Solar Thermal Systems- A reliable technology for Green Buildings

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1 Solar Thermal Systems- A reliable technology for Green Buildings Murat Aydemir General Manager (M.Sc. Mech.Eng., ASHRAE) Viessmann Middle East FZE, UAE Monroe Hotel, Beirut

2 Viessmann Werke Founded: 1917 Headquarters: Allendorf (Eder) GER Products: Comprehensive product range heating- and climatetechnology Employees: Turn-over: 1,7 Bil. Euro Export Share: 60 % Third generation family-owned enterprise Among the Top 3 of industry

3 Viessmann Headquarter Allendorf (Eder), Germany 130 km North of Frankfurt

4 Comprehensive product range For all energy sources and all output ranges kw to 20 MW in three program levels 1,5 kw kw Oil Natural Gas Solar Bio Energy Natural Heat Energy sources: Output range: Range categories: System solutions: Oil, natural gas, solar, bio energy (wood, biogas), natural heat 1,5 kw to kw 100 Plus, 200 Comfort, 300 Excellence Integrated system components

5 Advanced heating systems for all energy sources Oil, gas, solid fuel, solar, natural heat

6 Viessmann has system solutions for heating, hot water, steam and solar energy applications in housing and commercial projects

7 The power source of the earth In less than four hours the sun radiates the annual energy demand of the world s population to the earth. Annual Solar Radiation on Earth Estimated Fossil Fuel Sources Annual Energy Consumption on Earth

8 Solar radiation on the Earth Atmosphere 1360 W/m W/m 2

9 Solar energy Annual energy amount (global radiation) Country City Annual energy amount kwh / m 2 x year UAE Dubai 2027 Qatar Doha 1990 Saudi Arabia Riyadh 1873 Jordan Amman 1870 Syria Damascus 1862 Lebanon Beirut 1734 Italy Milano 1241 France Paris 1127 Germany Frankfurt 1087 UK London 899

10 Solar radiation on the Earth Utilisation of solar energy in the collectors Output / losses A B C D E F G H K diffused radiation direct solar radiation wind, rain, snow, convection convection losses thermal conduction losses heat radiated by the absorber heat radiated by the glass cover useful collector output reflection -Diffuse radiation of Doha is 44,5 % Daily energy values irradiated onto the horizontal plane over a 12 month period

11 related to buildings Heat Electricity (direct with PV) Concentrated Solar Power Solar lighting Bio Fuels

12 Solar energy related to buildings What can we do with the heat? Heat >80% - Domestic hot water - Pool heating - Heating support in cold climates - Process heat - Solar cooling with absorption chillers - Solar desalination

13 Solar-thermal: Heat through sunshine Vitosol 100/200-F Flat Vitosol 200-T tube Vitosol 300-T tube-heat pipe

14 Vitosol 200-F Flat collector All round folded aluminium frame Stable, highly transparent cover made from special glass S patterned copper absorber Highly effective thermal insulation

15 Vitosol 200-T Evacuated tube collector with copper absorber, direct flow Highly effective thermal insulation Coaxial distributor pipe Header Direct flow Sol-titanium coated absorber High grade, low ferrous glass

16 Vitosol 300-T Evacuated tube collector with copper absorber, heat pipe technology Highly effective thermal insulation Dry connection, no direct contact between carrier and heat transfer medium High grade, low ferrous glass Duotec twin-pipe heat exchanger with integral overheating protection Heat pipe Sol-titanium coated absorber

17 Solar Thermal Collector efficiency- highest ROI Solar heating system for DHW Solar heating system for DHW and central heating back-up Solar heating system for generating process heat / solar air conditioning

18 Life expectations of solar collectors 20 years +

19 Life expactations of solar collectors 30 years 35 years

20 Certificates of solar collectors Performance & Reliability Test reports according to EN 12975

21 Solar Thermal hot water generation 1 Solar collectors, Vitosol 2 pumping station Divicon and accessories 1 3 Dual mode or multi mode DHW cylinder Control unit Vitosolic 5 Back-up system oil/gas boiler, electrical or heat pump

22 Design of a solar thermal system for DHW Basic information for a single house 120 m 2 Consumption A Room heating requirement of a building B Room heating requirement of a low-energy house C Hot water required Gain D Solar energy yield with 5 m² of absorber surface area E Solar energy yield with 15 m² of absorber surface area

23 Thumb rules DHW demand: 50 l/pers/day at 60 o C Collector area: 1 m 2 at 100 l of DHW at 60 o C Buffer tank: 50 l/m 2 of absorber area

24 Solar simulation Solar simulation software

25 Large scale solar thermal, Example for a liter/day hot water system

26 Large scale solar thermal, Example for a liter/day hot water system

27 Large scale solar thermal, Example for a liter/day hot water system

28 Solar hot water generation closed loop- open loop differences Closed loop Thermosiphon Thermosiphon is the easiest solution: No power supply, no pump, no control, works everywhere Advantages of closed loop system: No tank on collector, architecturally better installation Hot water resirculation possible, less water losses, no problems with low water quality Better control, higher efficiency, no over night cooling losses Best for large scale solar systems

