Peak West-wide System Model Validation Activities

Transcription

1 Peak West-wide System Model Validation Activities 10/24/2016 Brett Wangen Hongming Zhang Gareth Lim

2 Purpose of This Discussion Provide West-wide System Model (WSM) overview Give insight into ongoing model validation activities Discuss actions taken to enrich the WSM Discuss model validation activities that others are doing 2

3 WSM statistics 3 Stations: 8,415 Connectivity Nodes: 101,043 Breakers/Switches: 97,157 Lines: 13,714 Transformers: 5,650 Measurements: 151,000+ Contingencies: ~8,900 defined, minus Alberta and certain multiple contingencies

4 ICCP Points Mapped to WSM 4

5 RAS Model Summary WECC RASRS approved RAS: 282 Number of RAS records in WSM: 420 Number of ICCP provided RAS related points:

6 SE Solution Quality % of Paths Solving within Threshold for Path Flow % Critical Buses Solving within Threshold for Bus Voltages % 99.75% 99.50% 99.25% 99.00% 98.75% 98.87% 98.75% 99.91% 99.53% 99.47% 99.10% 99.10% 98.78% % 99.50% 99.00% 99.99% 99.91% 99.96% 99.91%99.91% 99.96% 99.74% 99.74% 99.61% 98.50% 98.50% 98.25% 98.00% 98.03% 98.00% 6

7 SE Solution Availability State Estimator Converged Solution % 99.99% % 99.99% 99.97% 99.98% 99.99%100.00% 99.94% 99.90% 99.82% 99.80% 99.70% 99.60% 99.50% 7

8 8 Model Enrichment Current Model Enrichment Projects o Enhanced Generator Modeling o Sub-100kV System Modeling o Improved Visualization o Switch Normal State Integration o Enhanced SOL Monitoring o External System Application Mapping Model Enrichment Projects continues to be defined beyond the Projects currently defined o Peak is open to additional suggestions of additional Model Enrichment Projects that can be undertaken

9 Enhanced Generator Modeling Integration Generating Unit Capability Curves o Generators 20 MVA Review of Generating Unit Regulation Data Generating Unit Step-Up Transformers Modeling Review / Integration Wind Farm Equivalence Modeling Review / Integration 9

10 Enhanced Generator Modeling Benefits: o Support Direct Mapping with Generator Dynamics Data in Planning used to Support Disturbance Events Studies & Analyses o Improved Accuracy of Voltage Stability Analysis (VSA) and Transient Stability Analysis (TSAT) tool results 10

11 Sub-100kV System Modeling Modeling of Sub-100kV systems that has impact to the Bulk Electric System (BES) monitoring Integration of associated real-time telemetry to support modeling of Sub-100kV systems Benefits: Increased Accuracy of Real-Time & Ops Planning Analyses Challenges: Dependent on input from TOPs on which Sub-100kV systems that has impact to the Bulk Electric System (BES) monitoring 11

12 Improved Visualization Integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) Latitude & Longitude Data o Substation GIS Data o Transmission Line Routing GIS Data Benefits: o Enhanced Geospatial Visualization of the Transmission System o Integration with of other GIS-centric Data e.g. Weather Overlay, Fire Overlap 12

13 Integrating Visualization Integrated solutions better than one-off solutions PMU data/apps Fire, weather SCADA SE, RTCA VSA, TSA Systems / IT RAS Peak Visualization Platform 13

14 Peak Visualization Platform (PVP) 14

15 Switch Normal State Integration Integration of Switches (Breakers, Disconnects) Normal Status Settings o Includes Bypass Disconnects, Aux Bus Disconnects Benefits: o Potential Improvement to Engineering Study Automation: Operations Planning Studies (e.g. Next Day Studies, Multi-Day Ahead Studies) Real-Time look ahead study automation 15

16 Enhanced SOL Monitoring Dynamics Ratings Integration 16 o Telemetered Ratings o Temperature-Based Ratings o Amps-Based Ratings o Topology-Dependent Ratings SOL Voltage Limits Integration Benefits: Improve Monitoring Accuracy of Transmission Facility Ratings, consistent with the monitoring settings used by the respective Transmission Operators (TOPs)

17 External System Application Mapping Generator Dynamics (DYD) File Mapping Benefits: Support Disturbance Event Studies / Analyses (by Matching Generator representations) Coordinated Outage System (COS) Data Dictionary Mapping Benefits: Support Engineering Study Automation WECC Planning Basecase Model Mapping Benefits: (1) Improves Readability of WSM Model Exported PTI Raw files by Planning Engineers, (2) Improves Ease of Modeling Data Comparisons 17

18 WSM-vs-PMU Data Comparison Simulated Multiple events in PSLF (using WSM) and benchmarked results against PMUs: 18 o Jan 29, 2014 (BPA RAS) o April 9, 2014 (Four Corners unit trip) o Ch. Jo brake test (April 24 th 2014) o May 16, 2014 (BPA RAS) o May 26, 2014 (BPA RAS) o October 18, 2014 (Colstrip unit 3 tripped) o April 28, 2015, (loss of PDCI) o May 28, 2015 (reclosing of Garrison Taft ) o June 17, 2015 (Ch. Jo brake test) o Sept. 1 st loss of Navajo unit o Sept. 5 th loss of two Colstrip units o Sept. 15 th loss of Navajo unit

