Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste in Havana, Cuba

Transcription

1 Powergen Asia 2007 Bangkok Thailand Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste in Havana, Cuba Miro R. Susta IMTE AG Switzerland

2 Project Objective To establish at a pilot level the technical and economic viability of the production of biogas and fertilizer from Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste. November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

3 Biodegradable Waste Sources The Forest Residue Heat & Syngas Wood Processing Industry Heat & Syngas Urban Wood Waste Heat & Syngas Waste from Agricultural Products Processing Industry Biogas & Syngas Solid & Liquid Animal Slurry Syngas & Biogas Agricultural Plant Waste Heat, Biogas, Syngas, Methanol & Ethanol Other Free Field Residue Heat & Syngas Municipal Waste November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

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5 MSW Hierarchy Most Favorable Prevention Minimization Reuse (Cleaning Repair Retrofit Upgrading) Recycling (Metal Glass Plastic Paper) Energy & Fertilizer Production (Biogas Thermal & Electric Energy Compost Liquid Fertilizer) Least Favorable Disposal (Landfill Incineration) November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

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11 Ratio of Havana s MSW in 2003 Industrial 14% Construction 10% Bulk Waste 11% Domestic 59% Commercial 3% Hotels & Restaurants 1% Market Waste 2% November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

12 Havana s Daily MSW Generation in 2003 Industrial 364 ton Construction 260 ton Bulk Waste 286 ton Domestic 1533 ton Commercial 78 ton Hotels & Restaurants 26 ton Market Waste 52 ton November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

13 Technology Choice Direct Combustion MAIN PRODUCT Thermal Energy ThermoChemical Conversion MAIN PRODUCT Charcoal, Syngas BioChemical Conversion MAIN PRODUCT Bioethanol, Biodiesel, Biogas, Methanol Briquetting MAIN PRODUCT Dense Combustible Briquettes Composting MAIN PRODUCT Compost (Fertilizer) Recycling & Converting MAIN PRODUCT Metal, Glass, Plastics, Paper, Oils, etc Extracting MAIN PRODUCT Material & Components for Industrial Applications Cleaning & Special Treatment MAIN PRODUCT Construction & Building Material November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

14 Biochemical Conversion Anaerobic Digestion Technology A versatile and costeffective biowaste treatment technology, particularly for the primary treatment of agroindustrial waste, municipal organic waste and highstrength organic wastes in town wastewater; Methanerich biogas produced as a byproduct of the process readily exploitable as a biofuel for heat and power generation; Nutrient recovery from the digested liquor can be used as a fertilizer; Low process energy requirement vs. high process stability particularly in terms of toxicants and load changes. November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

15 Simplified Digestion Process November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

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17 % ( 65) Biodegradation of Solid Waste N2 H2 CO2 CH Time November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

18 Anaerobic Digestion Decomposition in absence of O 2 Psychrophilic <25 C Mesophilic C Thermophilic C 55% 65% CH 4 ** 35% 45% CO 2 traces of H 2 S ** N 2 ** H 2 Hu MJ/Nm 3 (Natural Gas ~40MJ/Nm 3 ). Biogas November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

19 Average Biogas Yield from AD at Various Temperatures (m 3 / kg BOD) % Biogas Temperature ( o C) Methan November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

20 Optimizing CH4 Production Temperature Control ph Control Fermenting Slurry Mixing and Recirculation Separating Bacteria from Effluent and keeping them in Digester Selecting the appropriate Strain of Bacteria November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

21 Digestion Process Dry Wet Psychrophilic Mesophilic Thermophilic Batch Process Selection Description Dry solids content of > 2540% Dry solids content of < 15% Digestion temperature around o C Digestion temperature between 25 and 40 o C Digestion temperature between 50 and 65 o C Substrate in closed reactor during whole degradation period Advantages Compact, lower energy input, better biogas quality (<80% CH 4 ), maintenance friendly Better mixing possibilities Long process time, very slow rate Longer process time, slower rate Shorter process time, higher degradation, faster rate Suitable for small plants with seasonal substrate supply Disadvantages Restricted mixing possibilities Higher energy input, lager reactor Minimal energy input Low energy input Higher energy input Temperature control Unstable biogas production Continuous Reactor is filled continuously with fresh Constant biomass production through November 07 material IMTE AG Powergen continuous Asia 2007 feeding 21

22 BATCH Technology Choice PLUG FLOW EGSB UASB Exhaust Gas Recirculation Influent November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

23 Technology Choice MS Biowaste BTA Nm 3 /ton Pretreated Waste LINDE Wet Around 100 Nm 3 /ton Electric Power Biogas Outlet Process Heat LINDE Dry around 100 Nm 3 /ton COMPOGAS around 130 Nm 3 /ton November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

24 Technology Choice DRANCO Nm 3 /ton VALORGA Nm 3 /ton Flare Stack Emmissions Electric Power Air Process Heat Gas Engine Geneator & Boiler Nonorganics Nonorganics Digestate Makeup Water Process Heat Emissions Nonorganics Automatic Separator Organic Waste Sludge Mixing Tank Biogas Fermenting Slurry Biogas Buffer Storage Tank Liquid Separation Liquid Ferilizer Gas Pump/ Compressor Solid Fertilizer Compost November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

