What s New With Plastic Pipes?

Transcription

1 What s New With Plastic Pipes? - An Overview Dr. Gene Palermo Palermo Plastics Pipe (P 3 ) Consulting

2 New High Performance Bimodal PE Materials New PA-11 Material New RTP Composite Pipe Summary

3 Camille Rubeiz PE in earthquakes David Fink High performance HDPE - PE 4710 Ernest Lever HDPE fittings - lifetimes Louis Leonardi Large diameter HDPE pipe Jim Craig HDPE butt fusion

4 What is Special About Bimodal PE Materials? Fraction % Process- Mechanical ability strength lubricant tie molecules Taste, odour, smoke, migration Body Processability melt strength, swell, orientation development Bimodal Conventional Molecular weight

5 Introduced in Europe as PE 100 in 1985 Introduced recently in North America as PE 4710 Bimodal technology provides a combination of very high SCG resistance and very high RCP resistance for these high density polyethylene (HDPE) materials Recently, a new high performance bimodal medium density (MDPE) (PE 2708) was introduced for the gas industry

6 1. Ductile performance pressure rating ASTM D 2837 ISO SCG (slow crack growth) resistance - long-term performance 3. RCP (rapid crack propagation) - very rapid failure that is prevalent at cold temperatures, large diameters and higher pressures

7 ASTM PENT Test ISO Notched Pipe Test

8 ASTM F 1473, PENT test (80 C, 2.4 MPa) ASTM minimum PENT requirements D 3035 Water pipe, >10 h D 2513 Gas pipe, >100 h TR-3 High Performance, >500 h Bimodal HDPE: > 10,000 h Bimodal MDPE: >15,000 h 15,000 PENT (hours) MDPE High Perf. D2513 D3035 gas water

9 Overview: Fast Fracture type of failure Crack speeds m/s Cracks can propagate long distances Thought to initiate at internal defects on an impact or impulse event Occurs in pressurized systems with enough stored energy to drive cracks faster than energy is released Gas pipe systems or water systems with > 30% entrained air

10 History: Investigations originated in steel pipe Extended to plastic pipe in gas industry Prime interest initiated in Europe Limited number of overall confirmed field failures for plastic pipe (At DuPont we had one RCP of 300 ft and another of 800 ft) Just now being added to North American standards

11 ISO 4437 requires RCP testing - provides requirements for RCP values ASTM D 2513 no RCP requirements yet - project to add RCP testing requirement - AGA PMC to develop guidelines for values CSA B137.4 new RCP requirements - just added RCP testing requirement - CSA Z662 project to add required RCP values

12 Testing Technology: Full Scale (ISO 13478) - 50 ft pipe length - Steel pipe reservoir - > 2 x s pipe length Small Scale Steady State (S-4) (ISO 13477) - Accelerated test - Pipe length: 8 x s OD - Internal Baffles

13 Testing Technology: Critical Pressure: (Pc,S-4) At a fixed temperature, run at different internal pressures to determine transition between arrest and propagation Critical Pressure 0 o c

14 S-4 Test Method, ISO Critical Pressure (P C,S-4 ) at 32 F (0 C) Unimodal MDPE 1 bar (15 psig) Unimodal HDPE 2 bar (30 psig) Bimodal MDPE 10 bar (145 psig) Bimodal HDPE 12 bar (175 psig)

15 P C,FS = 3.6 x P C,S bar

16 Full Scale Critical Pressure (P C,FS 0 C based on ISO 4437 S4 conversion model Unimodal MDPE 90 psig Unimodal HDPE 140 psig Bimodal MDPE Bimodal HDPE 560 psig 660 psig

17 Bimodal MDPE retains all the features of MDPE materials that make them so desirable for gas piping flexibility, joining and high SCG resistance Bimodal MDPE also provides very high RCP resistance RCP is becoming more prominent in the gas industry (ASTM and CSA)

18 New High Performance Bimodal PE Materials New PA-11 Material New RTP Composite Pipe Summary

19 PA Polyamide: polymerization of a amine (NH 2 ) and a carboxylic acid (COOH) H R N C R O n

20 All the advantages of plastic pipe at the operating pressures of steel Lower Total Installed Cost Existing PE Tools and Techniques Increased Safety No Corrosion

21 Replace steel pipe up to 200 psig Line extensions Bridge crossings Contaminated soil (liquid hydrocarbon) Horizontal directional drilling Pipe bursting Insertion renewal in existing pipe

22 Joining: PA-11 is joined by solvent cement for thin wall gas applications in Australia PA-11 is also joined by mechanical fittings PA-11 is joined by butt fusion for gas applications in North America

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26 Jim Mason Field Experience Using Polyamide-11 High Pressure Natural Gas Distribution Piping at Pressures Up To 200 psig

27 New High Performance Bimodal PE Materials New PA-11 Material New RTP Composite Pipe Summary

28 Inner and outer layers are HDPE Middle layer is a reinforcement, such as high strength glass fiber

29 Same benefits as thermoplastic pipe Ease of installation Plowable No corrosion Long continuous spooled lengths Typically 2,500 feet (750 m) Higher pressure ratings (1500 psig) Total installed cost is competitive with steel pipe

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34 Reinforcement layer of RTP provides a significant increase to pressure capacity (1500 psig) No corrosion Continuous coiled lengths - 2,500 feet (750m) Total installed cost is competitive with steel Excellent operational history in gas gathering Gas distribution trial installations soon Standards are being developed

35 New High Performance Bimodal PE Materials New PA-11 Material New RTP Composite Pipe Summary

36 New bimodal MDPE material for gas pipe operations higher RCP resistance New PA-11 pipe for operation up to 200 psig New composite RTP pipe for operation up to 1500 psig Future is bright for plastic pipe in underground piping applications.

37 Prepared by Palermo Plastics Pipe (P 3 ) Consulting