Percolating That Pesky Problem

Transcription

1 Percolating That Pesky Problem (Stormwater) Bruce Wilson Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

2 Zenith City (Duluth) 1870s Photograph courtesy of Duluth Public Library

3 International Falls circa 1905 Wilson Steamship Company

4 Duluth circa 1890 s Mid-West s San Francisco

5 DULUTH 2010 MINNESOTA S SECOND LARGEST CITY 87.3 SQ MILES THIRD LARGEST POPULATION (2000 CENSUS) ~ 820 FOOT DROP IN ELEVATION TROUT STREAMS

6 Expectations: High quality product drives the North Shore travel & tourism Photos from Duluth Travel and Tourism

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8 From Carlson, Todd (2007)

9 Driving Natural Forces

10 2001 MLCCS Data Bart Richardson, MDNR

11 and Fastest North Population Central Growth Counties Projected for Suburbs to 2030 A;lskdfjas;ldkfjasd;lkfjasdl;kfjasd;lkfjas;dlkfjasld;kfj A;lskdfjas;lkdfjas;ldkfjasd;lkfjasdlkfjas;ldkjfasdlkfj And North Source: Central MN State Counties Demographic Center 2000 to 2030 Source: MN State Demographic Center Minnesota Average 27.4% -10.8% to.0%.0% to 10.0% 10.0% to 27.4% 27.4% to 50.0% 50.0% to 102.9%

12 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

13 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Stormwater Analogies to Wastewater Treatment A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Pretreatment: ordinances, housekeeping, better site A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk design, street sweeping Primary Treatment: removal of gross pollutants, coarse materials, screening and sedimentation + reduce rates A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd Secondary Treatment: Removal of fines, nutrients, metals + additional reduction rates Tertiary Treatment: Advanced biological uptake of A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj nutrients, removal of heavy metals + enhanced sedimentation, Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk filtration + reduce rates and volumes A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

14 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Municipal Wastewater Advances over ~40 years A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk 600 A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd 400 A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj 's 1950's 1960's 1970's 1980's 1990's Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Served by sewer system with secondary treatment A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf Served by sewer system with no treatment 17 Number of municipalities Served by sewer system with tertiary treatment Served by sewer system with some treatment Not served by sewer system

15 Extremes Become More Ordinary? Extreme Drought Extreme Rainfall Sturgeon River; Sept ~ 300 years Grand Marais, June, in 6 hours Little Fork River; Aug ~ 25 years Iron Range, Sept Rainy River; Feb ~ 50 years Koochiching County, Aug Basswood River; Nov Knife River; Winter, flows ~ 50 years ~ 50 years Lake of the Woods and Roseau Counties, June Flood of record Baudette, August, Pigeon River, Winter 2007 ~ 50 years NE Minnesota, July 4, 1999 Blowdown storm 6 8

16 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Knife River after the 1999 Rain Event A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf (Photo courtesy of St. Paul Pioneer Press)

17 Duluth street after two intense storm events (August and September of 1972) Photograph courtesy of Nancy Nelson, Skyline Planning and Preservation Alliance

18 Miller Creek Flooding Photograph courtesy of Tim Larson, Skyline Planning and Preservation Alliance

19 2010: North Shore Advances Cook County: limit development, structures, and clearing on steep slopes and in bluff areas in shoreline protection zones. Engineered solutions to ravine area. Energy dissipation Minimize and mitigate delivery across the sensitive areas Site care and attention to building practices. Reduce impervious cover associated w/roads, driveways.

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26 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

27 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Minimal Impact Design A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Standards (c) The agency shall develop performance standards, design standards, or other A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk tools to enable and promote the implementation of low-impact development and other stormwater management techniques. For the purposes of this section, A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd "low-impact development" means an approach to storm water management that mimics a site's natural hydrology as the landscape is developed. Using the A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj low-impact development approach, storm water is managed on-site and the rate and volume of predevelopment storm water reaching receiving waters is Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk unchanged. The calculation of predevelopment hydrology is based on native soil and vegetation. A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf Minnesota Statutes 2009, section , subdivision 5c

28 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Certain funding cuts, little chance of success, what are we waiting for?... adapted from Gimli, Lord of the Rings, New Line Cinema. A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

29 MIDS (Minimal Impact Design Standards) mimics a site's natural hydrology storm water is managed on-site and rate and volume of predevelopment storm water reaching receiving waters is unchanged predevelopment hydrology is based on native soil and vegetation.

30 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Minimal Impact Design Standards A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Community Ordinance A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk Goals A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd Carrol Henderson Performance A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Goal Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf Calculation Methodologies Dennis O Hara Northernimages.com for a Menu of Techniques

31 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Minimal Impact Design Standards A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk To implement credits and Community Assistance goals at the local level A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

32 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd MIDS A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Performance goals (rate + volume) A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk Credits : Volume, Rate, TP (TSS?) Calculators: Volume, TP, TSS performance A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd and credits Scoping spreadsheet A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj As built spreadsheet Ordinance goals St. Croix Basin Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Standardization of goals A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

33 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Native soils MIDS A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk HSG (A, B, C, D) Native vegetation A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd Prairie/grass A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Forest (deciduous, conifer) Incorporate regional differences Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Slopes, clay, bedrock A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

34 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Performance Goals A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk New Development Post = Pre Event Based Analyses (rate, volume) A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd Continuous XPSWMM for native soils and vegetation, for various IC. 10 acre new site rate and volume, varying soils for three performance goals. Rate & volume plus rate for year storms for new site & A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj conditions. Create translator for antidegradation and Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk TMDLs based on annual loads P8 model continuous modeling of same variables & 30 years of storms. A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