19 WSM-vs-PMU Data Comparison Chief Jo Brake Test (April 24 th, 2014) 60.1 Custer Bus Frequency PSLF : : : : : :

20 WSM-vs-PMU Data Comparison BPA RAS (May 16 th, 2014) 20

21 WSM-vs-PMU Data Comparison BPA RAS (May 16 th, 2014) work with MVWG & JSIS 21

22 WSM-vs-PMU Data Comparison Failure of Celilo (May 26 th, 2014) 22

23 WSM-vs-Planning Model Comparison Extension of the West-wide System Model Basecase Reconciliation Task Force (WBRTF) Modeling Review Process Revamped Efforts / Process includes: 23 o Peak performing equipment-equipment mapping o Peak developing Comparison Tool & Reporting Process Periodically Generate Reports Continuous Comparison o Completed Initial set of TOPs Transformers & Transmission Line Comparison Reports o Transformers & Transmission Line Comparison Reports sent to all TOPs

24 Other Peak Model Validation Efforts WSM Pre-Outage RTCA vs. Post-Outage SCADA Comparison o Compare flows of major lines / transformers impacted by an Outage o Review of WSM generator response following contingency (loss of generation) 24

25 Example of PMU Measured Response vs. RTCA and TSAT Simulated Response 25

26 RTCA Assumptions Peak s RTCA mimics governor power flow by WSM defined unit participation factors (UPF) (e.g. Pmax/100) Peak s RTCA simulates the post-transient time point (before AGC action but after initial governor response, ~20s) Peak s RTCA allows automatic capacitor switching for designated devices Peak s RTCA allows unit voltage regulation 26

27 Generator Response Basics Frequency decline arrested by system inertia and frequency response of generators 0-20 seconds system response driven by generator governor response AGC kicks in around 20s- 30s Peak s RTCA is simulating pre-agc, roughly seconds after event 27

28 PV Tripping Event Paloverde Unit 1 tripped rejecting ~1300 MW COI flow increased from 3,800 MW to 4,250 MW at 20s, and 4,300 MW in 50s after the disturbance starts per PMU recording Initial WSM simulation of PV unit 1 trip results in COI flow of 4,072 MW (a gap of 180 MW) 28

29 Actual COI Flow 5-min Variation (PMU) After the event, COI flow experienced Primary response for initial 8-10s. After that AGC started to re-dispatch generation 29

30 TSAT/RTCA Simulation with PV#1 Tripping COI SE TSAT Flow Basecase Basecase PMU_COI_P TSAT_COI_P PMU_MALIN_FREQ TSAT_MALIN_FREQ CA The simulation starting point is decent i.e Hz and 57 MW COI flow off to PMU Frequency gap expands to 0.03 Hz at 10s of simulation COI flow gap expands to ~ 150 MW between PMU data and TSAT at the same point

31 RTCA Comparison Observations Comparison of RTCA simulation and PMU: o ~175 MW COI flow difference at 20s Participation factors not accurately driving unit response Mismatch between baseload flag in WSM and actual governor blocked 31

32 TSAT Comparison Observations Comparison of TSAT simulation and PMU: o ~150 MW COI flow off at 20s simulation because SE solved 22 MW less than SCADA measurement TSAT basecase solved 57 MW less than SE case Mismatch between baseload flag in WSM and actual governor blocked Not model PV#1 Aux load (65MW) transfer (~10MW COI flow impact) 32

33 EMS Governor Power Flow Model Review Unit Baseload Flag vs Unit AGC Flag 33 o 1380 units with baseload in *.dyd file of them are mapped with individual WSM unit IDs 96% of gen capacity mapped o Presently 800 WSM units set AGC flag off o As RTCA is to simulate governor power flow response other than AGC gen dispatch Unit AGC flag Off shall match unit Baseload flag set AGC/UPF model in WSM may not mimic primary response accurately

34 RTCA Studies on PV# 1 Outage Use different UPF setting as follows Normal UPF: UPF=Pmax/100 Short UPF: UPF=Pmax/100 or 0 if Baseload flag is set or H=0 Long UPF: UPF=Pmax/100 or 0 if Baseload flag is set Only in-service units with UPF>0 and AGC flag on participate in governor response 34

35 RTCA Studies on PV#1 Outage (COI Base flow=3770 MW) RTCA solves COI flow with PV #1 tripping (tripping 1300 MW PV gen) as follows Short UPF: 4131 MW (best performance) Normal UPF (current setting): 4072 MW Long UPF: 4104 MW RTCA solved COI flows matching PMU recording closely with Short UPF (both unit Baseload flag and Inertia included) 35

36 System Model Validation Tasks Evaluate unit participation factors used in the WSM Investigate TSAT basecase COI flow difference compared to SE basecase COI flow o Impact by small pseudo loads, distributed swing buses Continue to improve unit mapping between WSM and *.dyd files (hundreds of units not mapped yet) Continue to validate and clean up unit baseload flag and inertia constant settings 36

37 Open Discussion What other model validation activities are effective? TOP practices to verify model accuracy? 37

38 Other Model Resources has many resources available to TOPs and BAs: o Peak s WSM o ICCP point mapping to WSM o WSM oneline diagrams o RTCA results 38

39 Hongming Zhang Brett Wangen