List of Standard Operating Procedures for the Pre-Design Investigation

Transcription

1 List of Standard Operating Procedures for the Pre-Design Investigation SOP No. SOP Title Date of SOP Associated with PDI Element (Work Plan Appendix Reference) 1 Vessel Positioning May 2017 Geophysical, Bathymetric, Shoreline, and Debris Survey (Appendix A); Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Pore-Water Sampling and Analysis (Appendix D); Water Column Sampling (Appendix E); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F); Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G); Fish Studies (Appendix H) 2 Field Documentation May 2017 Geophysical, Bathymetric, Shoreline, and Debris Survey (Appendix A); Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Pore-Water Sampling and Analysis (Appendix D); Water Column Sampling (Appendix E); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F); Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G); Fish Studies (Appendix H); Cultural Resources Survey (Appendix I); Habitat Survey (Appendix J) 3 Poling Measurements to September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1) Estimate Soft Sediment Thickness 4 Check Valve Corer September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Sediment Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F) 5 Piston Corer September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Sediment Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F) 6 Russian Peat Borer September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Sediment Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F) 7 Vibracore September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Sediment Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F) 8 Sediment Sonic Corer September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Sediment Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F) 9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Sediment Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F) 10 Trident Probe May 2017 Pore-Water Sampling (Appendix D) 11 Distributed Temperature May 2017 Pore-Water Sampling (Appendix D) Sensing 12 UltraSeep May 2017 Pore-Water Sampling (Appendix D) 13 Peristaltic Pump Surface May 2017 Water Column Sampling (Appendix E) Water Sampling 14 LISST-100X Particle Size May 2017 Water Column Sampling (Appendix E) Analyzer 15 ADCP Data Collection May 2017 Water Column Sampling (Appendix E) 16 CTD/OBS/Chlorophylla/FDOM May 2017 Water Column Sampling (Appendix E) Data Collection 17 High-Volume Surface Water Sampling May 2017 Water Column Sampling (Appendix E) 18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures September 2017 Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G) 19 Geotechnical Sample Collection May 2017 Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G) Page 1 of 2

2 List of Standard Operating Procedures for the Pre-Design Investigation SOP No. SOP Title Date of SOP Associated with PDI Element (Work Plan Appendix Reference) 20 Mid-Water Trawling May 2017 Fish Study (Appendix H) 21 Intertidal and Subtidal May 2017 Habitat Survey (Appendix J) Wetland Field Verification 22 Wetland Delineation May 2017 Habitat Survey (Appendix J) 23 Benthic Invertebrate May 2017 Habitat Survey (Appendix J) Surveys 24 Avian Surveys May 2017 Habitat Survey (Appendix J) 25 General Decontamination September 2017 Geophysical, Bathymetric, Shoreline, and Debris Survey (Appendix A); Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Pore-Water Sampling and Analysis (Appendix D); Water Column Sampling (Appendix E); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F); Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G); Fish Studies (Appendix H); Cultural Resources Survey (Appendix I); Habitat Survey (Appendix J) 26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, Handling and Tracking September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Waste Characterization (Appendix C- 3); Pore-Water Sampling and Analysis (Appendix D); Water Column Sampling (Appendix E); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F) 27 Data Management May 2017 Geophysical, Bathymetric, Shoreline, and Debris Survey (Appendix A); Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Waste Characterization (Appendix C-3); Pore-Water Sampling and Analysis (Appendix D); Water Column Sampling (Appendix E); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F); Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G); Fish Studies (Appendix H); Cultural Resources Survey (Appendix I); Habitat Survey (Appendix J) 28 Ground-Penetrating Radar September 2017 Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G) Testing 29 Parallel Seismic Testing September 2017 Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G) 30 Management, Sampling and Disposal of Residuals September 2017 Sediment Core Collection and Chemical Analysis (Appendix C-1); Sediment Geotechnical Characterization (Appendix C-2); Waste Characterization (Appendix C- 3); Pore-Water Sampling and Analysis (Appendix D); Water Column Sampling (Appendix E); Dredging Elutriate Test and Column Settling Test (Appendix F); Bulkhead and Shoreline Evaluation (Appendix G) Page 2 of 2

3 Standard Operating Procedure #3 Poling Measurements to Estimate Soft Sediment Thickness Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

4 LIST OF ACRONYMS GPS HASP PPE RTK SOP Global Positioning System Health and Safety Plan personal protective equipment Real-Time Kinematic Standard Operating Procedure SOP #3 Poling Measurements to Estimate Soft Sediment Thickness September 2017 i

5 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION Poling is conducted to define soft sediment thickness in areas where soft sediment is present. The soft sediment thickness is based on the difference in elevation from the top of sediment to the depth of refusal. Poling data can be used prior to sediment sampling to refine in-channel sampling locations, determine the proper length of core to be used at each location, and to assess potential sample recovery. In addition, poling may be conducted to better help determine what coring technique to use as well as identify and find the extent of any objects causing an obstruction while coring. Poling data can also be used to support design delineation. This standard operating procedure (SOP) describes the procedures and methods used to estimate soft sediment thickness using poling measurements. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD The term poling refers to the procedure by which a pole that is marked with unit length graduations is used to measure soft sediment thickness on the bed of a waterbody. A metal pole marked with 0.1-foot graduations and with a base probe (minimum 1-foot length by 1-inch diameter) is advanced vertically through the river bed sediment to document the material present (i.e., soft, hard, granular, etc.) and to determine the overall soft material thickness (depth to refusal). The pole is extended downward through the soft sediment using manual force only until resistance inhibits additional advancement. Poling data will be obtained by or supervised by personnel with experience in poling methods. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Vessel (sampling platform) that complies with U.S. Coast Guard regulations with a minimum of three anchors or two anchoring spuds. (Note: If conditions warrant, hovering using engine power against current or wind forces may be substituted for an anchoring system). PPE specified in the HASP Tape measure and/or rod with maximum graduations of tenths of feet attached to a disc, to determine the distance from either the water surface or the sampling platform to the sediment surface Metal pole with maximum graduations of tenths of feet with a base probe of minimum 1-foot length by 1-inch diameter Maps and field forms Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS, or equivalent, with +/- 1 meter horizontal accuracy Database available on portable computer (or optional field log book) 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Sample Location Positioning Positioning for sampling will be achieved using an RTK GPS, or equivalent, that is capable of locating stations with an accuracy and repeatability of ±1 meter. SOP #3 Poling Measurements to Estimate Soft Sediment Thickness September

6 5.2 Poling Data Collection Poling data should be obtained or supervised by personnel with experience in poling methods. A disc attached to a tape measure or rod with maximum 0.1 foot graduations will be used by experienced/qualified personnel capable of detecting the sediment surface (mudline). The measurement will be from the water surface or boat deck reference elevation to the top of sediment to determine the vertical distance to the sediment surface. A pole with maximum 0.1- foot graduations and a base probe (minimum 1-foot length by 1-inch diameter) will be used to advance vertically through the river bed sediment to document the material present with a soft push, using arm strength only, and a hard push using arm strength and body weight. A soft [S] push is defined as the depth of penetration to refusal achieved using one hand (arm strength only). A hard [H] push is defined as the additional depth of penetration to refusal achieved by the same sampler using two hands (arm strength plus body weight). The overall [O] push is the combined total of the soft and hard push [S+H=O]. A qualified individual will conduct the poling and estimate the type of material (e.g., soft sediment, sand, gravel, rocks, rip rap, till, etc.) probed with the pole during advancement and observation of material present on the pole upon retrieval. The following data will be recorded in an electronic data collection device and/or on a field form for each poling location: 6.0 REFERENCES Surface water elevation (reference method dependent); Vertical distance from the water surface to the sediment surface; Probing depth measurements or vertical distance from the water surface to refusal (S, H, and O); and estimated type of material present. Tetra Tech Health and Safety Plan. Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #3 Poling Measurements to Estimate Soft Sediment Thickness September

