Waste Treatment draft BAT conclusions Guideline draft for the expression of initial positions

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1 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions [Colour codes used in this document] Blck: Drk red: Green: [Blue]: items derived from the conclusions on BAT of the currently dopted WT BREF, including some rewording. stndrd texts dditionl proposls expected to meet the BAT conclusions criteri set in the BREF Guidnce messges to the TWG [in squre brckets] [The originl numbers of the conclusions on BAT of the dopted WT BREF re indicted below ech BAT conclusions sttement of this document, e.g. BAT 2, 13, while deleted conclusions on BAT re indicted with struck through numbers, e.g. BAT 82. The word [other] is used in list or tble to indicte tht other items of the list or tble re expected Empty cells or suspension points ( ) re used to indicted res where further work is needed] BAT conclusions for Wste Tretment (Detiled guideline drft for the expression of initil positions) WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 1

2 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions TABLE OF CONTENT 1 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES... 4 Scope... 4 Definitions... 7 Generl considertions... 9 Reference conditions for emissions to ir... 9 Averging periods for emissions to ir... 9 Conversion of emissions concentrtion to reference oxygen level Reference conditions for emissions to wter Averging periods for emissions to wter Generl BAT conclusions Overll environmentl performnce Environmentl mngement systems Wste tretment performnce Reception, hndling nd storge Comptibility to mix or blend Input pre-tretment nd output finlistion Emissions to ir Emissions to wter nd wter consumption Consumption of rw mterils nd chemicls Energy consumption Noise nd vibrtions Prevention of soil nd groundwter contmintion Decommissioning BAT conclusions for mechnicl tretments BAT conclusions for sorting, sieving Generl environmentl performnce BAT conclusions for crushing, shredding, or milling Generl environmentl performnce Mercury emissions to ir Dioxins nd furns emissions to ir Emissions to wter Vibrtions BAT conclusions for biologicl tretments Generl environmentl performnce Odour BAT conclusions specific to erobic tretment Generl environmentl performnce Emissions to ir Wter consumption nd emissions to wter Energy efficiency BAT conclusions specific to nerobic digestion Generl environmentl performnce Emissions to ir Wter consumption nd emissions to wter Energy efficiency BAT conclusions for physicochemicl tretments BAT conclusions for extrction Generl environmentl performnce Acid emissions to ir Emissions to wter BAT conclusions for wshing Generl environmentl performnce Emissions to wter BAT conclusions for physicochemicl tretment of wter-bsed liquid wste Generl environmentl performnce Emissions to ir Emissions to wter BAT conclusions for therml drying Generl environmentl performnce WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 2

3 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions Ammoni emissions to ir Emissions to wter BAT conclusions for immobilistion Generl environmentl performnce Asbestos emissions to ir Led emissions to ir Cdmium emissions to ir Mercury emissions to ir BAT conclusions for therml desorption Generl environmentl performnce Mercury emissions to ir Dioxins nd furns emissions to ir Acid emissions to ir SO X emissions to ir Emissions to wter BAT conclusions for distilltion Generl environmentl performnce Mercury emissions to ir Dioxins nd furns emissions to ir Emissions to wter Description of techniques WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 3

4 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions 1 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES SCOPE These BAT conclusions concern the following ctivities specified in Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, nmely: 5.1. Disposl or recovery of hzrdous wste with cpcity exceeding 10 tonnes per dy involving one or more of the following ctivities: () biologicl tretment; (b) physicochemicl tretment; (c) blending or mixing prior to submission to ny of the other ctivities listed in points 5.1 nd 5.2 of the Annex I to the Industril Emissions Directive; (d) repckging prior to submission to ny of the other ctivities listed in points 5.1 nd 5.2 of the Annex I to the Industril Emissions Directive; (e) solvent reclmtion/regenertion; (f) recycling/reclmtion of inorgnic mterils other thn metls or metl compounds; (g) regenertion of cids or bses; (h) recovery of components used for pollution btement; (i) recovery of components from ctlysts; (j) oil re-refining or other reuses of oil; (k) surfce impoundment. 5.3 () Disposl of non-hzrdous wste with cpcity exceeding 50 tonnes per dy involving one or more of the following ctivities: (i) biologicl tretment; (ii) physicochemicl tretment; (iii) pre-tretment of wste for incinertion or co-incinertion; (iv) tretment of slgs nd shes; (v) tretment in shredders of metl wste, including wste electricl nd electronic equipment nd end-of-life vehicles nd their components. (b) Recovery, or mix of recovery nd disposl, of non-hzrdous wste with cpcity exceeding 75 tonnes per dy involving one or more of the following ctivities: (i) biologicl tretment; (ii) pre-tretment of wste for incinertion or co-incinertion; (iii) (iv) tretment of slgs nd shes; tretment in shredders of metl wste, including wste electricl nd electronic equipment nd end-of-life vehicles nd their components. When the only wste tretment ctivity crried out is nerobic digestion, the cpcity threshold for this ctivity shll be 100 tonnes per dy Temporry storge of hzrdous wste pending ny of the ctivities listed in points 5.1, 5.2, 5.4 nd 5.6 of the Annex I to the Industril Emissions Directive with totl cpcity exceeding 50 tonnes.' In prticulr, these BAT conclusions cover the following processes nd ctivities, whether these re crried out s the primry ctivity on the instlltion or s directly ssocited ctivity to nother IED ctivity: the loding, unloding nd hndling of wste the temporry storge of wste the blending nd mixing of wste WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 4

