GLOBAL EXAMPLES OF REUSE 10 TH NOVEMBER 2017 IAN D BARRETT BLACK & VEATCH

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1 GLOBAL EXAMPLES OF REUSE 10 TH NOVEMBER 2017 IAN D BARRETT BLACK & VEATCH

2 AGENDA Global Backdrop Global Examples Timeline & scale Financial structure Institutional aspects Community engagement

3 The Reuse Market A market with technical expertise, innovative ideas and the will to service Clients needs BUT Lack of money, reluctance to embrace new technology and poor governance present challenges Outcome of survey by Water. desalination + reuse

4 Issues which reuse community Drivers Water Scarcity Cost Regulation Barriers Cost Technology have to address Technology RO UF MBR Public Perception DPR most resistance IPR moderate resistance

5 Global status of reuse markets Data courtesy of GWI

6 The reuse market: Top countries by cumulative installed capacity Data courtesy of GWI

7 SELECTED GLOBAL EXAMPLES I Beenyup Australia Aquifer Recharge using UF+RO+UV 28mld Overall plan by WCWA to achieve 30% recycling by 2030, and 60% by Namibia Direct Potable Reuse using 9 stages of treatment Carbon + Ozone +coagulation / flocculation + DAF + RGF+ Ozone + BAC + UF+chlorine 21mld Recycling is limited to 35%

8 SELECTED GLOBAL EXAMPLES II Singapore NEWater using MF+RO+UV 780mld Currently 40% & plan to increase to 55% by 2020 Orange County California, USA GWRS Aquifer Recharge using MF +RO+UV 492mld

9 Timeline Beenyup Concept first mooted in 2005 Inter Government Agency Group formed in 2007 Study in 2009 Trial commenced in 2009 and concluded 2012 First phase implemented in 2016 Namibia Original plant built in 1960 and 8 years of testing Post 1968 effluent fed to reservoir upstream of water facility 2001 New Gorengab Water Reclamation Plant Singapore Concept mooted in early 1970s Conventional Pilot plant in 1974 to 2007 NEWater Study in 1998 First plant in 2003 Orange County 1971 to 1976 pilot programme Water Factory to 2004 Interim Water Factory to Ground Water Replenishment Scheme

10 Beenyup Capital cost first phase USD 28m Public agency funded, owned and operated Financial Structure Costs to user to reflect treatment / conveyance less cost of disposal Namibia Plant capital cost approx USD 20m O&M outsourced to private sector O&M costs USc per m3 : 35 to 75 Water tariff USc 92 to 140 per m3 Singapore 5 plants- mix of Government owned and PPP Capital cost last 2 PPP USD 125m for 227mld Tariff approx 20 USc/m3; slightly less than potable water Orange County Original plant USD481m [266mld] 2015 Expansion USD 142m [120mld] 2019 expansion- USD 252m [120mld] Cost of production Usc 68 per m3 Public agency funded & operated

11 Institutional Aspects Beenyup 2007 Water Corporation, Depts of Health, Water & Environment formed interagency working group to develop regulatory framework Independent Science Panel comprising 5 members to review plans and control Recycled water to meet Dept of Health and Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 18 recycled water indicators and 292 recycled water parameters Namibia Over 50 years of experience Substantial investment in laboratory processes and manpower Critical sampling points Ongoing monitoring programmes for viruses Since 2005, independent annual auditing and triennial performed by Bureau Veritas (BV) Singapore Expert independent panel established in 1999 to counsel on 1998 study Biannual independent audit of international experts Exceeds standards of USEPA / WHO drinking water standards Health Effects Testing Programme Sampling programme 150,000 tests Orange County Over 45 years of experience Meets USEPA and State of California standards Independent audit by California Regional Water Quality Board Independent Advisory Board appointed and administered by National Water Research Institute

12 Beenyup Community Engagement Collaborative approach amongst Water Corporation, Government, business, industry and community Opportunity for public review and discussion of plans and feedback; with independent panel assuring comments addressed Website; information sheets; visitor centre Namibia Long standing building on foundations of original scheme Public engagement; tours; newsletters Education in schools and introduced into curriculum Strong consumer interaction People are the advocates Singapore Major campaign involving tours to USA; documentaries; branding Briefings with parliamentarians; community leaders; business groups Visitor centre and technical information suited to all age groups NEWater ambassadors Orange County Public outreach commenced before WF 21 Government, business leaders, health experts, regulators engaged to discuss and shape development Guided tours ; website; newsletters Independent reports made available

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