7 Standard Operating Procedure #4 Check Valve Corer Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

8 LIST OF ACRONYMS GPS HASP PPE RTK SOP Global Positioning System Health and Safety Plan personal protective equipment Real Time Kinematic Standard Operating Procedure SOP #4 Check Valve Corer September 2017 i

9 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to establish a standard procedure for the collection of sediment core samples using a check valve core sampler. Procedures are described for the collection of soft sediments and fine-grained sands. This SOP should be referenced during the preparation of any plan requiring procedures for sediment sample collection using a check valve core sampler. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD A tape measure or pole with minimum graduations of 0.1 foot attached to a disc is used to determine the depth from the water surface to sediment surface prior to sampling. In the event of deep/swift water, a lead line will be permissible to determine the depth from the water surface to sediment surface. The check valve sampler is advanced to the specified depth and retracted. The core sample retrieved is capped on the bottom and removed from the check valve sampler. The core is then capped on top, labeled and stored upright in a rack. The location, date-time, sample advancement length from the sediment surface, sediment core recovery length, and percent recovery are documented using the data collector (e.g., ipad) or alternative documentation method. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Vessel (sampling platform) that complies with U.S. Coast Guard regulations with a minimum of 3 anchors or two anchoring spuds PPE specified in the HASP Tape measure, lead line, surveyor s rod and/or pole with minimum graduations of 0.1 foot attached to disc to determine depth from water surface to sediment surface Check valve sampler Core tubes (2.75-inch-diameter rigid clear plastic liners) with end caps Core rack used to store sediment cores vertically Drill Electronic data storage unit for core collection documentation Nut driver and/or Phillips screwdriver Duct and/or electrical tape Permanent marker/paint pen to label core liners Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) or equivalent, with horizontal accuracy of ± 1 meter Truck with core rack to transport sediment cores vertically SOP #4 Check Valve Corer September

10 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Sample Location Positioning Positioning for sampling will be achieved using an RTK GPS, or equivalent, capable of locating stations with an accuracy and repeatability of ±1 meter. 5.2 Water and Sediment Surface Elevations A reference surface elevation will be established for all vertical measurements using the boat deck or water surface. The elevation for the reference elevation will be obtained with RTK GPS. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, the water surface elevation will be documented once before daily sampling is initiated and once after completion of sampling. The water surface elevation will be obtained by measuring (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface. The sediment surface elevation will be determined using the reference surface elevation prior to collection of each sample. A surveyor s rod, graduated pole, lead line, or tape measure (secondary) will be used to measure vertical distance from the reference surface to the sediment surface. The measuring device will have minimum graduations of 0.1 foot and will be attached to a disc. The measurement of the depth from the reference elevation (water surface or boat deck) to sediment surface will be conducted by experienced personnel that are capable of establishing the interface between the water and sediment surface. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, measure (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface before and after daily sampling to obtain the water surface elevation. All data will be documented in an electronic database and/or field forms. 5.3 Core Sample Collection 1. Mark the reference elevation surface (boat deck or water surface) and the target sample depth (below the sediment bed) on the sampler core tube or on the aluminum rod attached to the check valve sampler head using colored electrical tape. 2. Conduct poling (SOP #3) as applicable to the location data requirements. 3. Advance the sampler into the sediment surface slowly to the specified target sample depth. Rotate sampler to shear core sample from sediment column. Retract the sampler. 4. Cap the bottom of the core. Measure the core sample recovery length. Drill a hole no closer than 0.5 inch from the top of sediment to drain the water from the core tube. Remove the core from the sampler. Cap the top of core. Place duct tape over the core caps. Use permanent marker to denote the top of the core with the location identification, date, time, and sample recovery length/sample advancement length and store it in an upright position. 5. Record location, date, time, core sample advancement length, sample recovery length, and percent recovery ([sample recovery length /sample advancement length] x 100) in electronic data collection device or using alternative documentation method. SOP #4 Check Valve Corer September

11 6.0 REFERENCES NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August Tetra Tech Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #4 Check Valve Corer September

12 Standard Operating Procedure #5 Piston Corer Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

13 LIST OF ACRONYMS GPS HASP PPE RTK SOP Global Positioning System Health and Safety Plan Personal Protective Equipment Real Time Kinematic Standard Operating Procedure SOP #5 Piston Corer September 2017 i

14 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) establishes standards for collection of sediment core samples using a piston core sampling device. Procedures are described for the collection of soft sediments and fine-grained sands. This SOP should be referenced during the preparation of any plan requiring procedures for sediment sample collection using a piston core sampler. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD A tape measure or pole with minimum graduations of 0.1 foot attached to a disc is used to determine the depth from the water surface to sediment surface prior to sampling. In the event of deep/swift water, a lead line will be permissible to determine the depth from the water surface to sediment surface. This distance, plus the target sample depth, will be marked on the sampler core tube or on the aluminum rod attached to the piston sampler head. The sampling device will be slowly lowered to the marked depth. The pull rope or cable that is attached to the piston core will be pulled gently up towards the surface of the water/sampling platform until it is taut and then it will be attached to an anchor point such as a sampling vessel or sampling platform with the use of a I-bar. Once the pull rope or cable has been attached, the sampler rod will be first advanced/pushed into the substrate until refusal or until the target depth has been reached. The core sample is then retrieved and capped on the bottom. Two holes will be drilled in the core tube between the top of the sediment and the bottom of the piston to allow for water to drain from the core tube. The thickness of the sediment recovered in the core tube will be measured and recorded. The sampling head and piston will then be removed from the core tube. After the water has drained from the core, an end cap will be placed on top of the core tube with the sample location, date, time, total advancement, and recovery noted. The sample core tube will then be placed upright in a storage rack and all data will be recorded using the data collector (e.g., ipad) or alternative documentation method. After each attempt the piston sampler will be decontaminated. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Vessel (sampling platform) that complies with U.S. Coast Guard regulations with a minimum of three anchors or two anchoring spuds. PPE specified in the HASP Tape measure, lead line, surveyor s rod or graduated pole with minimum graduations of 0.1 foot and 6-inch diameter disc to determine water depth Pole to measure soft sediment thickness with minimum graduations of 0.1foot Piston core sampler Plastic core tubes (2.75-inch-diameter rigid clear plastic liners) with end caps Core rack to store sediment cores vertically Drill Duct tape Electrical tape SOP #5 Piston Corer September

