Tripartite Meeting on Sustainable Urbanization for Poverty Eradication

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1 Tripartite Meeting on Sustainable Urbanization for Poverty Eradication Side Event on the Lake Tanganyika Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Management Programme (LT-WATSAN) Kigali, Rwanda September 4, 2013 OVERVIEW OF LT-WATSAN Presentation by Urban Basic Services Branch, UN-HABITAT

2 Small Towns The Context Defined as Urban centres with population typically between 10,000 and 500,000 persons They are commercial/marketing centres with large daytime/market day population figures They have features that are both urban and rural which presents challenges in service delivery Their evolution is often more spontaneous and ad-hoc rather than planned and they are growing rapidly with urbanization trends that exceed national averages

3 REQUEST BY COMESA TO UN-HABITAT TO FACILITATE A WATSAN PROGRAM IN LAKE TANGANYIKA REGION Following the successful implementation of the LVWATSAN programme in the Lake Victoria Basin, COMESA requested early 2011 UN-HABITAT to formulate a similar programme in the Lake Tanganyika Basin. The following targets were agreed: Identification of small urban centres in the 5 countries bordering Lake Tanganyika (Burundi, DRC Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia), which would meet the set objectives. Development Objectives: Improve water and environmental sanitation while building capacity in governance, urban planning, climate change adaptation and environmental management through a regional approach. Use the project as an entry point to promote social and economic stability, to support economic and trade expansion, and regional integration. Establish partnerships with the LTA and national governments (Min. of Water, Min. of Health, Min. of Environment, Min. of Local Government, etc)

4 OVERVIEW OF LAKE TANGANYIKA The 2 nd deepest and 2 nd largest lake in the world by volume starting to show signs of environmental stress Known for its rich biodiversity An essential transportation link for the riparian countries Located in a region that is slowly recovering from long years of conflict Although the region is rich in natural resources, the riparian countries are among the poorest in the world. DR Congo Lake Tanganyika Tanzania Zambia

5 FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (1) Initial consultations were held with LTA on a Lake Tanganyika water program(2010) UN-Habitat made available a budget for preparation (May 2011) Identification of potential towns (July 2011)

6 FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (2) Meeting was held with Delegates of the 5 Countries to discuss selection and confirmation requested Rapid Appraisals were carried out in the period August Sept 2011 Formulation of Project Identification Fiche ( PIF ) - September 2011

7 FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (3) Preparation of Country Packages (Oct-Nov 2011) Confirmation of selected towns with national governments (Jan 2012) Detailed Field Appraisals carried out (Jan Feb 2012) Draft MoU prepared between LTA and UN- Habitat

8 SELECTED TOWNS During August-September 2011, an initial appraisal study was carried out in the pre-selected 15 towns by UN-Habitat in close coordination with the five Governments: Burundi Rumonge, Nyanza-Lac and Gatumba DR Congo: Kalemie, Moba, Uvira and Kiliba Tanzania Kigoma, Kasulu, Mpanda, Namanyere Rwanda Rusizi and Rubavu Zambia Mbala and Mpulungu

9 FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (4) Preparation of Action Fiche with IRCC/COMESA - Feb IDENTIFICATION Title/Number ACTION FICHE LAKE TANGANYIKA WATER, SANITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT. Total cost EUR 45 MILLION EU/EDF contribution:36 MILLION Contribution of the beneficiary countries (parallel cofinancing):eur 9 MILLION Method of implementation DAC-code JOINT MANAGEMENT : CONTRACTING AUTHORITY and COMESA IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT: COMESA and UN-HABITAT Sector 2. RATIONALE 2.1. Sector context policies and strategies Regional Organisations The five Regional Organisations in the Lake Tanganyika Region, COMESA, Lake Tanganyika Authority (LTA), East Africa Community (EAC), Great Lakes Initiative Conference (GLIC), and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) all have mandates and strategies for promoting socio-economic development and improving the sustainable management of natural resources. COMESA s overall strategy includes a focus on coordinating joint action on transboundary environmental conservation, as well as promoting programmes which can help to overcome infrastructural bottlenecks to trade and investment. COMESA also attaches importance to programmes which can strengthen the capacity of women to play a more active role as economic actors. The member states of the EAC have adopted a Protocol on the environment and natural resources management. The GLIC is charged with the coordination of a number of regional programmes aimed at achieving peace and stability in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. These programmes include natural resources management, regional integration and economic development. Regional projects which involve member countries of COMESA, EAC and SADC, (such as the proposed Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and Environmental Management Project) have been identified as an effective operational mechanism to further strengthen the collaboration between these organizations Partner Governments Water supply, sanitation and environmental management are key components of the national development strategies of the 5 countries which share the Lake Tanganyika Basin. Burundi and DRC are in the process of developing a water and sanitation sector reform, with the support of GIZ. Tanzania, Rwanda and Zambia have existing water and sanitation reforms, and have developed strategies and action plans for investment for rural and urban areas. Considerable work still needs to be done in terms of formulation and enforcement of comprehensive policies with regard to terrestrial and lacustrine environmental conservation. In all the countries, however, there exist functional frameworks for investments in the water, sanitation and solid waste management. Building and strengthening the capacity of Member States is one of the