5 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions Wste tretment processes such s: o Mechnicl tretment of wste: o Biologicl tretment of wste o Physicochemicl tretment of wste o Combined tretment of wste (e.g. mechnicl-biologicl tretment of biologicl wste) Upstrem nd downstrem ctivities directly ssocited with the wste tretment (e.g. combustion of biogs from the nerobic digestion) the pplied techniques to prevent nd control emissions nd consumption site remedition mesures needed s consequence of the wste tretment ctivity within IED instlltions. These BAT conclusions do not ddress the following ctivities: ctivities covered by Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urbn wste-wter tretment; temporry storge, pending collection, on the site where the wste is generted; wste mngement ctivities, recovery or disposl of wste not occurring in IED instlltions nd relted cceptnce criteri; recovery of wste to substitute rw mterils used in IED instlltions covered in other BAT reference documents nd relted cceptnce criteri; wste incinertion nd co-incinertion nd relted cceptnce criteri; lndfilling nd relted cceptnce criteri (covered by Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the lndfill of wste); underground storge of wste nd relted cceptnce criteri; wste mngement in the extrctive industries (covered by Directive 2006/21/EC); These BAT conclusions do not ddress the following topics: end-of-wste criteri, product specifictions These BAT conclusions re without prejudice of the following directives nd regultions: end-of-life vehicles (covered by Directive 2000/53/EC) electronic wste (covered by Directive 2012/19/EU) btteries (covered by Directive 2006/66/EC) [plceholder for the regultion on ship recycling COM/2012/0118 finl 2012/0055 (COD)] POP-contining wste (Regultion (EC) n. 850/2004) PCB-contining equipments re decontminted (Directive 96/59/EC) Other reference documents, which re relevnt for the ctivities covered by these BAT conclusions, re the following: Reference document Emissions from Storge BREF (EFS) Generl Principles of (MON) Energy Efficiency BREF (ENE) Economic nd Cross-Medi Effects (ECM) CWW Activity / Subject Storge nd hndling of fuels nd dditives Emissions nd consumptions monitoring Generl energy efficiency Economic nd cross-medi effects of techniques Common wste wter nd wste gs tretments WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 5

6 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions WI LCP, CLM, IS, GLS, [ ] MTWR Wste incinertion Wste co-incinertion nd recovery of wste s substitute of other mterils in IED instlltions Mngement of Tilings nd Wste-rock in Mining Activities WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 6

7 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions DEFINITIONS For the purpose of these BAT conclusions, the following definitions pply: Term used Definition Biologicl tretment Tretment of biodegrdble wste by men of erobic or nerobic process tht degrde the biologicl mtter to stble compounds. Mechnicl tretment [ ] wet bio-wste Biowste with wter content > 80 % Biogs The gseous output of the nerobic digestion process Wste input The incoming wste to be treted in the wste tretment plnt Wste holder The subject sending the wste input to the wste tretment plnt Wste producer The subject tht generted the wste input sent to the wste tretment plnt Output The processed mteril flow disptched from the wste tretment plnt Mixing The process of merging solid wste strems Blending The process of merging liquid wste strems POP content Recovery rte Tretment of solid or liquid wstes by men of co- or counter-currnt of Extrction e.g. vpour, solvent, cid, to extrct pollutnts s metls, slts, orgnic compounds. Tretment of solid wste by men of e.g. stbilistion, solidifiction, Immobilistion vitrifiction, melting, to reduce the rte of contminnt migrtion to the environment nd/or to reduce the level of toxicity of the wste. Wter-bsed liquid wste [ ] Wshing [ ] Therml drying [ ] Immobilistion [ ] Therml desorption [ ] Distilltion [ ] Dust [ ] HCl ll gseous chlorides expressed s HCl HF ll gseous fluorides expressed s HF Hg The sum of mercury nd its compounds, expressed s Hg CH 4 [ ] VOC [ ] TOC Continuous mesurement Periodic mesurement PEMS [ ] Mesurement using n 'utomted mesuring system' (AMS) or 'continuous emission monitoring system' (CEM) permnently instlled on site Determintion of mesurnd (prticulr quntity subject to mesurement) t specified time intervls using mnul or utomted reference methods. A periodic mesurement of emissions to ir is the verge over 3 consecutive mesurements of t lest hlf n hour). A periodic mesurement of emissions to wter is flow-proportionl composite smple over 24-hour. Predictive Emissions Systems: systems used to determine the emissions concentrtion of pollutnt bsed on its reltionship with number of chrcteristic continuously-monitored process prmeters nd feed qulity dt of n emission source. For the purposes of these BAT conclusions, the following cronyms pply: Acronyms POP MSW MBT WEEE Persistent orgnic pollutnt Municipl Solid Wstes Mechnicl Biologicl Tretment Wste Electric nd Electronic Equipment Definition WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 7

8 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions EoLV WFGD AMS CEM PEMS End of Live Vehicles Wet flue-gs desulphuristion utomted mesuring system continuous emission monitoring system Predictive Emissions Systems WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 8

9 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The techniques listed nd described in these BAT conclusions re neither prescriptive nor exhustive. Other techniques my be used tht ensure t lest n equivlent level of environmentl protection. Unless stted otherwise, the techniques identified in these BAT conclusions re generlly pplicble. [NOTE: Whilst cross-references re provided to other prts of this document in order to id the work of the TWG, they will not be included in the finl BAT conclusions themselves. Such cross-references re consequently displyed in squre brckets.] EXPRESSION OF EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES (s) [TWG: plese note tht in order to void repetition, this section contins generl considertions tht re essentil to the understnding of the BAT conclusions tken s stndlone document, such s: reference conditions for ir emissions (e.g. dry gs, stndrd temperture/pressure, oxygen concentrtion) verging periods smpling times conversions to reference conditions dopted units of mesures] Reference conditions for emissions to ir Unless stted otherwise, emission levels ssocited with the best vilble techniques (s) for emissions to ir given in these BAT conclusions refer to monthly verge vlues of concentrtions, expressed s mss of emitted substnce per volume of wste gs under the following stndrd conditions: dry gs, temperture K, pressure kp. For combustion processes, oxygen reference conditions for oxygen re given in Tble 1.1. Tble 1.1: Oxygen reference conditions for s concerning emissions to ir from combustion processes Activities Unit Oxygen reference conditions Combustion process using liquid or gseous fuels with the exception of gs turbines nd engines Gs turbines (including combined cycle gs turbines CCGT) nd engines mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 3 % oxygen by volume 15 % oxygen by volume Averging periods for emissions to ir For continuous mesurements Unless stted otherwise, s refer to monthly verge vlues Monthly verge: verge over period of one month bsed on vlid hourly verges mesured by continuous mesurements Dily verge: verge over period of one dy bsed on vlid hourly verges mesured by continuous mesurements WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 9