15 Permanent marker/paint pen to label core tubes Measuring tape to measure sample recovered Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) or equivalent, with horizontal accuracy of ± 1 meter Truck with core rack to transport sediment cores vertically I-bar Nut driver and/or Phillips screwdriver Alconox Deionized or distilled water Aluminum sampling rod, length as needed per field conditions Scrub brushes Garden sprayer Electronic data collector (e.g., ipad) and alternative backup (e.g., logbook) 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Sample Location Positioning Positioning for sample collection will be achieved using an RTK GPS, or equivalent, that is capable of locating stations with an accuracy and repeatability of ±1 meter. 5.2 Water and Sediment Surface Elevations A reference surface elevation will be established for all vertical measurements using the boat deck or water surface. The elevation for the reference elevation will be obtained with RTK GPS. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, the water surface elevation will be documented once before daily sampling is initiated and once after completion of sampling. The water surface elevation will be obtained by measuring (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface. The sediment surface elevation will be determined using the reference surface elevation prior to collection of each sample. A surveyor s rod, graduated pole, lead line, or tape measure (secondary) will be used to measure vertical distance from the reference surface to the sediment surface. The measuring device will have minimum graduations of 0.1 foot and will be attached to a disc. The measurement of the depth from the reference elevation (water surface or boat deck) to sediment surface will be conducted by experienced personnel that are capable of establishing the interface between the water and sediment surface. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, measure (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface before and after daily sampling to obtain the water surface elevation. All data will be documented in an electronic database and/or field forms. 5.3 Sample Collection The sample collection method is as follows: 1. Mark the reference surface elevation (boat deck or water surface) and the target sample depth (below the sediment bed) on the sampler core tube or on the aluminum rod attached to the piston sampler head using colored electrical tape. 2. Conduct poling (SOP #3) as applicable to the location data requirements. 3. Slowly lower the sampling device to just below the surface of the water (leaving the pull SOP #5 Piston Corer September

16 rope or cable attached to the piston core on the deck of the boat) to allow the tube to be completely filled with water, eliminating any vacuum effect that can occur. 4. Lower sampler to the marked reference elevation surface. 5. Gently pull the pull rope or cable that is attached to the piston core up towards the surface of the boat until it is taut. Attach the rope or cable to the I-bar that is stabilized on the boat or sampling platform. 6. The sampler rod will be first advanced/pushed by hand, and if required, driven with a 10 pound drive hammer into the substrate until refusal or until the target sample depth has been reached. When performed, record the distance the core tube is advanced/driven before using the drive hammer on the daily field log. 7. Measure and record the final depth of core advancement once the piston core is pushed to refusal or desired depth. Retrieve the sample, place the bottom cap, and wipe free any sediment that remains on the core tube exterior and bring sampler/core tube to the deck of the sampling boat. 8. Drill two holes in the core tube between the top of the sediment and the bottom of the piston, with the bottom hole no closer than 0.5 inches from the top of the captured sediment. 9. Drain water from the core tube. 10. Remove the sampling head and piston from the core tube. 11. Place an end cap on top of the core tube. Place duct tape over the core caps. Use permanent marker to denote the top of the core. Record the location identification (ID), date, time, and sample recovery length/sample advancement length on the core tube and store it in an upright position. 12. Record location, date, time, core sample advancement length, sample recovery length, and percent recovery ([sample recovery length /sample advancement length] x 100) in electronic data collection device or using alternative documentation method. 13. Decontaminate the piston. 5.4 Sampler Decontamination The sampler decontamination process for non-disposable sampling equipment is described below: 6.0 REFERENCES 1. Remove all visible contaminants (solids) using a non-phosphate laboratory detergent (e.g., Alconox). 2. Rinse with distilled or deionized water. NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August Tetra Tech Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #5 Piston Corer September

17 Standard Operating Procedure #6 Russian Peat Borer Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

18 LIST OF ACRONYMS GPS HASP PPE RPB RTK SOP Global Positioning System Health and Safety Plan Personal Protective Equipment Russian Peat Borer Real Time Kinematic Standard Operating Procedure SOP #6 Russian Peat Borer September 2017 i

19 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to establish a standard procedure for the collection of sediment samples using a Russian Peat Borer (RPB) Sampler. The RPB is a discrete interval sampler that collects sediment using a lateral in-place collection technique, as opposed to traditional core sample collection through the face of the advancing core (EPA 1999). The sampler is used to obtain samples for specified intervals and/or to support traditional core sampling methods when sample recovery or disturbance may influence sample integrity. This SOP should be referenced during the preparation of any plan requiring procedures for sediment sample collection using a RPB. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD The RPB Sampler collects sediment/peat by rotating the core barrel around the sampler core axis to obtain a discrete interval sample. Sampling and measuring the depth to the sediment surface should be conducted by qualified and experienced personnel who can differentiate the water/sediment surface interface using the methods described in this SOP. A reference surface elevation (boat deck or water surface) will be obtained at each sample location using Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK GPS) equipment, or equivalent, and recorded. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, the water surface elevation will be obtained by measuring (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface before and after daily sampling. The reference surface elevation will be used to establish the depth to the sediment surface at each sample location. Prior to sampling, a surveyor s rod, pole, or tape measure (marked, at a minimum, in tenths of feet graduations and attached to a disc) will be used to determine the distance from the reference elevation to the sediment surface. Because the water provides almost no resistance to the dropping of the rod (due to the rod s weight), the rate of advancement must be controlled so that detection of the minimal resistance provided by the sediment surface is possible. This distance (e.g., depth), plus the target sample depth, will then be marked on the RPB Sampler, which will be lowered through the water column slowly to the marked depth. Once at the required sediment depth, the sampler rod will be rotated to initiate the sampling while the pivotal cover plate supports the cutting action of the bore. As the sampler is turned, the edge of the bore will longitudinally cut a semi-cylindrical shaped sample until the cover plate encloses an interval of relatively undisturbed sediment. After the sampler is retrieved and placed on the deck of the boat/sampling platform, the sediment will be removed from the sampler by rotating the cover plate to displace captured sediment. The sample will be photographed and sampled in 0.5-foot intervals (three sample intervals with 1.65-foot length collection chamber). The 0.5-foot sample intervals of all targeted intervals sampled with the RPB will be placed in labeled quart-size plastic bags. All samples from a given location will be stored in a labeled gallon-size plastic bag. For each sample location, the date-time, location coordinates, reference surface elevation (boat deck or water surface), vertical distance from reference elevation to sediment surface, sample advancement length from the sediment surface, target interval, and sediment sample length (intervals) will be documented on an electronic data collection device (e.g., tablet computer) and/or on field forms. SOP #6 Russian Peat Borer September

20 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT The following equipment is recommended to perform discrete sampling with the RPB Sampler: Vessel (sampling platform) that complies with U.S. Coast Guard regulations with a minimum of three anchors or two anchoring spuds PPE specified in the HASP Pole, surveyor s rod, or tape measure (secondary) with maximum 0.1-foot graduations attached to a disc to determine depth from boat deck or water surface to sediment surface Tape measure with maximum 0.1-foot graduations RPB Sampler Quart- and gallon-size plastic bags Permanent marker to label sample bags Electronic data storage unit for core collection documentation Electrical tape White board and dry erase markers Digital camera RTK GPS equipment with horizontal accuracy of ± 1 meter 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Sample Location Positioning Positioning for sampling will be achieved using an RTK GPS, or equivalent, that is capable of locating stations with an accuracy and repeatability of ±1 meter. 5.2 Water and Sediment Surface Elevations A reference surface elevation will be established for all vertical measurements using the boat deck or water surface. The elevation for the reference elevation will be obtained with RTK GPS, or equivalent. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, the water surface elevation will be documented once before daily sampling is initiated and once after completion of sampling. The water surface elevation will be obtained by measuring (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface. The sediment surface elevation will be determined using the reference surface elevation prior to collection of each sample. Vertical distance measurement from the reference to the sediment surface will be done with a surveyor s rod, pole, or tape measure (secondary), all with maximum graduations of 0.1 foot and attached to a disc. The measurement of the depth from the reference elevation (water surface or boat deck) to sediment surface will be conducted by qualified and experienced personnel who are capable of establishing the interface between the water and sediment surface. The RPB rod will be taped to indicate the advancement depth from the established reference. Work should be conducted when the precision of measurement is at least 0.1 foot so all SOP #6 Russian Peat Borer September