10 FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (5) Application to EU for funding under EDF-10 was submitted (March 2012) Concept Note prepared requesting co-funding from GEF / UNEP (Jun- July 2012) CONCEPT NOTE Submitted by UN-Habitat in partnership with Lake Tanganyika Authority Strengthening of the Environmental Component of the Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and Environmental Management Project Request for additional funding from GEF Trust Fund to meet Targets of the Strategic Components as formulated in the updated Strategic Action Programme (SAP) for the Protection of Biodiversity and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Lake Tanganyika and its Basin prepared by the Lake Tanganyika Authority Secretariat (LTAS). The Strategic Action Programme (SAP) is a negotiated policy document that identifies actions in terms of policy, legal and institutional reforms and investments needed to address priority transboundary problems. The SAP defines national priorities within a regional framework, as there are incremental benefits to shared international water resources and global biodiversity. The SAP document produced by the Lake Tanganyika Authority Secretariat was funded by UNDP/GEF project. Today, LTAS is facilitating the development of National Action Plans which contain the concrete activities to be implemented in each country Six main Environmental Quality Objectives have been formulated in the SAP that are aimed to be achieved by For each objective, the SAP presents a set of specific targets that are subsequently broken down into a set of strategic actions. Table 1. Environmental Quality Objectives of the SAP Environmental Quality Objective Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as human societies are sufficiently resilient to adapt to the impacts of climate change and variability Fish stocks are healthy and adequately managed to sustain future exploitation Erosion and sedimentation rates are reduced through sustainable land management practises Critical habitats are protected, restored, and managed for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use Targets Enhanced resilience of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems Increased preparedness and capacity to adapt to climate change impact Improved knowledge-base, monitoring and information-management mechanisms Reduced fishing pressure in the pelagic zone Reduced fishing pressure in the littoral zone Ornamental fisheries controlled and managed Sustainable agriculture activities increased Deforestation rates decreased Sustainable land management strategies in place Protected area resource management improved Critical aquatic and terrestrial habitats protected, restored and managed

11 FORMULATION PROCESS OF LT-WATSAN (6) Preparation of Bankable Feasibility Study Nov- Dec 2012 Discussions with AfDB concerning possible funding (March 2013) Numerous attempts to organise a High-Level Ministerial Meeting (Nov. 2012, March, May, June, July 2013) Lake Tanganyika Water, Sanitation and Environmental Management Project Feasibility Study Report Volume I Main Report November 2012 United Nations Human Settlements Programme P.O Box 30030, GPO Nairobi, 00100, Kenya Telephone: Website: www. unhabitat.org

12 Feasible Reliable Sustainable Affordable Pro-poor focus Regionally accepted Appropriate to end user Environment ally positive Attainable goals Adapted to climate change LT-WATSAN PROGRAMME STRATEGIES Elements Regional Program design Regional urban dialogue Capacity development in regional bodies Regional urban planning Regional watsan database Regional climate change adaptation planning Regional networking and collaboration Design Horizon: 2017: 2027: 2037: Immediate Phase Medium term Long term Components: Water supply: Reliable & Affordable Sanitation: On-site & Sewered (long-term) SWM: Removal management/recycling Drainage: Sustainable Urban Drainage/IWRM Local economic development: with UNIDO Urban planning: Capacity building & plans Environment: Urban catchment management Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation TCB: Regional, National and Town level Financing: Phased-Planning > Immediate > Designs > Long term actions

13 MAIN FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL (1) Massive post-conflict unplanned urbanization Weak capacity of service providers and municipal authorities facing large and mounting problems; Widespread poverty and large groups of vulnerable persons

14 MAIN FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL (2) Widespread poverty and large groups of vulnerable persons Very limited access to basic urban services, especially water and sanitation and solid waste management Old CWP in Ujiji (TZ)

15 MAIN FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL (3) Growing environmental deterioration in urban centres and the Lake Increasing impacts of Climate Change visible. Kalemie DRC

16 OTHER FINDINGS OF THE APPRAISAL Towns in Burundi and DRC have suffered the ravages of civil war while those in Tanzania and Zambia received a massive influx of refugees. Burundi has to accommodate large numbers of returnees. All towns have grown tremendously and the existing infrastructure cannot cope. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation varies between 5% and 30% None of the towns have a functional solid waste management system.

