Appendix E: Air Quality Tables

Transcription

1 Appendix E: Air Quality Tables

2 The following tables are provided in support of Section 3.2 of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Table 1. National and Washington State Ambient Air Quality Standards Federal Pollutant Primary Secondary Carbon monoxide (CO) State 8-hour average a 1-hour average a 9 ppm 35 ppm 9 ppm 35 ppm Ozone 8-hour average b ppm ppm ppm Total suspended particles (TSP) 24-hour average c 60 µg/m µg/m 3 Particulate matter (PM) PM10 24-hour average c 150 µg/m µg/m µg/m 3 Particulate matter (PM) PM hour average d 15 µg/m 3 35 µg/m 3 15 µg/m 3 35 µg/m 3 15 µg/m 3 35 µg/m 3 Lead Quarterly average 1.5 µg/m µg/m µg/m 3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 24-hour average a 3-hour average a 1-hour average e 0.03 ppm 0.14 ppm 0.50 ppm 0.02 ppm 0.10 ppm 0.40 ppm Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1-hour average f ppm ppm ppm 0.05 ppm ppm = parts per million; µg/m 3 = micrograms per cubic meter Note: Annual standards are never to be exceeded. Short-term standards are not to be exceeded more than once per year unless noted. a Not to be exceeded once per year. b To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed ppm (effective May 27, 2008). c Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years. d To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 35 µg/m 3. e 0.25 ppm are not to be exceeded more than two times in 7 consecutive days. f To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour average at each monitor within an area must not exceed ppm. Source: WAC Appendix E 2 November 2015

3 Table 2. Potential GHG Reduction Mitigation Measures Reduction Measures Comments Site Design Retain and enhance vegetated open spaces. Retains or increases sequestration by plants. Plant trees and vegetation near structures to shade buildings. Minimize building footprint. Design water efficient landscaping. Minimize energy use through building orientation. Building Design and Operations Apply LEED standards (or equivalent) for design and operations. Purchase Energy Star equipment and appliances for public agency use. Incorporate onsite renewable energy production, including installation of photovoltaic cells or other solar options. Design street lights to use energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures. Construct green roofs and use high-albedo roofing materials. Install high-efficiency HVAC systems. Eliminate or reduce use of refrigerants in HVAC systems. Maximize interior day lighting through floor plates, increased building perimeter and use of skylights, clerestories, and light wells. Incorporate energy efficiency technology such as super insulation motion sensors for lighting and climate-controlefficient, directed exterior lighting. Use water-conserving fixtures that surpass building code requirements. Reuse gray water and/or collect and reuse rainwater. Use recycled building materials and products. Use building materials that are extracted and/or manufactured within the region. Use rapidly renewable building materials. Conduct third-party building commissioning to ensure energy performance. Track energy performance of building and develop strategy to maintain efficiency. electricity, and enhances carbon sinks. electricity consumption, materials used, maintenance, land disturbance, and direct construction emissions. Minimizes water consumption, purchased energy, and upstream emissions from water management. electricity Reduces onsite fuel combustion emissions and offsite/indirect purchased electricity, water use, waste disposal. electricity electricity Reduces purchased electricity. electricity Minimizes fuel combustion and purchased electricity Reduces fugitive emissions. Compare refrigerant usage before/after to determine GHG emission reduction. Increases natural/day lighting initiatives and reduces purchased electrical energy Reduces fuel combustion and purchased electricity Reduces water Reduces water consumption with its indirect upstream electricity requirements. Reduces extraction of purchased materials, possibly reduces transportation of materials, encourages recycling and reduction of solid waste disposal. Reduces transportation of purchased materials. Reduces emissions from extraction of purchased materials. Reduces fuel combustion and purchased electricity Reduces fuel combustion and purchased electricity Appendix E 3 November 2015

4 Reduction Measures Comments Transportation Size parking capacity to not exceed local parking requirements and, where possible, seek reductions in parking supply through special permits or waivers or county-specific parking standards or incentives. Develop and implement a marketing/information program that includes posting and distribution of ridesharing/transit information. Subsidize transit passes. Reduce employee trips during peak periods through alternative work schedules, telecommuting, and/or flex time. Provide a guaranteed-ride-home program. Provide bicycle storage and showers/changing rooms. Reduced parking discourages auto-dependent travel, encouraging alternative modes such as transit, walking, and biking. Reduces direct and indirect VMT. Reduces direct and indirect VMT. Reduces employee VMT. Reduces employee VMT. Use traffic signalization and coordination to improve traffic flow and support pedestrian and bicycle safety. Reduces transportation emissions and VMT. Apply advanced technology systems and management strategies to improve operational efficiency of local streets. Develop shuttle systems around business district parking garages to reduce congestion and create shorter commutes. Reduces emissions from transportation by minimizing idling and maximizing transportation routes/systems for fuel efficiency. Reduces idling fuel emissions and direct and indirect VMT. LEED = Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design; HVAC = heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning Source: (Washington State Department of Ecology, 2008) Appendix E 4 November 2015