21 measurements can be documented accordingly. All data will be documented on an electronic data collection device (e.g. tablet computer) and/or on field forms. 5.3 Sample Collection The sample collection method is as follows: 1. Conduct poling (SOP #3) as applicable to the location data requirements. 2. Add the planned core length to the measured water depth (reference point [water surface or boat deck] to top of sediment). Mark this length with tape on the sample rod from the bottom of the sample core chamber and use this measurement for depth of advancement from the reference. 3. Advance the sampler into the sediment surface slowly to the specified depth. Rotate the sampler to capture the sample. Retract the sampler. 4. Place a clean barrier on the deck, then keeping the sampler horizontal at the boat s deck, rotate the cover plate to open the sampler and extrude the sample. Evaluate sample profile and/or characteristics to verify sampler performance and identify intervals that may not represent in-situ sediment (e.g., slough). Replace any samplers that do not function properly. Resample any sample intervals that do not represent the in-situ sediment. Do not retain the misrepresentative samples. 5. Label white board with date, core sample location identification (ID), and depth interval. Place white board next to the sample and photograph. The photo will be used to assist in sample characterization. 6. Sample in 0.5-foot intervals (site sampler includes 1.65-foot length collection chamber that accommodates three sample intervals) and place all samples from the target interval sampled into labeled (sample ID, depth interval, date) quart-size plastic bags. Transfer the sample from the sampler to the container bag using clean spoons (cohesive sediment) or clean nitrile gloves (non-cohesive sediment) for each sample interval. Place all samples in a 5-gallon bucket for storage on the sampling vessel and transportation to the processing facility. 7. For each sample location, record the following in electronic data collection unit and/or field forms: Date and time Core sample ID and coordinates (note distance [feet] sample was offset from location if additional sampling is required) Depth from reference surface elevation (boat deck or surface water) to the top of the sediment Sample advancement depth from reference surface Target depth interval and collected sample length associated with target depth interval Deliver samples to processing facility for characterization, if required, and processing/packaging for shipment to laboratory. SOP #6 Russian Peat Borer September

22 5.4 Sampler Decontamination The sampler decontamination process for non-disposal sampling equipment is described below: 6.0 REFERENCES 1. Remove all visible contaminants (solids) using a non-phosphate laboratory detergent (e.g., Alconox). 2. Rinse with distilled or deionized water. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Innovative Technology Verification Report, Sediment Sampling Technology, Aquatic Research Instruments, Russian Peat Borer. EPA/600/R-01/010. NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August Tetra Tech Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #6 Russian Peat Borer September

23 Standard Operating Procedure #7 Vibracore Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

24 LIST OF ACRONYMS GPS HASP PPE RTK SOP Global Positioning System Health and Safety Plan personal protective equipment Real-Time Kinematic Standard Operating Procedure SOP #7 Vibracore September 2017 i

25 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) establishes standards for collection of sediment core samples using a vibracore sampling device. Procedures are described for the collection of soft sediments and fine-grained sands. This SOP should be referenced during the preparation of any plan requiring procedures for sediment sample collection using a vibracore sampler. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD A measuring device with a minimum of 0.1-foot graduations will be used to determine depth from water surface to sediment surface. This depth plus the target coring depth will be marked on the core barrel, vibracore head or cable. The vibracore is advanced to the target depth or refusal then retracted. The core barrel is removed from the vibracore head capped and taped on both ends, labeled, and stored upright. The location, date-time, sample advancement length from the sediment surface, sediment core recovery length, and percent recovery are documented using the data collector (e.g., ipad) or alternative documentation method. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Vessel (sampling platform) that complies with U.S. Coast Guard regulations with a minimum of three anchors or two anchoring spuds. PPE specified in the HASP Tape measure, lead line, surveyors rod, or graduated pole with minimum graduations of 0.1 foot and disc to determine water depth Vibracore Sampler Core Catcher Plastic core tubes (4-inch-diameter rigid clear plastic liners) with end caps Core rack to store sediment cores vertical or near vertical Duct tape Electrical tape Permanent marker/paint pen to label core tubes Measuring tape to measure sample recovered Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) or equivalent, with horizontal accuracy of ± 1 meter Truck with core rack to transport sediment cores vertical or near vertical Alconox Deionized or distilled water Scrub brushes Garden sprayer Electronic data collector (e.g., ipad) and alternative backup (e.g., logbook) SOP #7 Vibracore September

26 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Sample Location Positioning Positioning for sample collection will be achieved using an RTK GPS, or equivalent, that is capable of locating stations with an accuracy and repeatability of ±1 meter. 5.2 Water and Sediment Surface Elevations A reference surface elevation will be established for all vertical measurements using the boat deck or water surface. The elevation for the reference elevation will be obtained with RTK GPS. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, the water surface elevation will be documented once before daily sampling is initiated and once after completion of sampling. The water surface elevation will be obtained by measuring (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface. The sediment surface elevation will be determined using the reference surface elevation prior to collection of each sample. A surveyor s rod, graduated pole, lead line, or tape measure (secondary) will be used to measure vertical distance from the reference surface to the sediment surface. The measuring device will have minimum graduations of 0.1 foot and will be attached to a disc. The measurement of the depth from the reference elevation (water surface or boat deck) to sediment surface will be conducted by experienced personnel that are capable of establishing the interface between the water and sediment surface. If the boat deck is the reference surface elevation, measure (tape or equivalent) the vertical distance from the boat deck to the water surface before and after daily sampling to obtain the water surface elevation. All data will be documented in an electronic database and/or field forms. 5.3 Sample Collection The sample collection method is as follows: 1. Conduct poling (SOP #3) as applicable to the location data requirements 2. Mark the reference surface elevation (boat deck or water surface) and the target sample depth (below sediment) on the core barrel, vibracore head, or on the cable used to deploy the vibracore sampler using colored electrical table. 3. Deploy the vibracore to the marked reference surface elevation. 4. After successful deployment, the vibratory head is engaged and the core is advanced to the target sample depth or refusal. 5. Measure and record the final depth of core advancement. 6. Retrieve the vibracore sampler. 7. Cap the bottom of the core and seal it with duct tape or electrical tape. 8. The core, with the contained sediment, is removed from the driving head. Alternatively, this may be accomplished on land at the core processing facility or other approved designated area. 9. A tape measure or measuring stick is then lowered into the core tube to measure the head space from the top of the core tube to the sediment surface to determine the total recovery (Core Length - Head Space = Total Recovery). Percent recovery ([sample recovery length /sample advancement length] x 100) is calculated. If the attempt is less than 80%, a second and then third if necessary attempt will be made. Up to three SOP #7 Vibracore September

27 attempts per location will be performed. 10. The top of the core is then capped and sealed with duct tape or electrical tape and placed as close to vertical as possible in a core rack. 11. Label core with the location identification, date, time, and sample recovery length/sample advancement length on the core barrel. 12. Decontaminate any non-disposable sampling equipment including core catchers and core barrels. 5.4 Sampler Decontamination The sampler decontamination process for non-disposable sampling equipment is described below: 6.0 REFERENCES 1. Remove all visible contaminants (solids) using a non-phosphate laboratory detergent (e.g., Alconox). 2. Rinse with distilled or deionized water. NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August Tetra Tech Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #7 Vibracore September

28 Standard Operating Procedure #8 Sediment Sonic Corer Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

29 LIST OF ACRONYMS cm GPS HASP PPE RTK SOP centimeter Global Positioning System Health and Safety Plan personal protective equipment Real-Time Kinematic Standard Operating Procedure SOP #8 Sediment Sonic Corer September 2017 i