17 HOW CAN LT-WATSAN ADDRESS THESE PROBLEMS? Delivery of water and sanitation services provides an ideal entry point to address a broad range of developmental issues; The Programme is designed to address service provision, institutional development, social stability, skills training and local economic development for the extreme poor and vulnerable, as well as environmental management and pollution control; Through a regional approach, the Programme will forge regional networks and a shared awareness of the Lake as a regional public good, and provide twinning with LVWATSAN.

18 LT-WATSAN: PROPOSED AREAS OF IMPLEMENTATION (1) Improving living conditions by expanding the delivery of water supply, sanitation and other basic services, with special emphasis on the needs of the poor and marginalized groups;

19 LT-WATSAN: PROPOSED AREAS OF IMPLEMENTATION (2) Reduced environmental degradation by promoting energy efficiency in service provision, the expanded use of energy from waste, waste recycling and more effective approaches to urban catchment management; Pro-poor approaches to service delivery and community empowerment through capacity building and local economic development; Climate Change Adaptation strategy prepared and mitigation measures developed

20 LT-WATSAN: PROPOSED AREAS OF IMPLEMENTATION (2) Pollution control in the Lake Tanganyika catchment through improved environmental sanitation, and waste management; Improving governance and urban management by strengthening the capacity of municipal authorities and service providers; Promoting sustainable management of land and other natural resources through urban planning; Strengthening regional cooperation by establishing collaborative networks among local authorities and water and sewerage utilities; and Formulating a long term urban infrastructure and institutional development plan in water, sanitation and environmental management

21 PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION MODEL FOR LT-WATSAN Design and implement a First Phase in the 15 Towns focusing on Quick Impact Interventions to rehabilitate and expand infrastructure to increase access to services in 3 years. A comprehensive programme of institutional development and capacity building to include measures to promote stronger municipal governance, gender parity and social stability; Skills training and capacity enhancement for the poor and disadvantaged including returning refugees, women and youth ; Local Economic Development programme, to stimulate local economic activities and promote investment; Assistance in participatory urban planning; Technical assistance to the LTA to enable the LTA to design and mobilize funding for a long term programme of water, sanitation and environmental management (including preparation of a long term investment programme)

22 LT-WATSAN Management Structure

23 SUMMARY BUDGET FOR SHORT-TERM (2017) DEVELOPMENT ( 000 USD) Component Burundi DR Congo Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Scheme Total Water 1,298 1, ,535 1,209 6,733 Sanitation 935 1, , ,226 Solid Waste ,470 Other ST Interventions 814 3, ,711 1,336 9,682 Local Econ Dev (UNIDO) Consultancy Costs ,329 Project Sub-total 3,904 8,223 3,021 8,913 4,144 28,205 Institutional Capacity Building ,225 PMU ,260 Programme Coordination ,000 Scheme Sub-total 5,401 10,219 4,019 10,909 5,142 35,690 Contingency (10%) 540 1, , ,569 SCHEME TOTAL 5,941 11,241 4,421 12,000 5,656 39,259

24 SUMMARY BUDGET FOR MEDIUM TERM (2027) DEVELOPMENT ( 000 USD) Component Burundi DR Congo Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Scheme Total Water 3,104 26,719 4,064 9,296 6,742 49,924 Sanitation 1,217 8,863 1,854 11,940 4,249 28,122 Solid Waste ,912 Other ST Interventions 2,443 16,067 1,789 12,248 4,078 36,624 Local Econ Dev (UNIDO) Consultancy Costs 650 4, ,107 1,392 10,609 Project Sub-total 7,866 57,348 8,792 37,626 16, ,493 Institutional Capacity Building ,875 PMU ,156 Programme Coordination ,000 Scheme Sub-total 9,041 58,984 9,558 39,262 17, ,524 Contingency (10%) 904 5, ,926 1,768 13,452 SCHEME TOTAL 9,945 64,883 10,513 43,188 19, ,976

25 Financial and Economic Analysis In the Feasibility Report a financial and economic analysis was carried out: For the proposed water supply systems the objectives were to: Appraise whether the proposed investment is financially viable and economically feasible; For the proposed sanitation interventions The viability of the proposed investment was analysed in terms of the benefit/cost ratio The Analysis concluded that the Proposed Project is Feasible but should include measures to reform tariffs subject to willingness to pay and affordability

26 Economic and Financial Analysis: Example Conclusions from the Financial and Economic Analysis for Sanitation

27 LT-WATSAN : SELECTED PICTURES FROM THE RAPID APPRAISAL T