10 Wste Tretment drft BAT conclusions Guideline drft for the expression of initil positions For periodic mesurements s refer to the verge vlue over the smpling period Conversion of emissions concentrtion to reference oxygen level The formul for clculting the emissions concentrtion t reference oxygen level (see Tble 1.1) is shown below. E R = 21 O R 21 O M E M Where: E R (mg/nm 3 ): emissions concentrtion corrected to the reference oxygen level O R O R (vol %): reference oxygen level E M (mg/nm 3 ): emissions concentrtion referred to the mesured oxygen level O M O M (vol %): mesured oxygen level. Reference conditions for emissions to wter Unless stted otherwise, emission levels ssocited with the best vilble techniques (s) for emissions to wter given in these BAT conclusions refer to vlues of concentrtion (mss of emitted substnces per volume of wter) expressed in mg/l. Averging periods for emissions to wter Unless stted otherwise, the verging periods ssocited with the s re defined s follows: Dily verge Yerly/Monthly verge Averge over smpling period of 24 hours tken s flowproportionl composite smple. Time-proportionl smpling cn be used provided tht sufficient flow stbility is demonstrted. Averge (weighted ccording to the dily flows) of the dily verge vlues tken with the minimum set for the relevnt prmeter within yer/month WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 10

11 1.1 Generl BAT conclusions Unless otherwise stted, the BAT conclusions presented in this section re generlly pplicble. The process-specific BAT conclusions included in Sections 1.2 to 1.4 pply in ddition to the generl BAT conclusions mentioned in this section Overll environmentl performnce Environmentl mngement systems 1. In order to improve the overll environmentl performnce of wste tretment plnts, BAT is to implement nd dhere to n environmentl mngement system (EMS) tht incorportes ll of the following fetures: [BAT 1, 3, 5, 16, 17, 18, 40, 57] i. commitment of the mngement, including senior mngement; ii. definition of n environmentl policy tht includes the continuous improvement of the instlltion by the mngement; iii. plnning nd estblishing the necessry procedures, objectives nd trgets, in conjunction with finncil plnning nd investment; iv. implementtion of procedures pying prticulr ttention to: () structure nd responsibility (b) trining, wreness nd competence (c) communiction (d) employee involvement (e) documenttion (f) efficient process control (g) mintennce progrmmes (h) emergency prepredness nd response (i) sfegurding complince with environmentl legisltion; v. checking performnce nd tking corrective ction, pying prticulr ttention to: () monitoring nd mesurement (see lso the Reference Document on the Generl Principles of ) (b) corrective nd preventive ction (c) mintennce of records (d) independent (where prcticble) internl nd externl uditing in order to determine whether or not the EMS conforms to plnned rrngements nd hs been properly implemented nd mintined; vi. review of the EMS nd its continuing suitbility, dequcy nd effectiveness by senior mngement; vii. following the development of clener technologies; viii. considertion for the environmentl impcts from the eventul decommissioning of the instlltion t the stge of designing new plnt, nd throughout its operting life; ix. ppliction of sectorl benchmrking on regulr bsis. Specificlly for wste tretment sector, it is lso importnt to consider the following potentil fetures of the EMS: WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 11

12 x. detils on point iv bove tht include: () process nd risk mngement procedures (b) periodic specific job trining or eduction for ll personnel (e.g. on environmentl protection nd prevention from risks, sfety opertions, process performnce) (c) indictions of the vilbility of qulified on-duty stff during ll the plnt ctivities. (d) The bility of the personnel implementing ll the procedures (e.g. pre cceptnce, cceptnce, smpling, checking nd nlysis, see BAT 8 nd BAT 9) to cope with ll the issues relevnt for the wste tretment in the concerned plnt, due to his profession nd/or experience. xi. Detils on point v bove to indicte the type of recordings indicted in these BAT conclusions xii. A good housekeeping system embedded within the EMS covering the following bsic items: () n dequte trining progrmme tht includes lso the preventive ctions tht workers need to tke on environmentl risks (b) lek detection nd mintennce procedures (see BAT 7.d) (c) procedures for moving nd disptching drums nd continers under the instructions from the pproprite mnger (d) n opertionl diry integrted with the wste trcking system (see BAT 7.c) to record drums/continers moving procedures xiii. Noise nd vibrtions mngement pln nd reduction progrmme (see BAT 22) xiv. Odour reduction progrmme (see BAT 16) xv. Own residues/wste mngement pln, integrted within the bsic housekeeping techniques (see BAT 12.f) nd with internl/externl benchmrking techniques (see BAT20.b). xvi. structured ccident mngement pln xvii. n incident diry xviii. loding nd unloding mngement system (see BAT9.b) xix. energy efficiency pln (see BAT 21.b) xx. wter udits (see BAT 18.f) xxi. decommissioning pln (see BAT 24.b) xxii. Applicbility The scope (e.g. level of detils) nd nture of the EMS (e.g. stndrdised or non-stndrdised) is generlly relted to the nture, scle nd complexity of the instlltion, nd the rnge of environmentl impcts it my hve In order to improve the overll environmentl performnce of wste tretment, BAT is to monitor emissions to:. ir before relesing to the tmosphere b. wter t the point of dischrge t the boundry of the instlltion, including indirect dischrge for the pollutnts given in ech tble of these conclusions, with t lest the indicted in the sme tble nd in ccordnce with EN stndrds. If EN stndrds re not vilble, BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds tht ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent scientific qulity. [50, 55, 74] WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 12