35 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd MIDS Work Group: 24 Organizations A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

36 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd From: Andy Reese s Infiltration for Volume Control A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

37 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd MIDS A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk Minimal Impact Design Standards A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

38 Photograph courtesy of Tim Larson, Skyline Planning and Preservation Alliance

39 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd From: Andy Reese s Infiltration for Volume Control A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

40 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Fixing the Poplar River Mega Slump A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Boulder Revetment Mega- Slump Stream Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf Project Bridge Keys Bendway Weir Pre-dug Scour Holes Mini Swale Transplanted Veg Planform

41 Dave Derrick in key trench placing large willow poles on DS side of trench Deeply planted willows oriented perpendicular to flow will act as a Living Dike, slowing near-bank flow velocities. CONSTRUCTION-POPLAR MEGA-SLUMP-PIX BY JAY MICHELS 08/08

42 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Looking Bendway Weir #4 and stone revetment A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-POPLAR MEGA-SLUMP-PIX BY DERRICK 08-08

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44 Started at a campsite in May of 2007, the Ham Lake Fire burned over 100 structures and thousands of acres of forest Photographs courtesy of the US Forest Service

45 It all comes down to our water! Photograph courtesy of former MPCA Regional Manager, John Pegors

46 Climate variability: drought Stream & Date Drought Recurrence Interval (years) Sturgeon River; Sept Little Fork River; Aug Rainy River; Feb Basswood River; Nov Knife River; Winter, 2003 Pigeon River, Winter 2007 ~ 300 years ~ 25 years. ~ 50 years ~ 50 years ~ 50 years 0 flows ~ 50 years.

47 Extreme 24 hour rainfall events exceeding 4 inches Location Grand Marais, June, 2008 Rainfall (inches) 5 in 6 hours Iron Range, Sept Koochiching County, Aug Lake of the Woods and Roseau Counties, June 2002 Baudette, August, Flood of record NE Minnesota, July 4, 1999 Blowdown storm 6 8 Note a 6 24 hour rain storm is approximately a 1 in a 100 year event.

48 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Tourism, Development, and Water Quality on the North Shore A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Population, Tourism, Development A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk Steadily Increasing Tourism a major sector of our economy A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd $275 Million spent (2000) in the North Shore A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Area Tourism Closely Tied to the Quality of the Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Natural Environment (Lake Superior, Streams, Inland Lakes) A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf From Anderson, Evenson, Estabrooks and Wilson, 2003

49 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Native Vegetation A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

50 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd 2001 MLCCS Data A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf Bart Richardson, MDNR

51 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Fastest Population Growth Projected for Suburbs and North Central Counties to 2030 Source: MN State Demographic Center A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Minnesota Average 27.4% -10.8% to.0%.0% to 10.0% 10.0% to 27.4% Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk 27.4% to 50.0% 50.0% to 102.9% A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

52 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

53 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

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55 MIDS Adjusted Timeline 2011 Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March June Performance Goals: regional, runoff/storm design, antideg, TMDLs Credits & Calculators Q, TP, TSS Ordinance Goals St.Croix MIDS Due Date Products Work Group Review, Updating Phase II Specs, Fact Sheets Antidegradation Rule Schedule Id gaps, unresolved issues Next steps Draft Rule & Sonar May 2011 Alternatives Analysis, Soicio-Economic Analysis

56 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

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58 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd 2001 MLCCS Data A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf Bart Richardson, MDNR

59 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

60 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Bruce Wilson Minnesota Pollution Control Agency A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

61 Looking down on Rice s Point in Duluth, 1880s Photograph courtesy of the Duluth Public Library

62 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd MIDS A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

63 Miller Creek Brook Trout Photograph courtesy of Tom Estabrooks, MPCA

64 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Increasingly variable climate A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Changes in Northland since 1990 s A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk Fewer & larger storms More dry periods A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd Wetlands & trout streams A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

65 Drought Monitor Oct 26,

66 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Tourism, Development, and Water Quality on the North Shore A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Population, Tourism, Development A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk Steadily Increasing Tourism a major sector of our economy A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd $275 Million spent (2000) in the North Shore A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Area (~$355 in 2010$ by CPI) Tourism Closely Tied to the Quality of the Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Natural Environment (Lake Superior, Streams, Inland Lakes) A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf From Anderson, Evenson, Estabrooks and Wilson, 2003

67 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Mimimal Impact Design Standardization (MIDS) A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Performance Goals: pre and post A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk development based on native soils and vegetation A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd Credits: volume control + phosphorus (total suspended solids) A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Calculator: standard method for credits Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk Ordinance Goals: St. Croix MIDS Project A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

68 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Conventional Stormwater Treatment A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk Primary: catch basins, wet ponds, dry ponds, screening, A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk oil/water separators, hydrodynamic separators. Secondary: Extended storage, filtration devices, sand filters A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd Tertiary: Catch basin inserts, media filters, chemical additives (iron) A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf

69 A;ldkfja;lksdfja;slkdfjals;kd Low Impact Development: Rate A;sdlkfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjas;lk + Volume Control Primary treatment via sedimentation : grass swales, A;lskdfjas;ldkfjas;ldkfjasldk reuse, buffers, filter strips Secondary treatment via bioretention, permeable A;lskdjfa;lskdjf;alskdjfa;lsd pavement, infiltration trenches & basins, infiltration in swales, filter strips A;sldkfja;lsdkfjasldkfjasldkj Tertiary: Enhanced filters, swales, basins to remove dissolved pollutants (P). Asldkfjaslkdfja;sldkfjalsdk A;lsdkfja;lskdfjasldkfjasldkf