REFORMATION IN STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SOIL BY ADDITION OF WASTE FLY-ASH AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_08_170 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed REFORMATION IN STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SOIL BY ADDITION OF WASTE FLY-ASH AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBER Sahil Rana M.E.Student, Chandigarh University (Mohali), Punjab, India Amanpreet Tangri Assistant Professor Chandigarh University Mohali (Punjab), India ABSTRACT India is experiencing ascension in infrastructure as well as road network & highways. Road are designed with smart responsibleness to meet the future performance. Future performance of bitumen pavement depends on the persistence of underlying sub grade soil. Unsettled or weak soil can form vital issue for the pavement. Present analysis study insights on the analysis of advantages of stabilization of sub grade soil. Disposal of fly ash is a downside to the environment because it is produced in giant scale from the thermal power plants. Polypropylene has extremely tensile nature, as well as it is cheap in price, available in abundance as a waste material. The aim of this analysis was to study the result of polypropylene fiber & fly ash on strength of soil, Predicting strength from index properties of soil and correlate between calculated value or predicted value. Experimental program consisting of Atterberg limit, SPT (standard proctor test), C.B.R and U.C.S tests were carried out. Tests were performed on un-stabilized similarly as stabilized sub grade soil at completely different percentages of various stabilizers. Percentage of fly-ash varied from 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % for polypropylene fiber it was 0.60, 1.20, 1.80 and 2.40 %. Results of laboratory investigation revealed that 30 % fly ash, 1.80 % was optimal for the reformation of strength of sub grade. Key words: Soil stabilization, bitumen pavement, clayey soil, waste polypropylene fiber, fly-ash, California bearing ratio Cite this Article: Sahil Rana and Amanpreet Tangri, Reformation in Strength Properties of Soil by Addition of Waste Fly-Ash and Polypropylene Fiber. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(8), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION [1]Soil stabilization is the static physical and chemical alteration of soils to improve their physical properties. Stabilization will enhance the shear strength of soil and manage the editor@iaeme.com