13 3. In order to improve the overll environmentl performnce of wste tretment, BAT is to monitor the process prmeters nd the dditionl environmentl prmeters given below. [50] Prmeter Applicbility Point of mesurement Wter consumption Energy consumption Wste input Wste processed Wste rejected Sludge genertion Wste genertion Wste wter flow Wste wter toxicity Noise level [other] dily dily dily 4. In order to improve the overll environmentl performnce of wste tretment instlltions, BAT is to improve the knowledge of the wste input by performing wste chrcteristion with t lest the minimum nd in ccordnce with EN stndrds given below. BAT is to record the outcome of the chrcteristion onto dvnced computerised process control system s described in BAT 7. Wste(s) [wste] Smpling Anlysis nd chrcteristion prmeter [prmeter] 5. BAT is to monitor periodiclly odour emissions to ir in ccordnce with EN stndrds (e.g. by using dynmic olfctometry ccording to EN stndrds). When pplying complementry methods for which no EN stndrds re vilble (e.g. mesurement/estimtion of odour exposure, estimtion of odour impct), BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds tht ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent scientific qulity. Applicbility Applicbility is restricted to cses where the results of BAT16 I nd II show tht odour emissions re likely to cuse significnt odour exposure to sensitive receptors. 6. In order to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce the environmentl risks of treting hzrdous wste, BAT is to monitor in the emissions to ir nd to wter ech hzrdous substnce found in the wste input chrcteristion/nlysis bove the concentrtion level tht led the wste input to be ctegorised s hzrdous. WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 13

14 1.1.2 Wste tretment performnce [BAT 91, 117, 118, 119, 130] 7. In order to prevent ccidents nd to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce pollution emissions from wste tretment, BAT is to use ll the techniques given below: [BAT 2, 7, 12, 40, 53, 60, 62, 66, 72, 78] Techniques Description Applicbility Complete set of A fully-fledged set of engineered project sheets is produced, kept Generlly opertionl documents vilble nd implemented to ensure the provision of full detils of ll the ctivities crried out on-site, including the following: pplicble (i) pln of the site clerly identifying the following res: the wste tretment plnt the inspection, unloding nd smpling res (see BAT10) (ii) detiled descriptions, flow chrts nd mss blnces of the wste tretment methods (iii) descriptions of the procedures in plce for the wste tretment process (iv) digrms of the min plnt items tht hve environmentl relevnce, together with process flow digrms (schemtics) (v) detils of the chemicl rections nd their rection kinetics/energy blnce (vi) detils of the dvnced computerised process control system (see technique b): generl philosophy nd environmentl monitoring informtion (vii) detils on the environmentl protection mesures in plce during other thn norml operting conditions such s momentry stoppges, strt-ups, nd shutdowns (viii) n instruction mnul, detiling lso the roles nd profiles of stff b Advnced computerised process control system c Wste trcking system An dvnced computerised process control system includes ll the min prmeters in order to keep full control of the ongoing tretment process. In ddition to the utomtic mesurements, the system integrtes ll the recordings given in these BAT conclusions. (see BAT 1.xi). All the dt re bcked-up. A trcking system includes the following elements: (i) crrying out dt trcebility through severl opertionl steps (e.g. pre-cceptnce/cceptnce/storge/tretment/disptch). (ii) the ppliction of wste trcking system unique identifier (lbel/code) to ech continer t the reception stge (see BAT 8). The identifier includes the dte of rrivl on-site nd the Europen Wste List (EWL) code. (iii) Records of deliveries, on-site tretment nd disptches re mde nd kept up-to-dte in rel-time onto the dvnced computerised process control system. The tretment steps re documented by using the sme flow chrts nd mss blnces given in BAT 7.. Records re typiclly held for minimum of six months fter the wste hs been disptched (iv) recording nd referencing the informtion on wste chrcteristics nd the source of the wste strem, so tht it is vilble t ll times. A reference number is given to the wste nd is obtinble t ny time to enble the opertor to identify where specific wste is in the instlltion, the length of time it hs been there nd the proposed or ctul tretment route (v) The trcking system opertes lso s wste inventory/stock control system in rel-time onto the dvnced computerised process control system. It includes: dte of rrivl on-site, wste WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 14 Generlly pplicble Generlly pplicble