30 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to establish protocols for the collection of sediment samples using a sonic core sampler. Sonic sampling is a mechanically assisted coring method that is typically used to obtain sediment samples below the effective depths of manual samplers, generally greater than about 6 feet. A discussion of sampling methods, including vibratory driven samplers, is provided in ASTM D4823. The operator of the sonic core sampler should have prior experience with the equipment and be approved by the Field Manager prior to initiating field work. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD The sonic sampler collects core samples by using sonic vibrations during advancement of the sampler. A reference surface elevation (water surface) and sample location coordinates will be documented at each sample location using portable Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK GPS) equipment. Sampling and depth to the sediment surface measurements will be conducted by experienced personnel using methods described in this SOP. A reference water surface elevation will be used to establish the depth to the sediment surface at each sample location. A surveyor s rod, pole, or tape measure (secondary) with maximum graduations of 0.1 foot, attached to a six-inch diameter disc, will be used to determine the distance from the water surface to the sediment surface prior to sampling. A tape measure, or equivalent, will be used to measure the vertical distance from the base of the lowered drill mast to the water surface (reference elevation). Markings on the drill mast, the base of the drill mast, and the reference water surface elevation will be used to determine the advancement required to obtain the target depth. The initial 0 to 5-foot sample from the sediment surface is typically collected with a check valve or piston core sampler. The sonic operator advances a 5-foot split-barrel sampler, fitted with a plastic liner and a sampler plug in the barrel to prevent sediment entry into the advancing core face. The plug is removed prior to sample advancement to the target depth for the 5-foot interval. The drill rod is retracted and the barrel holding the core liner is retrieved. A new 5-foot plastic liner is inserted into the barrel and the sampler with plug is pushed to the next 5-foot interval in the same location, prior to plug retraction and sediment capture from core advancement. Each 5-foot core sample is capped on both ends. The tube is labeled and the core is stored upright. For each core sample the following is documented in an electronic database or alternative: Location, date, and time Water surface elevation Depth from reference water surface elevation to sediment surface (mudline) Sample target interval, core recovery length, and percent recovery Work will be conducted when the precision of measurement is 0.1 foot. SOP #8 Sediment Sonic Corer September

31 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Vessel (sampling platform) that complies with U.S. Coast Guard regulations with a minimum of three anchors or two anchoring spuds PPE specified in the HASP Check valve core sampler and cores Pole, surveyor s rod, or tape measure (secondary) with maximum graduations of 0.1 foot attached to a disc, to determine depth from water surface to sediment surface Tape measure with maximum graduations of 0.1 foot for measurement of core length, vertical increments on mast, and distance from base of mast to water surface. 5-foot Sonic drilling split-barrel sampler Core tubes to fit split-barrel sampler (2.75-inch-diameter rigid clear plastic liners) and end caps Cordless drill and bits Core rack to store sediment cores vertically Electronic data storage unit for core collection documentation Tools (nut driver, pipe wrenches) Duct and/or Electrical Tape Permanent marker/paint pen to label core liners RTK GPS capable of horizontal accuracy of 1-2 centimeters (cm) and vertical accuracy of 2-4 cm. Truck with core rack to transport sediment cores vertically 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Sample Location Positioning Positioning for sampling will be achieved using an RTK GPS, or equivalent, that is capable of locating stations with an accuracy and repeatability of ±1 meter. 5.2 Depth from Water Surface to Sediment Surface The reference water surface elevation will be obtained with portable RTK GPS equipment at each sample location. Measurements from the water surface reference elevation to the sediment surface will be done with a surveyor s rod, pole, or tape measure (secondary-low flow velocity and/or shallow water), all with maximum graduations of 0.1 foot attached to a disc. The depth measurement from the water surface elevation to sediment surface will be completed and documented at each sample location by experienced personnel that are capable of establishing the interface between the water and sediment surface. Vertical distance measurements from SOP #8 Sediment Sonic Corer September

32 markings on the drill mast to the base of the lowered mast and also from the base of the mast to the surface reference elevation will be obtained using a tape measurement or equivalent with maximum graduations of 0.1 foot. The vertical distance measurements will be used to advance the core sample to the target depth. The significant figures used to record measurements will be dependent on conditions. Data should be reported within the precision of measurement that is possible at the time of measurement considering wave action, boat stability, or other factors. Work should be conducted when the precision of measurement is 0.1 foot so all measurements can be documented accordingly. All data will be documented in an electronic database and/or on field forms. 5.3 Core Sample Collection The planned sample core advancement depth is based on vertical distance measurements from a surface reference elevation to the sediment surface at each sampling location as described in the previous section. The initial 0- to 5-foot sample from the sediment surface is typically collected with a check valve or piston core sampler. Additional core samples, typically in 5-foot intervals, are collected with the sonic core sampler. Refer to piston and check valve SOPs depending on chosen method. Also conduct poling (SOP #3) as applicable to the location data requirements. 1. The sonic operator advances a 5-foot split-barrel sampler, fitted with a plastic liner and a plug on the advancing sampler core face. 2. The sampler is advanced to the top of the target depth interval and the plug is retracted from the core face to allow sediment collection with further advancement. 3. The core barrel is filled with surface water prior to retraction of the plug (unless hydraulic pressure has been equalized from plug leakage) to equalize hydraulic pressure above and below the plug. The hydraulic pressure equalization at the plug interface prevents the upward discharge of sediment into the core following plug removal due to a hydraulic pressure differential. 4. The sampler is then advanced to the bottom of the target depth interval. 5. The drill rod is retracted and the barrel holding the core liner is retrieved. 6. Once the sample is retrieved, the bottom of the core is capped, the core is removed from the sampler, and the top of the core is capped. 7. Duct tape is then used to secure the core caps to the core liner. Permanent marker is used to denote the top of core, and the core is stored in an upright position. 8. A new 5-foot plastic liner is inserted into the barrel and the sampler is pushed to the next 5-foot interval in the same location. 9. For each core sample, the following is recorded: Location, date, and time Water surface elevation Depth from reference water surface elevation to sediment surface (mud line) SOP #8 Sediment Sonic Corer September

33 6.0 REFERENCES Sample target interval, core recovery length, and percent recovery ASTM D (2014). Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August Tetra Tech Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #8 Sediment Sonic Corer September

34 Standard Operating Procedure #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

35 LIST OF ACRONYMS cm HASP mm PPE RTK SOP USCS USDS centimeter Health and Safety Plan millimeter Personal Protective Equipment Real Time Kinematic Standard Operating Procedure Unified Soil Classification System United States Department of Agriculture SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September 2017 i

36 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Sediment Logging is intended for use specifically during field activities. n.b. This is a working document and may be adapted depending on site conditions, project goals and specifications. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD The purpose of the SOP is to provide a step-by step process for describing in-channel sediments using a Munsell Soil Color Chart and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) official descriptors. Boring logs are to be completed using either hard copy hand written or an electronic data logging form. Hard-copy print-outs from the electronic data logging system will be archived as a backup to the electronic data. At a minimum, sediment will be described using the steps outlined below. For each step, as applicable, approved descriptors (USDA and/or USCS) have been listed in bold type, followed by official descriptions. Additional sediment characteristics may be included at the direction and approval of the Field Manager. Following this Standard Operating Procedure ensures that sediment logging procedures are scientifically defensible and meet the task-specific data quality objectives identified in the specific Work Plan. It provides specific quality assurance and quality control mechanisms that validate the information that is collected, and ensure it is useable. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under an approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017). The HASP identifies proper personnel protective equipment (PPE) and identifies potential site hazards. Daily safety tailgate meetings must take place before fieldwork begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Personal protective equipment specified in the Health and Safety Plan Core liner cutter. Full-spectrum fluorescent lighting, if access to natural sunlight is not available. Stainless steel utensils or appropriate disposable utensils. Electronic data logging computer or tablet (e.g. ipad). For back up in the event the appropriate software and/or computer are not available, use a standard log book and waterproof ink pens. Disposable non-powdered nitrile gloves. Calibrated measuring device. Decontamination equipment Distilled water. Tap water Non-phosphate cleaner (e.g., Alconox, or equivalent) 5.0 SEDIMENT LOGGING PROCEDURE 1. Prepare the sediment core for description by cutting the plastic liner lengthwise. Use only SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