2 Reformation in Strength Properties of Soil by Addition of Waste Fly-Ash and Polypropylene Fiber shrink-swell properties of a soil, so expand the load bearing capacity of a sub-grade to sustain pavements and foundations. The exceptional increase in the production of fly ash and its formularization in an environmentally friendly modus are progressively changing into a matter of worldwide concern. [2] Soil is advanced mixtures of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and innumerous organisms. Soil is usually categorizes into four basic varieties such as: Gravel, Sand, Clay and Silt. Out of them, few possess montmorillonite in high quantity leading to fast swelling and shrinkage upon contact with water. Such soils do not seem to be helpful in construction directly however can be made useful after their stabilization. Soil stabilization is employed for foundation, embankment and main road construction, airport and village roads to highways or superhighway. Soil stabilization improves the bearing capacity, compressibility, strength, and alternative properties of soil. In case of road construction the aim of stabilization of soil is to extend the soundness by increasing its bearing capacity and thus increasing its strength and reduction in pavement thickness. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Pradip D. Jadhao and P. B. Nagarnaik (2008) this investigation spot the domination of fiber length & content on execution of fiber bolstered soil- fly ash sampler. A series of U.C.S & C.B.R tests were carried out in laboratory. P.P fiber with totally different length of 6, 12 and 24 mm. Sample was compacted at M.D.D with percentage of fiber reinforcement 0 to 1.50 % by wt. of soil sample. Some major outcomes were obtained from this examination. Such as, introducing conjecturally distributed fibers significantly raise the uni-axial compressive strength of soil mix. Increased of fiber length restrained the contribution to peak compressive strength. Optimal dosage of fibers is 1.00 % by dry wt. of soil- fly ash mixture. Optimal fiber length is achieved 12mm. Venkata Koteswara Rao Pasupuleti et al. (July- 2012) in this work; an effort is taken to comparison between the amount of earth needed for the sub grade with & without stabilization. By introducing fly ash and fiber to the expansive soils the CBR value is raised. Adding fly ash, bearing ratio of the soil and fly ash mixture is increased 2.7 times where as by adding fiber only C.B.R is increased 1.6 times only. By adding fiber, thickness will be reducing up to 19% and by addition of fly ash there is 40% reduction we achieved. Both fiber and fly ash the thickness is reduced up to 60%.1.5% of fiber and 15 % of fly ash is the optimal percentage, 8610 m3 of soil saved for 1km length of the road surface. In soaked phase the maximum 45% reduction in thickness can save 9870 mt3 of earth for 1km length of the road. C. Gumuser and A. Senol (Nov. 2013) experiment was undertaken to analyze the effects of Multifilament (MF19average) and Fibrillated (F19average) P.P fiber on the compaction and strength characteristics of CH class soil with fly ash in completely different percentage. Soil specimen was prepared at various percentages of polypropylene fiber (i.e. 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by dry wt. of soil) and at fly ash 10% and 15% by dry wt. of soil sample. Introducing P.P fiber raise the strength of the fly ash & soil specimens and changed their brittle behavior into ductile behavior. Inclusion of fiber in to Unstabilize and stabilized-reinforced soil specimen s caused an increase in the California bearing ration and also increase axial stress. Combined use of P.P fiber & fly ash increase strength more than as compared to adding fiber & fly ah separately. Ravi Mishra and S.M Ali Jawaid (Nov-2014) in present study specimens were prepared at completely different percentage of fly ash with soil sample. Aim of present analysis is to weigh strength avail with geo-fiber. Fly-ash mixed with expansive soil and reinforced with geo-fiber find potentiality in road and embankment constructions with due regards for its strength characteristics, durability, longevity and environmental safety. In order to achieve good quality structural fills, the MDD values obtained from standard proctor test may be adopted as a benchmark value. Best result obtained when 38% fly ash, 60% soil and 2% geo fiber is mixed maximum CBR of 5.24% is found and after that increased in fly ash percentage CBR value decreases editor@iaeme.com

3 Sahil Rana and Amanpreet Tangri Phani Kumar. V (Jan-2015) investigates soil stabilizing with worthless material like Polypropylene fiber & fly ash, which reduced the cost of pavement laying. Maximum dry density and CBR in Soaked and Un-Soaked condition increasing by introducing fly ash and polypropylene fiber up to few limit and after that it will start decreasing. The optimal percentage of fly ash and polypropylene is 15% & 25% respectively. P.P.Nagrale et al. (Jan- 2016) Present study generalizes on assessment of advantage of stabilization of road pavement sub grade soil. Two types of soil sample are taken for further investigation i.e. CBR of Soil A and Soil B having 1.45 & 4.67 respectively. Stabilizers were used lime, class F fly ash and synthetic P.P fiber with aspect ratio of 100. Tests performed on both un-stabilized and stabilized sub grade soil at completely different percentages of stabilizers. Lime percentage varied from 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6 %, for fly ash 5, 10, 15 and 20 % whereas for P.P fiber it was 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 % respectively. Maximum value of failure stress is gain at 4.5 % lime, 10 % fly ash and 0.5 % fiber in both soil-a and soil-b sample. Significant change in plasticity index is observed which is attributed to the change in soil nature due to flocculation and agglomeration etc. Optimal value of lime, fly ash and polypropylene is observed 4.5 %, 10 % and 0.5 % respectively for the reformation of strength characteristics of soil. Saurabh. Sanjay Deshpande and M.M. Puranik (April-2017) concluded that the black cotton soil mixed with fly ash and polypropylene fibers. It is considered to be good ground reclamation technique considerably in highly expansive soils. Compressive Strength (UCS) of soil increases with the augmentation in polypropylene fiber. Best percentage of fly ash and fiber is 15 % & 1.5 % respectively from the U.C.S. point of view. 3. MATERIAL & COLLECTION: 3.1. Soil Sample Soil used in this study was brought from Jwali district Kangra (H.P.), classified as clay of medium plasticity (CI) with expansive nature. Reddish brown in color, consistency is medium to stiff. Figure 1 Soil sample 3.2. Fly-Ash Collected fly-ash sample is from Guru Gobind singh thermal power station, which is situated near village Ghanauli Distt: Ropar (Punjab) on Chandigarh-Manali National highway NH-21. Calculated specific gravity of fly ash is Thermal power stations generate fly ash as byproduct in abundance. [3]There are about 151 thermal power plants in India. The current production of fly ash is about 177 million tonnes yearly. Only 61% ( Million tonnes) of the entire fly ash is being used in our nation presently in engineering practices editor@iaeme.com