5 Table 3. SMAQMD Recommended Measures for Land Use Emission Reductions Measure Number Title Description Bicycle/Pedestrian/Transit Measures 1 Bike parking Non-residential projects provide plentiful short-term and long-term bicycle parking facilities to meet peak season maximum demand. 2 End of trip facilities Non-residential projects provide end-of-trip facilities including showers, lockers, and changing space. Mitigation Points 3 Bike parking at multiunit residential 4 Proximity to bike path/bike lanes Long-term bicycle parking is provided at apartment complexes or condominiums without garages. Entire project is located within 1/2 mile of an existing Class I or Class II bike lane and project design includes a comparable network that connects the project uses to the existing offsite facility. 5 Pedestrian network The project provides a pedestrian access network that internally links all uses and connects to all existing or planned external streets and pedestrian facilities contiguous with the project site Pedestrian barriers minimized Site design and building placement minimize barriers to pedestrian access and interconnectivity. Physical barriers such as walls, berms, landscaping, and slopes between residential and non-residential uses that impede bicycle or pedestrian circulation are eliminated Bus shelter for existing transit service Bus or Streetcar service provides headways of one hour or less for stops within 1/4 mile; project provides safe and convenient bicycle/pedestrian access to transit stop(s) and provides essential transit stop improvements (i.e., shelters, route information, benches, and lighting) Bus shelter for planned transit service Project provides transit stops with safe and convenient bicycle/pedestrian access. Project provides essential transit stop improvements (i.e., shelters, route information, benches, and lighting) in anticipation of future transit service Traffic calming Project design includes pedestrian/bicycle safety and traffic calming measures in excess of jurisdiction requirements. Roadways are designed to reduce motor vehicle speeds and encourage pedestrian and bicycle trips by featuring traffic calming features Parking Measures 10a Paid parking Employee and/or customer paid parking system b Parking cash out Employer provides employees with a choice of forgoing subsidized parking for a cash payment equivalent to the cost of the parking space to the employer Minimum parking Provide minimum amount of parking required. Special review of parking required Parking reduction beyond code Provide parking reduction less than code. Special review of parking required. Recommend a Shared Parking strategy Appendix E 5 November 2015

6 Measure Number Title Description Mitigation Points 13 Pedestrian pathway through parking Provide a parking lot design that includes clearly marked and shaded pedestrian pathways between transit facilities and building entrances Off street parking Parking facilities are not adjacent to street frontage Site Design Measures 15 Office/Mixed-use density Project provides high density office or mixed-use proximate to transit Orientation to existing transit, bikeway, or pedestrian corridor Project is oriented towards existing transit, bicycle, or pedestrian corridor. Setback distance is minimized Orientation toward planned transit, bikeway, or pedestrian corridor Project is oriented towards planned transit, bicycle, or pedestrian corridor. Setback distance is minimized Residential density Project provides high-density residential development Street grid Multiple and direct street routing (grid style) Neighborhood electric vehicle access Make physical development consistent with requirements for neighborhood electric vehicles Affordable housing component Residential development projects of 5 or more dwelling units provide a deedrestricted low-income housing component onsite (as defined in Ch of Sacramento County Ordinance Code) [Developers who pay into In-Lieu Fee Programs are not considered eligible to receive credit for this measure] Mixed-use Measures 22 Urban mixed-use Development of projects predominantly characterized by properties on which various uses, such as office, commercial, institutional, and residential, are combined in a single building or on a single site in an integrated development project with functional interrelationships and a coherent physical design. 23 Suburban mixed-use Have at least three of the following on site and/or offsite within ¼ mile: Residential Development, Retail Development, Park, Open Space, or Office Other mixed-use All residential units are within ¼ mile of parks, schools or other civic uses. 1.0 Building Component Measures 25 No fireplace Project does not feature fireplaces or wood burning stoves Reserved for future measure 27 Energy Star roof Install Energy Star labeled roof materials Appendix E 6 November 2015

7 Measure Number Title Description Mitigation Points 28 Onsite renewable energy system Project provides onsite renewable energy system(s) Solar orientation Orient 75 or more percent of homes and/or buildings to face either north or south (within 30 degrees of N/S). 31 Non-roof surfaces Provide shade (within 5 years) and/or use light-colored/high-albedo materials (reflectance of at least 0.3) and/or open grid pavement for at least 30 percent of the site's non-roof impervious surfaces, including parking lots, walkways, plazas, etc.; OR place a minimum of 50 percent of parking spaces underground or covered by structured parking; OR use an open-grid pavement system (less than 50 percent impervious) for a minimum of 50 percent of the parking lot area. Unshaded parking lot areas, driveways, fire lanes, and other paved areas have a minimum albedo of.3 or greater Green roof Install a vegetated roof that covers at least 50 percent of roof area. 0.5 TDM and Miscellaneous Measures 33 Transportation Management Association membership Include permanent TMA membership and funding requirement. Funding to be provided by Community Facilities District or Kitsap County Service Area or other non-revocable funding mechanism Electric lawnmower Provide a complimentary electric lawnmower to each residential buyer Other Other proposed strategies, in consultation with project lead agency and SMAQMD. To Be Determined Source: ( Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, 2015) Appendix E 7 November 2015