15 d Lekge detection nd repir e [other] producer detils, detils on ll previous holders, n unique identifier, pre-cceptnce nd cceptnce nlysis results, pckge type nd size, intended tretment/disposl route, n ccurte record of the nture nd quntity of wstes held on-site including ll hzrds detils on where the wste is physiclly locted in reltion to site pln, t which point in the designted disposl route the wste is currently positioned. A procedure tht, for the purpose of erly detection, opertes regulrly lek checks of vessels, tnks, spits, dringe, pipe work nd triggers prompt rection by the mintennce tem. Prticulr ttention is pid to underground elements. See BAT 1.xii(b). Applicble in instlltions where mterils tht my esily lek nd generte fugitive emissions nd or soil contmintion re stored Reception, hndling nd storge 8. In order to reduce the environmentl risks in the wste tretment nd to improve the wste tretment performnce, BAT is to hve good knowledge of the wste input nd sfe nd sound wste input reception by using ll the following techniques: [BAT 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 43, 72, 87, 92, 95, 105] Techniques Description Applicbility Pre-cceptnce The wste input pre-cceptnce procedure provides detils of the Generlly procedure following steps tht re performed by the opertor: pplicble b Smpling procedure nd lbortory fcility (i) The following informtion is received nd verified with the producer; the contct detils of the wste producer n pproprite description of the wste input, including its composition nd hzrdousness; informtion on the nture nd vribility of the wste input genertion process; the Europen Wste List (EWL) code for the wste input. (ii) for ech new wste tretment request, potentilly suitble tretment method for ech wste input btch is identified, tking into ccount: the instlltion tretment cpbilities nd risks; the desired output qulity nd intrinsic risk (iii) representtive wste input smples from its genertion process re obtined nd nlysed; (iv) tests on the wste input smples with respect to the plnned tretment re conducted; (v) the tretment of the wste input is ssessed, by pplying cler nd sound-bsed methodology, on the bsis of the physicochemicl properties of ech individul wste input btch nd the specifictions for the output (treted wste). (vi) [other] A smpling procedure nd lbortory fcility includes: (i) The smpling procedure is bsed on risk pproch. Some elements to consider re the type of wste (e.g. hzrdous or nonhzrdous) nd the knowledge of the customer (e.g. wste producer) Generlly pplicble This my ffect the pplicbility WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 15

16 c Acceptnce procedure (ii) registrtion of ll wste mterils (iii) the relevnt physicochemicl prmeters re checked on (e.g. by viscometry, infrred, chromtogrphy nd mss spectrometry s pproprite) (iv) smpling procedures re customised for bulk liquid bulk solids lrge nd smll continers / vessels. The number of smples increses with the number of continers / vessels. lbortory smlls. (v) detils of the smpling of wstes in drums within designted storge, e.g. the time-scle fter receipt (vi) smple prior to cceptnce (vii) the following informtion is determined nd recorded: the smpling regime for ech lod, together with record of the justifiction for the selection of ech option re recorded; suitble loction for the smpling points; the cpcity of the smpled vessel (for smples from drums, n dditionl prmeter would be the totl number of drums); the number of smples nd degree of consolidtion; the operting conditions t the time of smpling. (viii) in the cse of cold mbient tempertures, temporry storge my be needed in order to llow smpling fter defrosting. (ix) lbortory to timely nlyse ll the smples t the required speed. (x) robust qulity ssurnce system nd qulity control methods for the lbortory. The lbortory nlyses results re timely recorded onto the dvnced computerised process control system. Prticulrly for hzrdous wstes, this often mens tht the lbortory needs to be on-site (xi) [other] The wste input cceptnce procedure provides detils the following steps tht re performed by the opertors: of some of the bove items in this BAT (see Section ). Generlly pplicble (i) the opertor ccepts the wste input only if defined tretment method nd disposl/recovery route for the output of the tretment is determined; the results of the lbortory nlysis re used to fine-tune the min control prmeters for the chosen tretment route (e.g. by men of bench-scle test) (see precceptnce technique (v)); (ii) the opertor follows cler nd unmbiguous criteri for the rejection of wstes nd the reporting of ll non conformnces; (iii) the residul wste storge cpcity of the instlltion is n informtion lwys kept up-to-dte in the dvnced computerised process control system; pre-booking system ensures tht the residul wste storge cpcity is sufficient for the incoming cceptble wste inputs; (iv) the opertors fully document nd del with wste inputs rriving t the site, by checking nd recording tht the following criteri re vilble, gurnteed nd respected the necessry storge given by the rel-time inventory, tretment cpcity, disptch conditions, including the cceptnce criteri required by the receiver of the output; (v) determintion tht the wste input is not rdioctive wste; (vi) the opertors inspect the wste input lso to check complince with the description received during the pre-cceptnce procedure: visully when there re no sfety concern when visul inspection is not fesible for sfety nd/or helthy resons, the control of the complince of wste-input is supported by nlyticl equipments (e.g. viscometry, infrred, chromtogrphy, mss spectrometry), lbortories nd the dequte humn resources WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 16

17 d Reception system e [other] A reception system includes: (i) move wste to the storge re only fter cceptnce of the wste (ii) written procedures to mnge non-ccepted wste (iii) dedicted qurntine wste storge re where the rejected wste cn temporrily be sfely stored when the inspection or nlysis indictes tht the wstes fil to meet the cceptnce criteri (including, e.g. dmged, corroded or unlbelled drums). Such storge nd procedures re designed nd mnged to promote the rpid mngement of the rejected wste (e.g. dys or less) (iv) procedure deling with rejected wste tht includes ll mesures to: inform competent uthorities, sfely store the delivery for ny trnsition period reject the wste nd send it bck to the wste producer or to ny other uthorised destintion. (v) [other] Generlly pplicble 9. In order to reduce the environmentl risk of ccidents nd incidents from the hndling of wste, BAT is to use ll the following techniques: [BAT 28, 40] Techniques Description Applicbility Hndling systems Hndling systems nd procedures ensure tht wstes nd procedures re trnsferred to the pproprite storge sfely. b Loding nd A mngement system for the loding nd unloding of unloding wste tkes into considertion ny risks tht these mngement system ctivities my incur. In is n integrted prt of the EMS (see ), whose options include ticketing systems, supervision by site stff, keys or colour-coded c Wste origin checking d Fit-for-purpose equipments e [other] points/hoses or fittings of specific size A qulified person ttends the wste holder site to check the lbortory smlls nd the old originl wste to ctegorise them ccording to the wste tretment procedures nd to pckge the wste into specific continers, which my include specil protection from mechnicl dmge (e.g. fillers dpted to the pckged wste properties) Vessels, hoses, vlves nd connections re used when they re not dmged. Applicble to the tretment of wste from n uncler origin or undefined wste Generlly pplicble 10. In order to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce the environmentl risk of the storge of wste, BAT is to use ll the following techniques: [BAT 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 34] Techniques Description Applicbility Strtegic loction of The storge res re locted: storge res wy from wtercourses nd sensitive perimeters, nd to reduce the hndling nd movement of wstes cross the site A dedicted re/store for sorting nd repckging lbortory smlls or similr wste is equipped with ll necessry mesures relted to the specific risk WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 17

