Astimar Abdul Aziz, Anis Mokhtar, Loh Soh Kheang, Lim Weng Soon and Choo Yuen May

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1 Astimar Abdul Aziz, Anis Mokhtar, Loh Soh Kheang, Lim Weng Soon and Choo Yuen May All room services chargeable to MPOB Introduction Current status of biomass utilization Commercialization status Potential high value added products Issues of Oil Palm Utilization Oil Palm Biomass Management Conclusion

2 DISTRIBUTION OF OIL PALM BIOMASS No. Biomass Amount (dry weight) 1. OPF (from pruning activity) OPF (from replanting activity) million tonnes 3.28 million tonnes 2. OPT (~5% replanting rate) 33,299,000 trunks 17.5 million tonnes 3. From the 415 palm oil mills operating at total capacity of million tonnes of FFB, ~ Estimated EFB = 22% x 92 million tonnes million tonnes 4. Mesocarp fibers 7.73 million tonnes 5. Palm kernel shells 4.46 million tonnes 6. POME generated from per tone of FFB is about 67%. 62 million tonnes ** ** (million M 3 )

3 Current applications: Normal composting and application in the oil palm plantation (Source: Sime Darby Plantation) Mulching Mat OPT being shredded and use for land application, act as natural fertilizer to the soil

4 Continued Current applications: (i) Shredded EFB fibers (~40% mc), suitable for bio-energy and bio-composite (i) Cleaned EBF fibers (~10% mc), suitable for exports, mattresses filler and wood plastic composite. (Source: Synn Palm Oil Mill) Status of Commercialization Automotive Component Dampening sheet: Up to 25% blending of biomass, comply with the international standards (ES-X 62223/6 Mitsubishi Motor Corporation Test Standard) for automotive industry Industry: Base Components Sdn. Bhd.

5 Continued.Status of Commercialization Commercialization R& D on the production of particleboard and Eco-pallet from oil palm Biomass Industry: Isotop Sdn. Bhd. Continued.Status of Commercialization STATUS: Commercialized. Huge capital investment Issues on competitiveness Issues waste water

6 Continued.Status of Commercialization School Furniture (Oil Oil Palm Plywood Palm Lumber) Potential products from OPT: Palm plywood has been commercialized. Palm lumber for furniture, with specific drying and chemical treatment has been commercialized MDF from OPT has shown great interest from the industry player. Charcoal and Activated Carbon from oil palm biomass: Carbonization for charcoal Activation for activated carbon Products and potential products: Activ ated carbon Carbon cloth Charcoal soap Charcoal toiletries Charcoal tablets Wood v inegar

7 Utilization of oil palm biomass as briquettes

8 EFB COLLECTION AND STOR AGE FUEL COMBUSTION (Boiler combustion zone) ASH COLLECTION PRE-TREATMEN T OF EFB STEAM GENER ATION (Boiler water tubes) OIL RECOVERY ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION (Steam turbine generation) ELECTRICITY FOR GRID A typical process flow chart for the EFB biomass power plant. Biodegradable plastic Advanced carbon products Fine chemicals: cellulose, x ylan, lignin

9 Thermal-mechanical mechanical process steam explosion

10 Thermal-mechanical mechanical process steam explosion The aqueous extraction of the steam exploded sample yielded 20-30% of hemicellulose Alkaline washing of the steam exploded sample yielded 10-12% of lignin Acid hydrolysis of the residual solid from the aqueous and alkaline extraction, yielded around 60-65% of glucose. With the costly process, main product should opt on the hydrol ysis of the cellulosic-pulp into glucose Washed pulp Black liqour Hemicellulose and lignin can be further process into high value added chemicals 2 ND GENERATION BIO-FUEL Gasification Pyrolysis Bio-ethanol