37 an approved cutting device with Kevlar or heavy leather gloves. 2. Remove the upper half of the cut plastic liner, leaving the sediment exposed and resting in the bottom half of the liner. 3. Using approved nitrile gloves and stainless steel utensils, inspect the sediment under natural sunlight or full-spectrum light to determine the natural layers that are present across the core. Do not include thin laminations, bedding planes, varves, or other thin sedimentary structures as individual layers. Group these features into layers according to overall pattern. 4. For each layer, list the sediment logger (person describing the sediment), data entry technician (even if the same as the sediment logger), the layer number (number layers sequentially starting with 1 at the surface), the interval (range of depth below the surface for that layer), and any gap in the sample (difference between the distance the core was pushed and the amount of sediment recovered). 5. For each layer, describe the characteristics listed below. a. Sediment Color Sediment color should be described using an approved Munsell Soil Color Chart. Whenever possible, describe color under natural sunlight. If this is not feasible, use only strong, fullspectrum light at close range. While wearing nitrile gloves, place a small amount of sediment behind the chart apertures until the closest match is found to a chart color chip. Record the hue, value, and chroma of the closest match. i. Hue (Munsell Color, 2000) 1. 10YR YR Y 4. 5Y 5. 5YR YR 7. 10R 8. 5PB 9. 10B BG 11. 5BG G 13. 5G GY Y 16. N ii. Value (Munsell Color, 2000) SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

38 iii. Chroma (Munsell Color, 2000) b. Second sediment color (if applicable; same hue, value, and chroma categories as above) c. Texture i. USDA Texture (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) USDA texture should be estimated by hand texturing. Fine earth texture classes from the textural triangle should be used. Sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam categories can be further subdivided based on the dominant size of the sand fraction. Absence of a modifier implies a medium size. 1. Gravel only used if sample is 90+ % gravel 2. Coarse sand 3. Sand 4. Fine sand 5. Very fine sand 6. Loamy coarse sand 7. Loamy sand 8. Loamy fine sand 9. Loamy very fine sand 10. Coarse sandy loam 11. Sandy loam 12. Fine sandy loam 13. Very fine sandy loam 14. Loam 15. Silt loam 16. Silt 17. Sandy clay loam 18. Clay loam 19. Silty clay loam 20. Sandy clay 21. Silty clay 22. Clay ii. USCS Texture (ASTM D2487) USCS texture should be estimated by hand texturing and a 2-letter code should be chosen to describe the texture. The first letter refers to the size fraction of the dominant particle: G = gravel, S = sand, M = silt, C = clay, O = organic. The second letter is a modifier of the dominant particle size: P = poorly graded (well sorted/uniform particle size), W = well SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

39 graded (poorly sorted/diversified particle size), H = high plasticity, L = low plasticity. Pt is used for sediment that is almost entirely organic. 1. GP 2. GW 3. GM 4. GC 5. SP 6. SW 7. SM 8. SC 9. ML 10. MH 11. CL 12. CH 13. OL 14. OH 15. Pt d. Structure Structure denotes the tendency for a soil or sediment to break, upon pressure being applied, into aggregates resulting from pedogenic processes. To determine structure, apply pressure to an appropriately sized block of sediment placed between the thumb and forefinger. After the block ruptures or deforms, determine which of the 9 structure types the resulting peds most resemble. Determine the appropriate grade by observing in situ peds in the liner. Single grain and massive types always have a grade of structureless. i. Type (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) 1. Granular small polyhedrals, with curved or very irregular faces 2. Angular blocky polyhedrals with faces that intersect at sharp angles (planes) 3. Subangular blocky polyhedrals with sub-rounded and planar faces, lack sharp angles 4. Platy flat and tabular-like units (not common; must be due to pedogenesis; do not confuse with sedimentary structure) 5. Wedge elliptical, interlocking lenses that terminate in acute angles, bounded by slickensides; not limited to vertic materials (not common) 6. Prismatic vertically elongated units with flat tops (not common) 7. Columnar vertically elongated units with rounded tops which are commonly bleached (not common) 8. Single grain no structural units; entirely noncoherent (e.g. loose sand) 9. Massive no structural units; material is a coherent mass (not necessarily cemented) ii. Grade (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) 1. Structureless no discrete units observable in place or in hand sample 2. Weak units are barely observable in place or in a hand sample SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

40 3. Moderate units well-formed and evident in place or in a hand sample 4. Strong units are distinct in place (undisturbed soil), and separate cleanly when disturbed e. Plasticity Plasticity is the degree to which reworked sediment can be permanently deformed without rupturing. To determine plasticity mix a small amount of sediment with an amount of water sufficient to give the sediment its maximum plasticity. If too much water is added, more sediment can be added. Make a roll of sediment 4 centimeters (cm) long and evaluate it using the criteria below. i. Class (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) 1. Non-plastic will not form a 6-millimeter (mm) diameter roll, or if formed, can t support itself if held on end 2. Slightly plastic 6-mm-diameter roll supports itself; 4-mm diameter roll does not 3. Moderately plastic 4-mm-diameter roll supports itself, 2-mm-diameter roll does not 4. Very plastic 2-mm-diameter roll supports its weight f. Density (Optional) Density describes the degree of firmness for coarse-grained sediments. Official density determination uses the Standard Penetration Test, in a field setting. When describing sediment in a lab setting, an estimate of the density should be made using undisturbed sediment in the plastic liner. Density should only be described for sediments in which the USCS texture is GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, or SC. For other textures, consistency should be used. i. Class 1. Very Loose (0-4 SPT) 2. Loose (5-10 SPT) 3. Medium Dense (11-30 SPT) 4. Dense (31-50 SPT) 5. Very Dense (>50 SPT) g. Consistency (Optional) Consistency describes the degree of firmness for intact fine-grained sediments. Official consistency determination uses the Standard Penetration Test, in a field setting. When describing sediment in a lab setting, an estimate of the consistency should be made using undisturbed sediment in the plastic liner. Consistency should only be described for finegrained sediments. i. Class 1. Very Soft (<2 SPT) 2. Soft (2-4 SPT) 3. Firm (5-15 SPT) 4. Hard (16-30 SPT) 5. Very Hard (>30 SPT) SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