29 Example: Selection of a Solar cooling system in UAE Hot water (Solar panel): flow rate: 32.5 l/sec Temperature: 115 / 103 C Capacity: 1590 kw Cooling water: flow rate: l/sec Temperature: 38 / 43.6 C Capacity: 2578 kw Chilled water: Flow rate: 48.0 l/sec Temperature: 12 / 7 deg C Capacity: 1000 kw

30 Installation examples Case study Green Building, Manchester

31 Installation examples

32 Installation examples Vacuum tube collectors on a vertical surface

33 Installation examples Solar panels as shading elements for the building

34 Installation examples in UAE Jebel Ali Process heating system Solar Absorber gross surface area : 300 m 2 Energy produced by collectors : 376,4 MWh/year Diesel savings : liters/year. CO 2 emissions avoided : kg Application0 : Process heat for hot water loop at manufacturing plant Installed by Value Addition FZE

35 Installation examples in UAE Jebel Ali Process heating system

36 Installation examples in UAE Palm Jumeirah Residential buildings solar hot water system Solar Absorber gross surface area : 14 x 200 m 2 (2800 m 2 ) Energy produced by collectors : 3805 MWh/year Natural gas savings : m 3 /year. CO 2 emissions avoided : kg Backup system Gas fired wall hung condensing boilers Installed by Value Addition FZE

37 Installation examples in UAE Palm Jumeirah System Viessmann Flat Solar Thermal Panels with original support system and connection pipes

38 Installation examples in UAE Palm Jumeirah System Viessmann Domestic Hot Water cylinders Viessmann Gas condensing boilers for the backup of the system (109 % efficiency)

39 Installation examples in UAE System for villa s in Jumeirah Solar hot water system with electric backup Viessmann Domestic Hot Water cylinders

40 Installation examples in UAE Al Quoz System labour camp Operational since 2000

41 Photovoltaic or Solar Thermal? Based on simulations for UAE: 1 m 2 Solar Thermal Investment ~ Euro Gain 1300 kwh/a heat CO 2 savings 932 kg/a Advantages: High heat output, low area requirement, high LEED points with low investment. 1 m 2 PV system Investment ~ 800 Euro Gain 208 kwh/a electric CO 2 savings 184 kg/a On site production of electricity, Prices will come down further next years Grid parity will be reached in next years

42 Overview of Green Building Rating Systems LEED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations 100 base points; 6 possible Innovation in Design and 4 Regional Priority points Sustainable sites 26 possible points Water efficiency 10 possible points Energy and atmosphere 35 possible points Materials and resources 14 possible points Indoor Environmental Quality 15 possible points Innovation in Design 6 possible points Regional Priority 4 possible points Total possible points 110 Energy & Atmosphere According to the U.S. Department of Energy, buildings use 39% of the energy and 74% of the electricity produced each year in the United States. The Energy & Atmosphere category encourages a wide variety of energy strategies: commissioning; energy use monitoring; efficient design and construction; efficient appliances, systems and lighting; the use of renewable and clean sources of energy, generated on-site or off-site; and other innovative strategies.

43 Overview of Green Building Rating Systems Energy and Atmosphere: Efficient appliances (1-19 points) Potential points with Viessmann technology High efficient boilers, burners & cylinders (savings up to 20 %) Viessmann low temperature boilers, Viessmann Vitocell cylinders, Viessmann burners Weather compensated controllers (savings up to 20%) Viessmann Vitocontrol control systems Condensing boiler (savings up to 20 %) Viessmann Vitocrossal stainless steel condensing boilers Low energy pumps (savings up to 70 %) High efficient variabel speed pumps

44 Overview of Green Building Rating Systems Energy and atmosphere: Renewable energy (1-7 points) Solar (solar thermal systems & solar PV to generate electricity) Viessmann Vitosol Wind - Geothermal Viessmann Vitocal heat pumps Biomass Bio-gas Viessmann KÖB/Mawera Biomass boilers Viessmann Bioferm Bio-gas plants

45 Vitocal 160-A Air source heat pump for DHW heating 1,52 kw, 285 liters Sample Calculation: 300liters/day hot water 1.Electrical heater Q = 300 x (60-10)/860 = 17,5 kw Daily loss 1 kw Electric consumption: 18,5 kw 2. Vitocal cylinder with heat pump Q = 18,44 kw required electricity 5,2 kw Cooling inside approx 17 kw Saving at the AC of housing 5,7 kw Electric consumption: 5,7-5,2 = - 0,5 kw SAVING DUE TO cooling side effect = 18,5 +0,5 = 19 kw Annual expected saving 6840 kwh (Max connected electrical load 500 W)

46 Vitocal 160-A in combination with solar energy Max electrical load 500 W for a villa instead of 5-6 kw of electrical heaters

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