4 Reformation in Strength Properties of Soil by Addition of Waste Fly-Ash and Polypropylene Fiber 3.3. Polypropylene 6mm size PP fiber is used to conduct this study. [4]Polypropylene is the second-most produced synthetic plastic after polyethylene in the world, polypropylene fiber in soil shows significant changes in the shear and ultimate strength along with enhancement of other engineering properties. Figure 2 P.P fiber of 6mm size Table 1 Characteristics of the Polypropylene Fiber:- Property Value Specific gravity 0.91 Unit Wt. 0.91g /cm3 Nature Inert Breaking tensile strength 350 M pa Water absorption Nil 4. METHODOLOGY In present study analyses soil was mixed with P.P fiber and F.A in completely different ratio and lab tests perform on soil samples including several percentages of fly-ash i.e. 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% and for P.P fiber 0.60, 1.20, 1.80, 2.40 by dry wt. of the soil respectively. Various tests performed on soil and fly-ash mix as per Indian standard code:- 1. Liquid limit (LL) 2. Plastic limit (PL) 3. Plasticity index (PI) 4. Predicting strength characteristics of soil from its index properties and correlate between calculated value or predicted value. 5. Standard proctor test to check Compaction characteristics. 6. California bearing ratio (CBR) test. 7. Find out UCS from CBR value with the help of empirical formula editor@iaeme.com

5 4.1. Index Properties of Soil Sahil Rana and Amanpreet Tangri Table 2 S.N Parameter Result obtained 1 Plastic Limit(P.L) % 16% 2 Liquid limit(l.l) % 35% 3 Plasticity index (LL-PI) % 19% 4 Soil classification CI 5 Specific gravity Optimal moisture content 14% (O.M.C) % 7 Max. dry density (M.D.D) 1.86 g/cc 8 California bearing ratio (C.B.R)% RESULT AND DISCUSSION Result obtained for strength characteristics from soil index properties as:- Predicted strength characteristics from index properties of soil at 30% F.A content where OMC =15.8 % is, CBR =2.16 log (OMC) *L.L i.e. CBR=2.16* *35 CBR=5.04 and calculated CBR value is 5.8. Hence it is clear that the use of soil index properties to predict CBR is relevant because it is simple and easy and it enables rapid estimation of bearing strength parameters. But in case of fly ash, soil and P.P fiber mix it gives strength value by difference of 20 %. Chart 1 Figure 3 Performing Std. proctor test 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Vergin soil 10% F.A 20% F.A 30% F.A 40% F.A 50% F.A O.M.C M.D.D C.B.R Figure 4 Showing test result for soil treated with F.A editor@iaeme.com

6 Reformation in Strength Properties of Soil by Addition of Waste Fly-Ash and Polypropylene Fiber S.N F.A and fiber content (%) OMC (%) MDD (%) Table 3 CBR (%) Figure 5 Test result for soil treated with fiber and F.A Chart 2 Figure 6 Preparing sample for CBR testing % F.A PP FIBER 30% F.A PP FIBER 30% F.A PP FIBER 30% F.A PP FIBER O.M.C M.D.D C.B.R Figure 7 Showing test result for soil treated with 30% F.A and difference percentage of fiber editor@iaeme.com