41 h. Roots Describe the quantity and size class of roots per unit area. The area in which to assess root quantity is based on the size of the roots being assessed. For very fine and fine roots, record the average quantity from 3 to 5 units of 1 cm by 1 cm. For medium and coarse roots, record the average quantity from 3 to 5 units of 10 cm by 10 cm. For very coarse roots, the appropriate unit area is 1m by 1m. Because of limited sample size when describing sediment from a core sample, very coarse root quantity should be estimated. i. Quantity (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) 1. Few - <1 per area 2. Common 1 to <5 per area 3. Many - 5 per area ii. Size (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) 1. Very fine - <1 mm 2. Fine 1 to <2 mm 3. Medium 2 to <5 mm 4. Coarse 5 to <10 mm 5. Very Coarse - 10 mm i. Rock fragments Estimate rock fragment percentage by volume. Use a ruler to estimate the average rock fragment size for the entire layer. If multiple size classes are present, use the largest size class, unless the smaller size class has more than twice the percentage by volume of the larger (e.g., 30% fine gravel and 20% coarse gravel, choose 35-60% coarse gravel ; 40% fine gravel and 10% coarse gravel, choose 35-60% fine gravel ). Use comparison samples if available. i. Quantity (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) 1. <15% - no texture adjective added to USDA texture to <35% - use adjective for appropriate size (e.g. gravelly) to <60% - use very with the appropriate size adjective (e.g. very gravelly) to <90% - use extremely with the appropriate size adjective (e.g. extremely gravelly) 5. 90% - no modifier; use the appropriate noun for the dominant size class (e.g. gravel) ii. Size (Schoeneberger et al., 2002) 1. fine gravel >2 to 5 mm diameter 2. medium gravel >5 to 20 mm diameter 3. coarse gravel >20 to 75 mm diameter 4. cobbles >75 to 250 mm diameter iii. Angularity 1. angular (fragments have sharp edges and relatively planar sides with unpolished surfaces) SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

42 2. subangular (fragments are similar to angular description but with rounded edges) 3. subrounded (fragments have nearly planar sides but well-rounded corners and edges) 4. rounded (fragments have smoothly curved sides and no edges) j. Shells Note the presence of shells or shell fragments in the layer. k. Plant fragments Note the presence of plant fragments in the layer. l. Wood Note the dominant wood type if wood is found in the layer. Do not include roots here. Secondary wood types that are deemed important should be listed in the comments section. Estimate the percentage of the layer that is composed of the dominant wood type using the increments listed below. i. Type 1. wood wood in a generally natural state, any color but black 2. black wood wood that is black, but unburned, inside and out 3. burned wood visibly burned wood 4. sawdust fine wood shavings, either dispersed or clumped together 5. wood chips non-naturally cut small wood pieces 6. wood pulp fibrous, ground wood used in making paper 7. charcoal compressed carbon residue of burned wood ii. Quantity 1. <5% 2. 10% 3. 20% 4. 30% 5. 40% 6. 50% 7. 60% 8. 70% 9. 80% % % % m. Odor Note any odor detected from the layer after the core has been cut open. Use the wafting method to avoid overexposure to strong chemicals. If the odor is strong and is easily detected without wafting, it may indicate a hazard. Leave the logging area immediately until proper equipment (PID, etc.) can be utilized to verify, monitor, and/or mitigate the risk. Because certain volatile compounds are only released during mixing, an odor may not be SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

43 detectable until a layer is being composited during sampling. Pay specific attention during this step of the sampling process and adjust the sediment description accordingly. i. Type 1. Petrochemical 2. Sulfur 3. Other ii. Amount 1. Slight odor is barely detectable, even at close range 2. Moderate odor is detectable when wafting from the proper distance 3. Strong odor permeates after the core liner is cut open and/or during mixing of the sediment; no wafting is needed to detect the odor. n. Sublayers Sublayers are thin but distinct bands of sediment within the larger layer. A layer may be composed of many sublayers, in a repeating pattern, or it may be generally uniform but with a few thin bands that differ from the rest of the layer in regards to certain major characteristics, like texture or color. These thin bands should not be separated as individual layers but should be noted and described here. Sublayers include characteristics such as varves, sedimentary structures, thin bedding planes, or stratification. i. Thickness 1. <0.05 foot foot foot foot 5. >0.5 foot ii. Texture 1. Same options as section c. i. (USDA texture) iii. Color 1. Same options as section a. i, ii, and iii. (Munsell color) o. Geomorphic Setting If possible, note the geomorphic setting of the layer in its natural state, based on the characteristics already described. Choose one of the three options below. If none apply, leave this section blank. i. Till ii. Lacustrine iii. Sand/gravel bed 6. For each layer, after describing the characteristics above, note any additional remarks. These can be elaborations on characteristics already mentioned or notable layer characteristics that do not fit in any of the categories above. Any speculative comments should be noted as internal sample remarks. SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

44 7. For each sample interval, fill out the appropriate lab information as listed below. a. Duplicate List whether a field duplicate sample will be collected for this interval. b. Grab/Composite Identify whether the sample for this interval is a grab sample or composite sample (intervals with field duplicates will always be composite). c. Matrix Identify the sample matrix for each sample interval. Default is sediment. Other values are not common. i. Sediment ii. Soil iii. Air iv. Water d. # of Containers Identify the number of sample containers used when sampling the interval. Default is 1. i. 1 ii. 2 iii. 3 iv. 4 v. 5 vi. 6 vii. 7 viii. 8 ix. 9 x. 10 e. Priority Identify the lab priority for the sample interval. Methods for prioritizing of samples will be decided by the Field Manager in consultation with the lab. 8. Equipment decontamination for non-disposable sampling equipment is described below: a. Remove all visible contaminants (solids) using a non-phosphate laboratory detergent (e.g., Alconox). b. Rinse with distilled or deionized water. 6.0 QUALITY CONTROL 1. Initial review of sediment logs will occur immediately after logging of a core. This review will be completed by a qualified soil scientist, geomorphologist, or geologist, with SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

45 experience in the USDA and USCS systems. Changes will be noted on a paper print-out from the electronic data form. Any changes necessary will be promptly made in the electronic data form. After the changes are made, the reviewer will sign and date the paper print-out, which will be archived. 2. A second review of sediment logs will occur by the Field Manager, or their designee, who is independent and separate of the scientist who initially described the sediment. Once the second review is complete, sediment log data will be transferred to the project database. 7.0 REFERENCES American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume Munsell Color, Munsell Soil Color Charts. Revised washable ed. GretagMacbeth, New Windsor, NY. NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August Schoeneberger, P.J., Wysocki, D.A., Benham, E.C., and Broderson, W.D. (editors), Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 2.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. Tetra Tech Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #9 Core Processing and Sediment Logging September

46 Standard Operating Procedure #18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

47 LIST OF ACRONYMS ASTM HASP PPE QAPP SOP American Society for Testing and Materials Health and Safety Plan Personal Protective Equipment Quality Assurance Project Plan Standard Operating Procedure SOP #18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures September 2017 i

48 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) establishes standards for drilling and sampling soil for geotechnical purposes to evaluate strength and engineering classification. For the purposes of this SOP, soil represents unconsolidated mineral material including associated water, air, and organic particles contained therein and includes both sediment and residual materials. This SOP should be referenced during the preparation of any plan requiring procedures for geotechnical drilling. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD This procedure involves the use of drilling rigs to advance and auger or casing for the purposed of measuring soil properties in situ and obtaining soil disturbed and undisturbed soil samples for classification and testing. Upland borings will be installed with drilled borehole methods using hollow stem augers. Marine borings will be installed with borehole methods using rotary methods. Conditions and access requirements for each boring will be assessed in advance of the work and appropriate measures taken to modify procedures as required to protect the health and safety of workers in accordance with the Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017a) and to manage wastes appropriately. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved HASP (Tetra Tech, 2017a) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 PROCEDURES 4.1 Equipment List The following equipment list contains materials that may be needed in carrying out the procedures contained in this SOP. Additional equipment may be required, pending field conditions. Personal protective equipment and other safety equipment, as required in the project HASP Project Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP; Tetra Tech, 2017b) All drilling equipment required by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1586 and D1587 Pocket penetrometer Torvane Measuring tape Digital camera Appropriate sample containers and forms Logbook Samples of subsurface material encountered while drilling soil borings will be obtained continuously. The sampling methods employed will be ASTM D1586 Standard Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils (Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume SOP #18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures September

