A Virtual Network of Ocean Parks and Marine Spatial Planning. Sarah Allen Pacific West Region. Sarah Allen. Pacific West Region

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1 Oceans and Coastal Program of the A Virtual Network of Ocean Parks and Marine Spatial Planning National Park Service Sarah Allen Pacific West Region Sarah Allen Pacific West Region Contact: (510) sarah_allen@nps.gov Contact: (510) sarah_allen@nps.gov Galen Leeds

2 We have treated oceans as a supermarket or a sewer Dr. Sylvia Earle Over fishing 90% of predatory fish populations have collapsed Shift to simple, slimy food webs Pollution chemical, pathogen and plastic pollution have created dead zones, toxic beaches, gyres of garbage Development > 90 % of wetlands in SF Bay have been lost Globally < 0.1% of the oceans are fully protected marine reserves Shifting baselines Each generation has a different perception of what has changed (Pauley et al. 1998)

3 Outline Evolution of Ocean Policy National and Regional Ocean Programs SFAN and the virtual ocean park network Galen Leeds

4 Authorities & Evolution Ocean Park System Presidential Proclamation (Antiquities Act Monuments) NPS established by Congress (NPS Organic Act- 1916) First: Cabrillo NM, San Diego, California in 1913 Ten National Seashores established in the 1960s Most recent: Port Chicago NHS, San Francisco Bay in 2009

5 Recent National Ocean Policy 1998 Coral Reef Initiative Executive Order Federal policy to protect and monitor coral reefs Turning to the Sea report. Federal policy to explore, protect, and sustain oceans in the new millennium Executive Order creating a national system of marine protected areas and a national MPA center Executive Order established Committee on Ocean Policy NPS created Ocean Park Stewardship Plan Executive Order on Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes

6 2010 Ocean Stewardship National Priority Objectives 1. Adopt ecosystem-based management 2. Implement Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning 3. Inform Decisions and Improve Understanding of oceans and coasts 4. Coordinate and Support Federal, State, tribal, local, and regional management of the ocean, our coasts, and the Great Lakes. 5. Strengthen Resiliency and Adaptation to Climate Change 6. Establish a Regional Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Strategy 7. Enhance Water Quality and Sustainable Practices on Land 8. Address Changing Conditions in the Arctic in face of Climate Change 9. Strengthen Ocean, Coastal, and Great Lakes Observing and Mapping

7 Ecosystem-based management U.S. ocean and coastal resources should be managed to reflect the relationships among all ecosystem components, including human and nonhuman species and the environments in which they live. Applying this principle will require defining relevant geographic management areas based on ecosystem, rather than political, boundaries."

8 Coastal and marine spatial planning "CMSP is a comprehensive, adaptive, integrated, and transparent spatial planning process, based on sound science, for analyzing current and anticipated uses of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes areas. CMSP identifies areas most suitable for various types or classes of activities in order to reduce conflicts among uses, reduce environmental impacts, facilitate compatible uses, and preserve critical ecosystem services to meet economic, environmental, security, and social objectives. In practical terms, CMSP provides a public policy process to better determine how the ocean, coasts, and Great Lakes are sustainably used and protected now and for future generations." (page 41)

9 Regional Program Pacific West Region 24 Ocean Parks (12 with submerged acres) 2 million upland and submerged 700 miles of shoreline A transect through space of diverse ecosystems A transect through time of cultural resources

10 NPS Pacific Ocean Parks Stewardship Plan (PWR and AK) Establish a seamless system of ocean parks, sanctuaries, refuges and reserves Discover, map, and protect ocean parks Strengthen partnerships with NOAA, USGS, states, academia and stakeholders Engage the public in ocean park stewardship

11 Seamless Network Nationally Partner with other agencies (i.e. National Marine Protected Area Center) Promote National Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Cooperate in law enforcement with Marine Sanctuaries, state agencies National voice for ocean stewardship Coordinate with other initiatives (i.e. climate change) IOOS CODAR