25 Valorga Technology Up to date, more than 2 million tons of MSW was treated with Valorga process Process designed for treatment of mixed MSW Valorga process plant consists of 5 units 1 MSW Reception and Preparation Unit 2 Anaerobic Digestion Unit 3 Biogas Storage and Treatment Unit 4 Biogas Utilization Unit 5 Compost Curing Unit November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

26 Valorga Technology 1 MSW Reception and Preparation Unit; November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

27 Valorga Technology Flare Stack Emmissions Air Process Heat Gas Engine Geneator & Boiler Electric Power Automatic Separator Organic Waste Nonorganics Nonorganics Sludge Mixing Tank Biogas Fermenting Slurry Biogas Buffer Storage Tank Liquid Separation Liquid Ferilizer Gas Pump/ Compressor Solid Fertilizer Compost November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

28 Valorga Technology 2 Anaerobic Digestion Unit November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

29 Valorga Technology Flare Stack Emmissions Air Process Heat Gas Engine Geneator & Boiler Electric Power Automatic Separator Organic Waste Nonorganics Nonorganics Sludge Mixing Tank Biogas Fermenting Slurry Biogas Buffer Storage Tank Liquid Separation Liquid Ferilizer Gas Pump/ Compressor Solid Fertilizer Compost November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

30 Valorga Technology 3 Biogas Storage and Treatment Unit; November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

31 Valorga Technology Flare Stack Emmissions Air Process Heat Gas Engine Geneator & Boiler Electric Power Automatic Separator Organic Waste Nonorganics Nonorganics Sludge Mixing Tank Biogas Fermenting Slurry Biogas Buffer Storage Tank Liquid Separation Liquid Ferilizer Gas Pump/ Compressor Solid Fertilizer Compost November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

32 Valorga Technology 4 Biogas Utilization Unit November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

33 Valorga Technology Flare Stack Emmissions Air Process Heat Gas Engine Geneator & Boiler Electric Power Automatic Separator Organic Waste Nonorganics Nonorganics Sludge Mixing Tank Biogas Fermenting Slurry Biogas Buffer Storage Tank Liquid Separation Liquid Ferilizer Gas Pump/ Compressor Solid Fertilizer Compost November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

34 Valorga Technology 5 Compost Curing Unit November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

35 Valorga Technology Flare Stack Emmissions Air Process Heat Gas Engine Geneator & Boiler Electric Power Automatic Separator Organic Waste Nonorganics Nonorganics Sludge Mixing Tank Biogas Fermenting Slurry Biogas Buffer Storage Tank Liquid Separation Liquid Ferilizer Gas Pump/ Compressor Solid Fertilizer Compost November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

36 Process Flow Diagram November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

37 Plant Layout November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

38 Plant Layout November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

39 Plant Layout Cross Section November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

40 Process Parameters Value Value Subject Abbreviation Unit Range Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Volatile Solids in OFMSW VS % OFMSW (specific) OFMSWs ton 1 1 OFMSW per day OFMSW D ton/day Makeup Water MUW % Total Solids TS % CH 4 Yield Y Nm 3 /kgvs CH 4 Content C % CH 4 LHV C LHV MJ/ Nm Biogas LHV B LHV MJ/ Nm Hydraulic Retention Time HRT days Digester Loading Rate DLR kgvs/m 3 /d Digester Volume DV m Sludge Density ρ SL ton / m Temperature T ºC ph ph Anticipated Power Production P kw November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

41 Gas EngineGenerator Efficiency η % Power Load Factor PLF % Biogas Specific Production M BG Nm 3 /tonofmsw Bigas Density ρ BG kg/ Nm CH 4 Production M CH4 Nm 3 /tonofmsw Energy Production E MJ/tonOFMS W Engine Fuel Consumption Fc Nm 3 /sec Fuel Consumption per Hour FcH Nm 3 /hour Fuel Consumption per Day FcD Nm 3 /Day 1' Fuel Consumption per Year FcY Nm 3 /Year 334' ' First Digester Filling V MSW m 3 1' Available Biogas Space / Digester DV BG m Available Biogas Space / Digester DV BG% % Biogas Daily Production BP Nm 3 /Day 1' Biogas available for Recirculation BDR Nm 3 /Day Biogas available for Recirculation BDR % % Water Buffer Storage Tank WB ST m Mixing & Diluting Tank RT DT RT days Mixing & Diluting Tank Volume DTv m Outlet Collecting Tank Volume CTv m Biogas Buffer Tank Capacity BBTc hours Biogas Buffer Tank Volume BBTv m

42 Process Medium Flow November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

43 Summary AD improves landfill gas related problems at landfills such as odours and migration of explosive vapours into the soil surrounding the landfill Potential landfill related emissions to air are reduced and green power is generated, offsetting the need to consume fossil fuels to provide an equivalent amount of energy Combustion of CH 4 contained in biogas contributes to significant reductions of GHGs emissions Creation of green energy from biogas makes good use of a MWS that would otherwise be dumped at landfill Generation of electricity provides consumers with a source of environmentally friendly green power Additional revenue may be generated from MSW management fees, sale of electricity and sales of compost material. November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

44 Conclusions The calculated environmental performance of the Pilot Project Facility indicates that annually 280 thousands Nm 3 of CH 4 can be recovered and used for electricity generation. This corresponds to 150 tons of carbon in the form of CH 4. Considering that one ton of carbon as CH 4 is equivalent to 21 tons of carbon as CO 2 the Facility s operation avoids landfill emissions of about 3,150 tons of carbon equivalent. November 07 IMTE AG Powergen Asia

45 Thank you