18 b Sfety storge conditions c Storing of continerised wstes under cover d Sorting nd repckging lbortory smlls of the wstes Wste-input nd output re stored in specific continers, in building under slight negtive pressur nd controlled temperture Continerised wstes re stored in covered res tht give protection from e.g. sunlight, too high/low temperture, precipittion. The covered res hve dequte ventiltion nd ccess lwys vilble. lbortory smlls or similr wste re sorted ccording to their hzrd clssifiction, with due considertion for ny potentil incomptibility problems nd then repckged. After tht, they re moved to the pproprite storge re. e Vlve closures All connections between the vessels re cpble of being closed vi vlves. f Preventing overflows Prevention mesures for sludge nd liquids to chieve levels higher thn sfe threshold. Preventing the emergence of foms tht my ffect such mesures in tnks for liquids, e.g. by regulrly controlling the tnks, by sucking out the sludge for pproprite further tretment nd using nti-foming gents. Equipping tnks nd vessels with level meters nd lrms. These systems need to be sufficiently robust (ble to work if sludge nd fom is present) nd regulrly mintined. g Inert tmosphere Storing orgnic liquid wste with low flshpoint under nitrogen tmosphere llows keeping it inert. h Bund for liquids Bunds for liquid wste storge re impermeble nd resistnt to the stored liquids. Seprte bunds re used for incomptible liquids. i Tnk nd pipe work lbelling j Minimistion of storge residence time k [other] Tnk nd process pipe work lbelling consists in: i. clerly lbelling ll vessels with regrd to their contents nd cpcity, nd pplying n unique identifier. Tnks hve n ppropritely lbelled system depending on their use nd contents ii. lbels differentiting between wste wter nd process wter, combustible liquid nd combustible vpour nd the direction of flow (i.e. in or outflow) iii. keeping records for ll tnks, detiling the unique identifier; cpcity; its construction, including mterils; mintennce schedules nd inspection results; fittings; nd the wste types which my be stored/treted in the vessel, including flshpoint limits iv. keeping the lbelling system synchronised with the dvnced computerised process control system of BAT 7.b Tke mesures (e.g. cceptnce plnning, identifying the mximum cpcity limit for tht wste, nd ensuring storge cpcity is not exceeded) to void problems tht my be generted from the storge/ccumultion of wste Applicble to mercurycontining wste Applicble when continerised wstes re stored t ny stges, including pending the smpling nd emptying. Not pplicble if the wste or the continers re not ffected by mbient conditions. Not pplicble when the wste is used s rectnt Comptibility to mix or blend 11. In order to reduce pollution emissions nd to prevent incidents/ccidents from the wste tretment, BAT is to use ll the following techniques: WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 18

19 [BAT 13, 14, 29, 30, 72, 78, 79, 80] Techniques Description Applicbility Segregtion nd A segregtion nd comptibility procedure includes the following Applicble bove comptibility fetures: [threshold for ech procedure (i) keeping records of the testing, including ny rection concerned wste] giving rise to sfety prmeters (increse in temperture, genertion of gses or rising of pressure); record of the operting prmeters (viscosity chnge nd seprtion or precipittion of solids) nd ny other relevnt prmeters, such s genertion of odours; the records re inserted into the dvnced computerised process control system of BAT 7.b; (ii) pcking continers of wste into seprte drums bsed on their hzrd clssifiction. Wste which re incomptible (e.g. oxidisers nd flmmble liquids, metls-bering wste nd complexing gents, other chemicl incomptibilities) re not stored in the sme drum; (iii) evidence of the mixing/blending environmentl benefits is proven nd recorded onto the dvnced computerised process control system of BAT 7.b by considering the following fetures: (i) The reduction of substnces concentrtion in the wste is not considered n environmentl benefit; (ii) the type of wste (e.g. hzrdous, contining POP/ccumultive substnces): wste with POP, ccumultive substnces, chromium (VI), [other substnce] re usully not comptible with other mterils or wste, unless specific environmentl benefit is obtined by the mixing/blending opertion. (iii) wste tretment to be pplied, (iv) the emissions of the tretment process s well s (v) the subsequent steps tht will be crried out to the output b Procedure to mix/blend Mixing/blending opertions, such s: (i) bulking of different btches tht hve to be unloded; (ii) re-using the wste from one ctivity/tretment s feedstock for nother c [other] re crried out: (i) fter positive outcome of the segregtion nd comptibility procedure; (ii) by trined personnel under instruction nd supervision of suitble mnger/chemist; dditionl cre is tken when opening of pckged wste is required; (iii) under locl exhust ventiltion (see BAT 13) Input pre-tretment nd output finlistion 12. In order to reduce the mount of treted wste sent to disposl nd increse the wste recovery efficiency while chieving the output qulity requested by the receiver, BAT is to implement the Europen wste hierrchy by using the following techniques: [BAT 2, 4, 11, 15, 34, 122, 123, 50, 58, 59, 60, 86, 94, 103] Techniques Description Applicbility Detiled mteril blnce A detiled mterils blnce provides Generlly pplicble brekdown of the mteril input (wste, rw mteril, chemicls) nd output (including wste WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 19