12 Seamless Network Regionally Explore and inventory ocean resources Map marine habitats Monitor ecosystem condition Restore ecosystems and species Communicate to public the value of ocean stewardship

13 What does this mean to parks of the coastal Pacific? California Current is one of most biologically diverse ecosystems in the world The CC virtual network of parks - transect from north to south with 9 ocean parks from SAJU to CABR

14 Central California Network of Protected areas 27 Cordell Bank NMS 28 Point Reyes NS 29 Gulf of the Farallones 30 Farallones NWR 31 Golden Gate NRA 32 Marin Is. NWR 33 San Pablo Bay NWR 34 Don Edwards NWR 35 Monterey Bay NMS 36 Elkhorn Slough

15 Inventories in Common Benthic maps USGS/universities - many parks ACOE -LiDAR maps of coastal shoreline Biological inventories I&M program (biological resources database NPSpecies) Misc. park specific inventories Invasive species early warning Examples : spartina, sargassum

16 LiDAR Data Waterfront of San Francisco Bay Image provided by Ellen Hines, SFSU 2010 Collaboration with USGS, SFSU

17 Monitoring in Common NCCN KLMN SFAN MEDN Water/marine X/X X X X/X Intertidal X X X X Kelp Forest X Beaches O O X Marine fish O O X Salmonids X O X O Seabirds/shorebird O O O X Pinnipeds O O X/O X IOOS-CODAR O O O X O I&M program Other

18 MARINe coastal intertidal monitoring by UCSC Monitoring in a seamless network Annual % cover of Mytilus Darker color is higher %

19 Monitoring to inform ecosystem restoration strategies NPS participated with California State under the Marine Life Protection Act to create a network of marine protected areas throughout California

20 Monitoring to measure change in marine ecosystems CDFG, universities &NPS collaborate to monitor fish ROV survey tracklines and fish detected at PORE 2009

21 Percent frequency California sheephead are larger in the Anacapa reserve 30 CA sheephead (Anacapa) *** Old=New>Non Old Reserve New Reserve Non-reserve TL (cm) Because bigger fish produce exponentially more eggs, potential egg production is approximately 3.5x higher inside reserves. Olive rockfish Sheephead Kelp rockfish Kelp bass Egg Production Reserve : non-reserve ratio

22 Monitoring to understand and adapt to Climate Change Current study by USGS using benthic data, shoreline data and other data to create a hazards map of areas at risk has been done for parts of MEDN

23 Science Communication Pacific Ocean Education Team (POET) in NPS Blog Oceans and climate change podcast series - interviews with local experts media_soundslides_natlab_whiteshark/shark.html Audio Slideshows Websites with Data

24 NPS Strategy for Ocean Stewardship KNOW & understand marine resources PROTECT resources & ecosystems RESTORE impaired ecosystems CONNECT people with oceans through a network of parks of the California Current

25 Acknowledgments Park Resource Managers Melissa Wilson, UCSC MARINe program Ellen Hines, SFSU Patrick Banard, USGS Numerous photographers who shared their images Dale Roberts Galen Leeds

26 Major issues most ocean parks share Water quality Endangered Species Extraction of resources - fish Invasive species Global climate change SST, SLR OA (Halpern et al. 2008)

27 Coastal Biophysical Inventory

28 If human stewardship has been lax on land, it has been even worse in the sea. National Park Advisory Board, 2001, Rethinking the National Parks for the 21 st Century

29 Challenges to Seamless Network Inherent challenges working with partners different mission and legislative authorities cultural differences between partners funding sources Jurisdiction cross boundary activities require agreements Education and outreach and science communication different language

30 Other Research Needs Coastal biophysical inventories throughout Pacific Currents and structuring forces (e.g. waves) in the ocean Integrated watershed info on stream and groundwater input into coastal areas Flux of sand and sand provenance on beaches Methods to detect marine invasive species Better ways to measure fish/invertebrate extraction and stock assessments within parks

31 Ocean and Coastal Observing and Mapping Subtidal mapping of SF Bay mouth Image from Patrick Barnard, USGS

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