Potable and Non- Potable Wastewater Reuse. COL. BHASKAR TATWAWADI TUSPL, Mumbai 10 th November 2017

Transcription

1 Potable and Non- Potable Wastewater Reuse COL. BHASKAR TATWAWADI TUSPL, Mumbai 10 th November 2017

2 Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse INTRODUCTION DISCHARGE STANDARDS REUSE / RECYCLE STANDARDS INDUSTRY COMPULSIONS CASE STUDIES MUNICIPAL REUSE CASE STUDIES COST / BENEFITS CONCLUSION

3 Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse Water is a finite resource. Its management is a social responsibility. As engineers it is incumbent upon us to diligently ensure good water use and reuse practices. Water supply is vested with municipal bodies and regulatory industry organizations. Capital cost of water infrastructure is high. O & M cost varies across regions. As freshwater availability from existing sources depletes progressively, reuse of treated wastewater emerges as a practical and viable alternative. Today s AWWA India Conference is the most appropriate forum to deliberate on this vital issue for entire humanity.

4 Sr. No. Parameters Standards as per CPCB, April 2015 Revised by MoEF Gazette Not. Oct ph B.O.D. < 10 mg/l 20 to 30 mg/l Chemical Oxygen < 50 mg /l Demand 3 4 Suspended solids < 10 < 50 to Oil & Grease DISCHARGE PARAMETERS The CPCB enforced the treated wastewater discharge parameters on 25 th April These were revised by MoEF & CC in October 2017 as given in the Table below. 6 Ammonical Nitrogen < 5 mg/l 7 Phosphate < 2 mg/l 8 Total Nitrogen < 10 mg/l 9 Fecal Coliform < 100/ 100 ml < 1000/ 100 ml Note : All units are in mg/l except ph.

5 Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse TREATED WASTEWATER REUSE QUALITY PARAMETERS (MANUAL OF SEWERAGE & SEWAGE TREATMENT, CPHEEO) S. No. Quality Parameter Reuse for Toilet Flushing, Fire Protection, Vehicle Washing, Non-contact Storage, Horticulture /Golf Courses 1 Turbidity (NTU) <2 2 Suspended Solids Nil 3 Total Dissolved Solids <2100 mg/l 4 ph 6.5 to Temp 0 C Ambient 6 Oil & Grease Nil 7 Min. residual Chlorine 1 mg/l 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen <10 mg/l 9 BOD <10 mg/l 10 COD As arising when all other parameters are satisfied. 11 Dissolved Phosphorous <1 mg/l 12 Nitrate Nitrogen <10 mg/l 13 Fecal Coliform Nil 14 Helminthic Eggs As arising when all other parameters are satisfied. 15 Colour Colourless 16 Odour Asceptic and no foul odour.

6 Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse Reuse of treated wastewater has been the practice in industries across sectors due to the following compulsions Limited supply Expansion plans without additional water High / unsubsidized water cost Availability of ample wastewater generated within premises Cost of treatment before disposal and - Marginal incremental cost of treatment for reuse and recycle, overall economy. No dependence on external water sources

7 Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse Industries generating polluting effluents have switched over to recycle & reuse. Petroleum refining Textiles processing Iron and Steel Automotive In the last decade the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) policy of PCBs has forced other sectors to ensure complete assimilation of treated effluents within their own premises. Some case studies follow.

8 CASE STUDIES INDUSTRIAL REUSE : TEXTILES & AUTO ABHISHEK INDUSTRIES, BARNALA, 2004 WELSPUN GROUP, ANJAR, 2004 ALOK INDUSTRIES, VAPI, 2005 HIMMATSINHGKA SIEDE LTD., HASSAN, 2007 BOMBAY DYEING, RANJANGAON, 2008 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA, NASHIK, 2008 TRIDENT GROUP, BUDHNI, 2010

9 TEXTILE EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY & RO S. No. Parameter Raw Effluent Post Post RO Secondary 1 ph Temperature C 35 0 C Ambient 3 Suspended solids Nil 4 BOD Nil 5 COD Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Nil 7 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 20 8 Nil 8 Phosphorous 10 5 Nil 9 Surfactants 40 2 Nil 10 Chlorides Sulphates Oil and Fats 25 5 Nil 13 Phenols Nil 14 Colour on Pt-Coscale Colourless 15 Odour Strong low Odourless

10 ABHISHEK, BARNALA, 3.5 MLD, Textiles, 2004

11 WELSPUN ANJAR, 5 MLD, Textiles, 2004

12 ALOK VAPI, 10 MLD, Textiles, 2005

13 HIMMETSINGHKA S. L. HASSAN, 5 MLD, Textiles, 2006

14 BOMBAY DYEING RANJANGAON, 6 MLD, Textiles, 2008

15 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA NASHIK, 1.5 MLD, Auto, 2008

16 TRIDENT BUDHNI, 15 MLD, Textiles, 2010

17 PDA LUDHIANA, 110 MLD, Textiles, 2012

18 CASE STUDIES TREATED MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER (SEWAGE) RECYCLE SIPCOT, KOYAMBEDU STP, CHENNAI - 65 MLD, 2009 RCF TROMBAY, STP, MUMBAI - 23 MLD, 2012 HZL, STP, UDAIPUR, - 20 MLD, 2014 NMMC, STP, NAVI MUMBAI - 42 MLD, 2016 PCMC, STP, PIMPRI, PUNE - 42 MLD, 2016 KEMPEGOWDA LAYOUT MLD 2016

19 SIPCOT, KOYAMBEDU CHENNAI, 65 MLD, 2009

20 RCF TROMBAY, 23 MLD, 2012

21 HZL UDAIPUR, 20 MLD, 2013

22 NAVI MUMBAI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, 42 MLD, 2016

23 PIMPRI CHINCHWAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, 42 MLD, 2016

24 LOCATIONS OF EFFLUENT & SEWAGE RECYCLE PLANTS IN INDIA

25 COST - BENEFITS CAPITAL COST in INR (Million) Fresh water supply scheme cost Surya, 400 MLD: SWRO Scheme Chennai, Minjur 100 MLD (2008) : NMMC Recycle Project 40 MLD, 2017 : OPERATING & MAINTENANCE COST Surya Project : 10 / year / MLD SWRO Chennai NMMC Recycle Project : Not available, PPP project : / year / MLD

26 Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse These case studies represent a small fraction of the total wastewater generated, treated and reused. The potential for recycle in India is huge. The advantages are obvious. The capital and O & M Cost for recycled water is much lower than fresh water source based green-field water supply schemes. Water treated with UF & MBR may be used to restore the freshwater sources. It may then be used for treated municipal water supply. RO treated water is ultra-pure and better in quality than municipal water. This may be used for drinking and domestic use..

27 CONCLUSION The concept of reuse and recycle of treated wastewater is old. Industries have benefitted with recycle strategies. Recently Maharashtra State has decided that MIDC estates and power generation plants shall use recycled municipal wastewater (2 nd Nov. 2017). The municipal sector in India has now joined the recycle revolution. This is an emerging market for process and technology providers. As the treatment cost reduces, more and more ULBs will come forward to implement recycle projects. AWWA India must convene a cell to focus on this aspect and become a global leader and torch bearer for water recycle and reuse.

28 THANK YOU!