GEF, UNDP, and SOBO) Increase adoption and utilization of solar PV systems Reduce Mt of co2 green house gases emissions per yr. 0.19MW installed over the life time of the project Through BARREM _Training Centre for Renewable Energy Technologies (TCRET) Training and accrediting technicians RETs testing and certification services

20 Programmes for the promotion of Solar Energy Technologies Cont.. Promotion of Alternative Energy Sources in Malawi (PAESP), GoM since Jan, 2007 Significantly increase the country s reliance on nontraditional fuels for cooking and heating 13 technologies identified for promotion under PAESP including Solar PV Technology solar thermal and wind Village Electrification Project (VEP) DOE through MAREP implementing VEP using solar-wind hybrid systems Main thrust -to experiment on the suitability of stand-alone RETs for rural electrification in order to increase access to modern energy services by the rural communities Phase 1: three villages electrified (South, Central & North) Phase 2: three villages to be electrified (South,Central& North)

21 Thank you for you attention