The current state of oxy-fuel technology: Demonstrations and technical barriers

Transcription

1 The current state of oxy-fuel technology: Demonstrations and technical barriers OCC2, Yeppoon, September 13, 2011 Terry Wall, Rohan Stanger & Stanley Santos University of Newcastle, Australia and IEAGHG, UK

2 Oxy- fuel Air Air Separation unit (ASU) Nitrogen Oxygen Recycled Flue Gas (RFG) Vent Fuel Boiler or Gas Turbine CO 2 rich Flue Gas Ash removal / cooler / condenser / FGD Conc. Stream of CO 2 Purification / compression CO 2 (SO 2 ) Steam Steam Turbine Power

3 CCS options, with desirable characteristics indicated X Option Integrated plant demonstrated at commercial scale For retrofit Can be applied to slipstream No O 2 supply No CO 2 capture Gives H 2 PCC X X X IGCC- CCS Oxyf X X X

4 Sequence to commercialisation, proposed by Stanley Santos, at the IEA Oxyfuel Conference, Cottbus, 2009

5 Historical progression of oxyfuel technology projects, scaled to MWe/3. Some proceeding, some dropped out, FutureGen new!! MWe (or MWt/3) 10 Demonstration with CCS Demonstration (yet to proceed) Industrial scale without CCS Pilot scale Compostilla CFB 320 Jänschwalde 250 FutureGen Project Viking (Oil) 150 Black Hills CFB 100 Youngdong 100 Holland CFB 78 Jamestown CFB 50 Callide A 30 International Comb 11.7 Schwarze Pumpe 10 Pearl Plant 22 ENEL Oxy-high pressure 16 Oxy-coal UK 13.3 B&W 10 CIUDEN CFB 10 JSIM/NEDO(Oil) Jupiter 6.7 CIUDEN PC Lacq (NG) 10 1 ANL/EERC 1.0 IFRF 1.0 ENEL ANL/BHP 0.2 IHI 0.5 CANMET 0.1 B&W/AL 0.4 IVD-Stuttgart 0.2 PowerGen RWE-NPOWER Year

6 Recent developments The US oxy-fuel projects (B&W s Black Hills, Praxair s Holland (78MW CFB) and New York State s Jamestown (50MW CFB) projects) did not receive funding from the third funding round of the US DOE Clean Coal Power Initiative. FutureGen 2.0 has been changed from an IGCC plant to an oxy-fuel repowering plant In Europe, Vattenfall s 250MW pulverised coal Jaenschwalde project and Endesa s 300MW CFB Compostilla project are being progressed Total s oxy-natural gas pilot plant at Lacq was inaugurated in January 2010 with monitoring of the injection site to proceed for three years after the two year injection period. In Australia, the Callide Oxyfuel Demonstration is nearing start-up

7 Deployment phases Cost/tonne CO Estimated CCS cost Cost barrier Carbon Price Cost barrier covered by: Government Industry Generators/ utility, coal INDUSTRY Technology vendors 0 Demonstration 0 Early Commercial 0.5 Mature Commercial 1 Phase Phase Phase Demonstration Early commercial Mature commercial

8 The technology blocks from ZEP reports 4. Electrical Generation 5. Flue Gas Treatment & Cooling 3. Oxygen O2 Supply 6. CO 2 Compression & Inerts Removal 2. Fuel Supply Coal Handling ESP Transport (pipeline, truck, etc) Sequestration Site 1. Oxy-fuel Combustion CO2 compression Recycled Flue Gas 7. Transport & Storage

9 Type Project Companies Start Technology blocks addressed. Ie..1, 2 etc FutureGen 2.0, 200 MWe Ameren Energy Resources, B&W, Air Liquide FutureGen Alliance (transport and storage) 2016 All Demo Plants Pilot Plants Test Facilities Jänschwalde, 250MWe Compostilla CFB, 320MWe Callide A, 30MWe Lacq, 30MWt Vattenfall, 30MWt Vattenfall, Alstom, Linde ENDESA, Foster Wheeler, Praxair? CS Energy, IHI, Air Liquide TOTAL, Alstom, Air Liquide Vattenfall, Alstom, Linde 2015 All 2015 All - for CFB technology ENEL, 50MWt ENEL 2011 CIUDEN 30MWt CFB & 20MWt PC Oxy-coal UK, 13.3MWt ENDESA, Foster Wheeler (CFB), Praxair?, Leni Gas & Oil (storage) Doosan Babcock, Air Products B&W, 30MWt B&W, Air Liquide 2007 Demonstration of a retrofitted boiler with electrical generation (4).Partial capture of CO2 stream. Demonstration of CO2 plant without conventional SCR & FGD units. Uses 2 ASUs. Natural gas fired oxy-fuel demonstration with pipeline transport. Mainly addresses natural gas oxy-combustion (1) and (7) transport & storage. First full chain pilot demonstration. Addresses technology blocks (1), (3), (5) & (6). No on-line coal milling or lignite drying, nor electrical generation. First high pressure oxy-fuel demonstration. Mainly be addressing (1) Oxy-fuel combustion. Large scale full chain testing facility for PC and CFB oxy-fuel and post-combustion technologies. Addresses technology blocks (1),(2),(3),(5) & (6). A separate facility will address (7) transport and storage. Testing facility for full size burners. Addresses (1) Oxy-fuel Combustion Test facility for addressing (1) Oxy-fuel Combustion, (2) coal milling with recycled flue gas, (5) Flue Gas Treatment & Cooling,

10 Issues in deployment of technology, with significance categories most significant, **significant, * less significant Category Barrier Significance Technology blocks Market Economic O2 production Oxy power plant ASU Block Cost Energy penalty CO2 recovery Fuel preparation, lignite drying * Lignite * * Oxy combustion ** ** ** Flue gas recycle and O2 mixing ** ** * Steam cycle * * * Flue gas treatment and cooling * * CO2 purification O2, N2, Ar removal ** ** CO2 ** ** * compression Capability of vendors * Government and vendor support of demonstrations Carbon credits for demonstrations Uncertain future cost of carbon Oxyfuel flowsheet, and need for gas cleaning unit ** operations Validated comparisons of costs ** Technology maturity ** Public knowledge of CCS Public acceptability Education programs ** Legal Access for pipeline or storage site assessment Regulations on CO2 quality *

11 Simplified roadmap to deployment of oxyfuel technology, suggested by Wall, Stanger and McDonald (2012)

12 Final comments Demonstrations are needed for technical and operational reasons and perhaps non-technical reasons. by creating a reality that can be seen and understood. thereby reducing fear of the unknown.