7 Sahil Rana and Amanpreet Tangri By addition of fly ash and polypropylene fiber M.D.D starts increasing and O.M.C starts decreasing. Maximum CBR value obtained at percentage of 30% fly ash and 1.80 % fiber content by dry wt. of soil. Find out UCS from calculated CBR value by applying empirical formula certain test result is obtained as: Empirical formula, Unconfined compressive strength (qu) =22* CBR (kpa) Table 4 SN Calculated CBR value UCS(qu)= 22*CBR Kpa Kpa Kpa Kpa Fig: UCS calculated from CBR value through empirical formula Virgin soil is treated with at 30% fly ash (optimum value of F.A) content and different percentage of polypropylene fiber we obtained certain value of CBR, with the help of calculated CBR we find out unconfined compressive strength of soil by applying empirical formula as shown in Table no. 4. Hence given empirical formula is valid for calculating unconfined compressive strength from calculated CBR value. 6. CONCLUSIONS O.M.C start increasing and M.D.D start decreasing when soil is treated with fly ash. This happen due to less specific gravity of fly ash in comparison of soil. Maximum O.M.C obtained at 30% F.A content and then it starts decreasing. Predicted CBR=5.04 and calculated CBR value is 5.8, when soil is treated at optimum % of fly ash. But in case of fly ash, soil and P.P fiber mix it gives strength value by difference of 20 %. Hence it is clear that the use of soil index properties to predict CBR is relevant because it is simple or easy and enables rapid estimation of bearing strength parameters. We find out U.C.S by using empirical formula. Maximum U.C.S obtained at when soil is treated with 30%FA+1.80 PP fibers. After that when we test soil specimen in laboratory at the same percentage we obtained UCS value 161 kpa. It is clear from result that given empirical formula gives result approximately to the calculated value and hence valid for calculating U.C.S from CBR value. Maximum fiber length is kept 6mm because it is very easy to mix fiber with soil. As previous researcher use different size of fiber, which is very difficult to mix fiber thoroughly with soil. REFERENCES [1] Midstate reclamation & trucking, [2] Mishra, M., Maheshwari, U. K. and Saxena, N. K. (October-2016). Improving Strength of Soil using fiber and Fly ash International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, IRJET, Volume: 03 Issue: 10, PP, [3] ENVIS center of fly ash (hosted by central building research institute, Rorkee) [4] Market Study: Polypropylene (4th edition) editor@iaeme.com

8 Reformation in Strength Properties of Soil by Addition of Waste Fly-Ash and Polypropylene Fiber [5] Jadhao, P.D. and Nagarnaik, P.B. (2008), Influence of Polypropylene Fibers on Engineering Behavior of Soil Fly Ash Mixtures for Road Construction Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE) Vol. 13, Bund. C, PP 1-11 [6] Rao pasupuleti, V.K., Kollaru, S.K. and Blessingstone. T. (July-2012), Effect of Fiber on Fly-Ash Stabilized Sub Grade Layer Thickness International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) Vol 4, issue: 4, PP [7] Gumuser, C. and Senol, A., (Nov. 2013), Effect of fly ash and different lengths of polypropylene fibers content on the soft soils International Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 12, Issue No. 2,PP [8] Mishra, R. and Ali Jawaid, S.M. (Nov-2014), geo-fiber reinforced fly ash for ground improvement GJESR RESEARCH PAPER VOL. 1 Issue: 10, PP [9] KUMAR, P.V. (Jan-2015), Experimental Investigation on California Bearing Ratio (CBR) For Stabilizing Silty Sand with Fly Ash and Waste Polypropylene International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 4, Issue: 7, PP [10] Nagrale, P.P., Patil, A.P. and Bhaisare, S. (Jan-2016), Strength Characteristics of Subgrade Stabilized With Lime, Fly Ash and Fibre International Journal of Engineering Research Volume No.5, Issue Special: 1 PP: [11] Deshpande, S.S. and Puranik, M.M. (April-2017) Effect of Fly Ash and Polypropylene on the Engineering Properties of Black Cotton Soil SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) volume 4, Issue 4, PP editor@iaeme.com