20 b c Wste ctivities survey Enhnced qulity of wste input to disposl, wste wter, emissions to ir) by type (i.e. gseous, liquid, solid). This involves: (i) reporting the wste input flow (ii) reporting the rw mteril consumption (iii) reporting the output nd disptched from the instlltion (iv) providing mterils flow informtion (for exmple, Snkey digrms) showing how the mterils flow throughout the process. A survey of the ctivities crried out nd the wste treted, including lso monthly blnce sheet of the wste, residue strems, nd the uxiliry mterils used t the wste tretment plnt. The results re recorded onto the dvnced computerised process control system of BAT 2. The required qulity of wste necessry for improving the environmentl performnce of the wste tretment process to be crried out cn be obtined by e.g. : hving close reltionship with the wste producer/holder, suggesting the customers sites to implement mesures to enhnce the wste qulity Generlly pplicble Generlly pplicble within the constrint given by the uthorities control on the wste producer. d e f g h Preprtion of wste input Full knowledge nd control of the output chrcteristics Own residues mngement pln Re-usble pckging [other] Preprtion or pre-tretment of wste input my involve severl different opertions depending on the wste nture The knowledge nd control re obtined by nlysing nd recording the output ccording to the relevnt prmeters importnt for the receiver (e.g. lndfill, incinertor). Internl residues mngement pln optimise the reuse or regenertion nd estblish the proper disposl of internl residues or wste. Severl own residues or wste re properly hndled, reused or disposed of by implementing the wste hierrchy: Used pckging, including unusble or broken continers, tnks, drums (see BAT 12.g) spent scrubber medi exhust ctlyst sludge [other] Re-usble pckging (drums, continers, IBCs, plettes, etc.) re newly used for contining wste when they re in good working stte nd sufficiently clen on the bsis of the comptibility check between the two substnces contined (first nd second use). In cse of need, they re sent for pproprite tretment (e.g. reconditioning, clening, nd wshing). (i) nd (ii) re pplicble to preprtion of solid wste fuels from limited ferromgnetic portion. BAT-ssocited environmentl performnce levels The BAT-ssocited recovery efficiency levels re presented in Tble 1.2 Tble 1.2: BAT-ssocited recovery efficiency levels WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 20

21 Wste strem Prmeter Unit BAT-AEPL New plnt Existing plnt Monthly verge Wste oil [other wste strems] Recovery rte % Continuous mesurement [65 %, dry bsis] Emissions to ir 13. In order to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce diffuse emissions to ir from wste tretment ctivities, BAT is to use ll the following techniques: [BAT 24, 28, 29, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 65, 72, 82, 88, 89, 98] Techniques Description Applicbility The suitbly sized (e.g. for pek lods ssocited with loding nd unloding) exhust gs extrction, cpture nd btement system consists in: (i) covering the holding tnks, pre-tretment res, storge tnks, mixing/rection tnks nd the filter press res (ii) cpturing nerest to the source nd collecting the exhust gs from vessels nd tnks in the hndling of liquid wste, e.g. by men of extrction or depression nd connecting the hed spce bove the settlement tnks to the overll site exhust tretment units; vpour return lines for loding nd unloding vehicles, routing ll vents to btement systems (iii) hndling nd treting solids nd sludge wste in closed res which re fitted nerest to the source with extrctive vent systems linked to btement equipment; (iv) equipping storge tnks nd vessels with suitble cpture, collection nd tretment systems to tret the vent gses from specific tnks (e.g. therml oxidiser/incinertor or n ctivted crbon dsorption). Exhust gs cpture, collection nd tretment b Low pressure process Keep the process under low pressure, controlled temperture, linked with ir tretment c Enclosed buildings connected to btement Highly odorous mterils re stored nd hndled in fully enclosed or suitbly bted vessels plcing them in enclosed buildings connected to btement Applicble when emissions to ir (e.g. dust, toxic substnces) or odour nuisnce re generted in the loding, unloding, hndling, storing nd processing ([process steps]) of wste nd rw mterils. Applicble when treting mercury-contining wste Applicble to highly odorous mterils d Abtement system Correctly operte, regulrly clen nd optimise optimistion the removl efficiency of the btement system e Recycling of effluents Seprted dust nd contminted crbon from ir Applicble when treting tretment re returned to the process mercury-contining wste f enclosed conveyor systems Applicble to dusty solid wste g The BAT reference document on Emissions from Storge (EFS BREF) contins BAT conclusions tht re of relevnce for the storge nd diffuse emissions of fuels nd dditives. WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 21

22 14. In order to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce dust emissions to ir from wste tretment, BAT is to use one or combintion of the techniques given below: [BAT 41, 93, 107, 128] b Wet scrubber ESP c Bg or fbric filter Generlly pplicble d BAT-ssocited emission levels The BAT-ssocited emission levels for dust re presented in Tble 1.3. Tble 1.3: BAT-ssocited emission levels for dust Wste strem Pollutnt Unit MSW Metllic wstes (shredding, crushing) Spent ctivted crbons Ashes Soils Dust mg/nm 3 Continuous mesurement Monthly verge [In previous BATC, the PM emission levels ssocited to the use of BAT (mg/nm3): 5 20] 15. In order to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce VOCs emissions to ir from wste tretment, BAT is to use one or combintion of the techniques given below: [BAT 37, 93, 126] b c d e Condenser Adsorption system Therml oxidiser ctivted crbon Applicble to extrcted gs from tnks holding wste contminted with solvents BAT-ssocited emission levels The BAT-ssocited emission levels for VOCs re presented in Tble 1.4 Tble 1.4: BAT-ssocited emission levels for VOCs Wste strem Pollutnt Unit Monthly verge Drums/tnks (wshing) MSW VOCs in totl C mg/nm 3 Continuous mesurement WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 22