11 Gasification of Biomass for Energy Electricity - Depending on the procedure and the air/oxygen used, the yield of the gas ranges from 2.21 to 3.2 Nm3/kg biomass, - The calorific value of the gaseous is around 5.2 MJ/m 3 Bio-oil optimum obtained at temperature of 500 ºC, particle size of µm and heating rate of 100 ºC min -1 Char optimum obtained at temperature of 300 ºC, particle size of µm and heating rate of 30 ºC min -1 Gas optimum obtained at temperature of 700 ºC, particle size of µm and heating rate of 30 ºC min -1 The calorific value of bio-oil ranged from 20 to 21 MJ/kg The gas detected: methane,carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethane and ethylene

12 Inherent properties; cant compete with wood. Therefore needs investment on additional or modification of the conventional machine. Low acceptance mentality as low quality products (especially for woodbased and furniture) Supply chain huge capacity; have to outsource biomass Inherent properties (high moisture content, high fibrous and containing soluble alkali). Cost of pretreatment and new design of system. Quality of supplied EFB (effect of period of storage, deteriorate of fibers due to its accessibility) Economical aspect (new boiler, high maintenance of boiler) Uncertainties of supply; seasonal, competition with other usage, reluctant of mills on long term supply contract. Setting price for EFB is difficult

13 EFB transporter or traders bring the EFB to the plant; chipper price rather than processed EFB (but low bulk density) In-situ pretreatment of the EFB (pressing, shredding and hammering) Status of extracted oil; sludge oil (extra income) Waste water treatment of the water extracted; pond treatment system before discharging it into river-stream (has to comply with DOE) Inconsistency of EFB quality; chances rotten EFB being supplied to the plant Survey and mapping of the supply chain; the supply of EFB, other power plant or other biomass related industry in the vicinity. Biomass Collection Center processing of the EFB into different categories and standard (cater not only the power supply plant, but also for other value added products). Discussion and negotiation with the stakeholder (palm oil millers) for investment on the BCC. In this regards the status or the demand of the EFB market should be well established. Maturity of the technologies is very important. Government to facilitate the implementation of Biomass Policy.

14 Processing the EFB into various categories or standard; shredded, baled, palletized (demonstration plant) to cater many industries such as for pulp, composite, energy or others Standardization of EFB categories and specifications, to cater specific application. Database of EFB supply and providers; provide networking Standardization of the EFB price; application of CDM can reduce the production and processing cost

15 Investment on providing the EFB processing facilities in the palm oil mills, hence securing for long term supply contract of processed EFB. This would avoid the power plant to deal with the waste-water treatment and sludge oil. Ensuring the specific quality of the fibers for fuel specification. Encouraging the palm oil mills to supply EFB fibers for other industries (eg. MDF, particleboard, pulp, plastic composites etc.) Assisting the palm oil mills to obtain the carbon credit from CDM KEY ISSUES TO ENSURE SUCCESSFUL COMMERCIALISATION Pricing Long Term Supply Logistics Infrastructure Vehicle Compatibility Manufacturers Warranty

16 Fiscal incentives to promote RE initiatives: Pioneer Status Investment Tax Allowance Import Duty Exemption, Sales Tax Exemption CONCLUSION RE development is very important to ensure Malaysia long term national energy sustainability. Other sectors such as the furniture and woodbased industry also contribute to our nation income. Effective biomass management is crucial not only for bio-energy sector, but to other sectors as well One stop center of biomass collection is worth to be considered. Security of the supply chain.

17 Continue..CONCLUSION Standardization of the materials. The bigger the capacity of the collection center (together with the bigger market), the more likely the price of the EFB fibers can be stabilized. Therefore the biomass energy sector and also other sectors can be potentially feasible. Suggestion for the government to plan for the biomass strategy and to form a Biomass Policy; collection center, price controlling, supply chain controlling and total implementation. Urge for a systematic monitoring and management, to ensure every sector can benefited from the biomass. Astimar Abdul Aziz, Anis Mokhtar, Loh Soh Kheang, Lim Weng Soon and Choo Yuen May