BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3

Transcription

1 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3

2 See a video clip about CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3

3 ENERGY & MATTER Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. Atoms are never destroyed... only transformed. Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.

4 4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

5 WATER CYCLE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE =

6 WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the : building blocks of cells carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H 2 O supplies protons (H + ) & electrons for photosynthesis

7 WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Water is a good SOLVENT Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesn t change temperature easily so it helps with HOMEOSTASIS

8 WATER CYCLE evaporation condensation

9 The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = TRANSPIRATION The return of water to the surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = PRECIPITATION

10 Image edited from: WATER CYCLE PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start

11 CARBON CYCLE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

12 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE 1.In atmosphere as CO 2 gas 2.In ocean as dissolved CO 2 gas 3.On land in organisms, rocks, soil 4. Underground as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

13 Where does CO 2 in atmosphere come from? CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean 1. Volcanic activity 2. Human activity (burning fossil fuels) 3. Cellular respiration 4. Decomposition of dead organisms BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

14 WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Found in all the BUILDING BLOCKS of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell

15 WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO 2 provides the atoms for GLUCOSE production during... PHOTOSYNTHESIS the fuel that all living things depend on.

16 NITROGEN CYCLE Section 3-3 N 2 in Atmosphere NO 3 - and NO 2 - NH 3 BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

17 WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT? make NITROGEN BASES DNA and RNA Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in ATP Makes AMINO part of amino acids (proteins) Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

18 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N 2 ) CAN T BUT we use the nitrogen gas we breathe! The bond in N 2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by lightning Volcanic activity few special bacteria Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

19 Bacteria that live symbiotic and in relationships with legumes plants called, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into, a form that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED NITROGEN FIXATION in the soil AMMONIA (NH 3 )

20 Other bacteria in the soil convert NITRATES (NO - 3 ) & NITRITES (NO 2- ) ammonia into & which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from FOOD WE EAT NOT THE AIR the we breathe! Image from: and modified by Riedell

21 NITROGEN CYCLE Section 3-3 N 2 in Atmosphere NO 3 - and NO 2 - NH 3 BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

22 Bacteria that live also carry out the reverse process NITRATES & NITRITES. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED DENITRIFICATION in the soil NITROGEN GAS

23 Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water Phosphate moves through food web Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water Sediments form new land to complete cycle

24 Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemical cycle that does NOT cycle through the atmosphere BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

25 WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT? Makes DNA and RNA Transfers energy as ATP Makes phospholipids for cell membranes Image by Riedell Image by Riedell

26 SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment L.3.1. Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions. Examples: Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Biogeochemical cycles

27 SOUTH DAKOTA CORE EARTH SCIENCE STANDARDS Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes of the Earth system E.1.1. Students are able to explain how elements and compounds cycle between living and non-living systems. Diagram and describe the N, C, O and H 2 O cycles. Describe the importance of the N, C, O and H 2 O cycles to life on this planet. Examples: water cycle including evaporation, cloud formation, condensation.

28 SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS EARTH SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Analyze the various structures and processes of the Earth system E.1.1.A Students are able to explain how elements and compounds cycle between living and non-living systems. Diagram and describe the P, S, and Ca cycles.

29 Core High School Earth Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: High school students performing at the BASIC level predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles; predict how human activity may change the land, ocean, and atmosphere of Earth. explain how H 2 0, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems; explain how human activity changes the land, ocean, and atmosphere of Earth. explain how H 2 0, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems; give an example of human activity that changes the land, ocean, or atmosphere of Earth.