23 Soils sludge Liquid wstes [In previous BATC, the VOCs emission levels ssocited to the use of BAT (mg/nm3): 7 20, for low VOC lods, the higher end of the rnge cn be extended to 50] 16. In order to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce odorous emissions, BAT is to set up nd implement n odour mngement pln, s prt of the EMS in BAT 1, tht includes ll of the following elements: I. protocol for conducting odour monitoring; II. protocol for response to identified odour events; III. n odour prevention nd elimintion progrmme designed to identify the source(s), to mesure odour emissions, to mesure/estimte odour exposure (see BAT 5), to chrcterise the contributions of the sources nd to implement elimintion nd/or reduction mesures; it includes tble contining ctions nd timelines; IV. reporting progrmme to regulrly inform mngement on the results of the odour mngement pln; V. review progrmme to regulrly updte the odour mngement pln; VI. trining of stff; VII. review of historicl odour incidents nd remedies nd the dissemintion of odour incident knowledge. VIII. [other] Applicbility The pplicbility of BAT 16 III. is restricted to cses where the results of BAT16 I. nd II. led to the ssumption tht odour emissions re likely to cuse significnt odour exposure to sensitive receptors. 17. In order to prevent, or where tht is not prcticble, to reduce odorous emissions from wste tretment, BAT is to use one or combintion of the techniques given below, in ddition to BAT 13. Odour emissions re prevented by minimising the residence time of odorous Minimistion of residence times wste in unloding, hndling, storge nd tretment res, in prticulr under nerobic conditions. b Chemicl tretment Use of chemicls to destroy or to reduce the formtion of odorous compounds Generlly pplicble. c End-of-pipe tretment This potentilly includes: bio filtrtion; bioscrubbing; Generlly pplicble. biotrickling; moving bed trickling filter. d [other] WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 23

24 1.1.4 Emissions to wter nd wter consumption 18. In order to reduce wter consumption nd, where prcticble, to prevent the dischrge of pollutnts to wter from the wste tretment, BAT is to use ll the techniques given below. [BAT 20, 34, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 54, 74, 116] Wste wter At the design stge, identifying the min expected Generlly pplicble tretment plnt chemicl constituents of the treted effluent nd design mke n informed ssessment of the fte of these chemicls in the environment results in dequte levels of emissions. See pre-cceptnce nd cceptnce procedures in BAT 8. b Segregtion of Design of n industril site with optimised wter different wter mngement, where ech (potentilly) strems in the wter contminted wter strem (e.g. rod wter, nd dringe run-offs, process wter) is collected nd treted systems seprtely, depending on the pollution content. Design of n industril site in order to void sending non-contminted wter to generl wste wter tretment system nd to reuse s much s possible collected wter internlly for industril/snitry purpose in substitution of other rw wter. The rinwter is collected in specil bsin for checking, tretment if contminted, nd further use c d Segregte wter strems with hzrdous compounds Mximise internl wter recycling Identify, segregte nd tret wste wters tht my contin hzrdous compounds (e.g. dsorbble orgniclly bound hlogens (AOX); cynides; sulphides; romtic compounds; benzene or hydrocrbons) Increse the number nd/or cpcity of wter recycling systems. e Avoid the use of potble wter Avoid the use of potble wter for processes nd ir-pollution btement techniques f Wter udits Crry out regulr wter udits (see EMS in BAT 1), with the im of incresing the relibility of the control nd btement performnce, reducing wter consumption, nd preventing wter contmintion g [other] Applicble to new plnts. Applicble to existing plnts within the constrints given by the configurtion of the wter circuits Applicble to new plnts. Applicble to existing plnts within the constrints given by the configurtion of the wter circuits Wter recycling my be limited considering the wste tretment process (see specific sections) Generlly pplicble Generlly pplicble BAT-ssocited environmentl performnce levels The BAT-ssocited wter consumption levels re presented in Tble 1.5 Tble 1.5: BAT-ssocited wter consumption levels Wste strem Prmeter Unit [process/wste stems] Fresh wter consumption m 3 /t Continuous mesurement BAT-AEPL New plnt Existing plnt dily verge 19. In order to reduce emissions to wter from wste tretment plnts, BAT is to use one or combintion of the techniques given below: [BAT 52, 53, 55, 56, 67, 75, 83, 116, 120] WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 24

25 b c Mechnicl Filtrtion, sedimenttion, oil seprtion Generlly pplicble tretment Biologicl tretment Aerobic biologicl wste wter tretment using ertion, including the removl of suspended solids by, e.g. sedimenttion, secondry flottion Physicochemicl tretment Removl of COD, prticultes by dding chemicls to cuse the solids to settle, nd metls by incresing ph (precipittion, floccultion, cogultion, sedimenttion, neutrlistion). Some dditionl tretment (e.g. metl hydroxide precipittion, sulphide precipittion) my be needed e.g. when operting spent ctivted crbon regenertion d Adsorption Activted crbon Applicble to wste wter tht is contminted by hzrdous substnces e Therml tretment Evportion Applicble to wste wter tht is highly contminted by hzrdous substnces f [other] BAT-ssocited emission levels The BAT-ssocited emission levels for direct nd indirect dischrge to wter re presented in Tble 1.6 Tble 1.6: BAT-ssocited emission levels to wter from wste tretment Pollutnt Unit ph - COD TOC TSS Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V mg/l Cd+Tl Hg HCT Continuous mesurement AOX [In previous BATC, emission vlues ssocited with the use of BAT (ppm): COD BOD 2 20 Hevy metls (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) Highly toxic hevy metls: As <0.1 Hg Cd < Cr(VI) < ] Monthly verge Consumption of rw mterils nd chemicls 20. In order to reduce rw mterils nd chemicls consumption in the wste tretment, BAT is to use one or combintion of the techniques given below: [BAT 22, 23, 61] use of wste s Wste is used s rw mteril for the tretment rw mteril of other wstes by substituting chemicls or rw WT_BATC_2013_07_AP_MC 25