49 04.08) and ASTM D1587 Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes (Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.08). A table providing sampling intervals will be developed prior to field mobilization to use as a guide for geotechnical sample collection during drilling, but the sampling intervals and laboratory testing may be adjusted by the field engineer based on actual conditions encountered with approval from the project geotechnical engineer. The Field Engineer will be responsible for documenting drilling events in the logbook and approved boring log form. The Drilling Contractor will advise the geotechnical engineer of changes in drilling action, drilling pressure, and keep a separate general log of soils encountered, including blow counts (i.e., the number of blows from a soil sampling in driving 6-inch increments). Soil boring installation and sampling will be performed by persons who have been trained in the proper operation, test procedures, and engineering soil classification, and will be performed under the guidance of the Project Geotechnical Engineer. 4.2 Geotechnical Boring Installation Procedures Boreholes will be advanced by mechanical means using augers or casing and soil samples will be collected through the hollow stem or casing as the boring is advanced. Samples will be collected using either standard 2-inch outer diameter by 2-foot-long split-spoons driven by a 140-pound hammer or standard 3-inch by 24-inch-long Shelby tubes pressed by drill rig hydraulics, unless otherwise specified. The sampling method employed for split-spoon sampling will be ASTM D1586, and the sampling method for the Shelby tube sampling will be ASTM D1587. Sampling will begin at the ground surface for upland borings and at the mudline after casing is set for marine borings prior to advance of the borehole. Grouting of the marine boreholes will occur immediately after collecting the final sample. Grouting of the upland boreholes will occur immediately after the measurement of the depth and groundwater level. Generally, grouting will occur during the same day of drilling. The upland soil borings will be installed with hollow stem augers in order to seal the surrounding formation during borehole advancement. Split spoon samples will be advanced generally ahead of the drilling bit to limit risk of cross-contamination of lower layers, and the soil boring will be fully cased and sealed by hollow stem augers. The drillers should maintain a water level inside the augers equal to or greater than the groundwater level outside the augers. Marine soil borings will be installed with drilled borehole methods, including drill and wash (with water) and mud rotary drilling (where required, due to heaving or running soil conditions). Drilling fluid will be recirculated in a closed loop system with cuttings removal in mud tub. The need to contain the return water will be assessed prior to mobilization based on review of the available analytical testing of the sediment. The steel casing that encloses the tooling and drilling fluid and will be initially extended into the sediment for approximately 2 or 3 feet before sampling (or casing telescoping) occurs. The drilling operation and casing approach will accommodate tidal fluctuation (i.e., appropriate casing and spud lengths will be used to account for tidal water levels). To reach required depth, more than one boring per location may be necessary due to tidal variation. The casing will be advanced to the top of each sample interval and cleaned out (soil cuttings removed) to confirm that sampling is performed for the scheduled interval. Sampling will be performed ahead of the casing to maintain accuracy of the standard SOP #18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures September

50 penetration testing and Shelby tube sampling. Depth measurements will be made from top of casing and referenced to the mudline. The condition for refusal during drilling for all soil borings is seizing of the drill bit or no advancement following reasonable attempts by the drilling subcontractor to continue the soil boring. (Note: the determination of refusal is a decision made by the drilling subcontractor.) If refusal occurs, the geotechnical engineer will contact the project geotechnical engineer to determine if the soil boring is sufficiently deep to abandon, or if the boring should be repositioned within 20 feet of refused location and re-drilled. All refusals will be documented with respect to depth, location, together with any information obtained about the obstructing feature. The condition of refusal indicated by standard penetration test during is considered when a total of 50 blows have been applied during any 6-inch increment or a total of 100 blows have been applied for less than 12 inches of advancement. Refusal is also considered where there is no observed advance of the sampler after 10 successive blows of the hammer. 4.3 Subsurface Soil Sampling and Logging As samples are collected, qualified personnel will describe each soil sample on the Geotechnical Boring Log for the following parameters: soil type, color, percent recovery, moisture content, texture, grain size and shape, consistency/density, and miscellaneous observations. Samples will be collected and labelled in accordance with the SOP - Geotechnical Sample Collection. Horizontal position in 1983 State Plane Coordinate System shall be recorded on each boring log as well as the initials of field engineer. Record all appropriate information in the logbook and on the proper forms. Photograph all samples with tape measure and orient along sample and white board, clearly indicating the top and bottom of the sample. 4.4 Geotechnical Boring Abandonment Soil borings will be abandoned by backfilling with neat cement grout applied through a tremie pipe. Following this, hollow stem augers and/or casing will be removed. All soil borings will be grouted immediately upon completion of boring. 4.5 Field Cleaning Equipment will be cleaned prior to use on site, between each soil sample test, and prior to leaving the site. All drilling and sampling equipment that may have come in contact with impacted soils and/or waste materials will be cleaned with an appropriate cleaning solution. 4.6 Waste Management Remaining soil and investigation-derived waste will be stored or disposed in accordance with the waste management plan that will be prepared prior to mobilization. Potentially contaminated sediment, water, PPE, and other materials will be classified into three categories: 1) solid materials consisting of soils, soil samples returned from the laboratory, used PPE, and other materials used in the handling, processing, and storage of soil samples; 2) liquid wastes, SOP #18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures September

51 such as wastewater from decontamination activities and drilling fluid; and 3) spent and residual chemicals (liquids) from decontamination. Soils from samples that are not processed for geotechnical analysis may be either archived or disposed, and will be segregated and handled separately according to its classification. To the extent practical, liquids generated during drilling and sample processing operations will be separated from the solid material. Solid residuals generated during field activities will be characterized for appropriate offsite disposal. Solid residuals consist of two types of materials: non-soil solid materials generated during the collection and processing of samples, including items, such as used Shelby tubes and PPE (e.g., gloves, Tyvek suits, boot covers); and soils not used for analyses (e.g., waste soils, such as excess soil sample material not needed for collection). Non-soil and soil wastes will be segregated and temporarily stored in separate containers pending disposal. Loose soil will be removed from non-soil waste items prior to disposal and stored with other sediment wastes. If recovered soil is determined to be unusable after a sample has been collected, the soil will be removed from the sampler (i.e., split-spoon or Shelby tube) and stored in an appropriate container for disposal as waste sediment. The used tube will be stored and disposed with the non-soil solid wastes. Soil residuals will be placed in 55-gallon drums, labeled, and stored temporarily until disposal. Wastewater, including returned drilling fluids generated during drilling and decontamination activities will be pumped directly to a temporary staging area located on the barge. The staging area will consist of a 375-gallon Poly tank placed in a secondary containment area. The Poly tank will be emptied at the conclusion of the daily drilling activities or as necessary. A pump fitted with a double-walled discharge hose will be used to pump the drilling fluid from the Poly tank to 55-gallon drums located on-site. To minimize the pumping distance across the water, the barge will be brought alongside the floodwall prior to pumping and a cable fitted with a hose clamp will be run from the barge to the site to prevent the discharge hose from entering the water. The hose will be fitted with a valve at the discharge end to control and terminate the transfer of drilling fluids into the on-site drums. A tee-valve will also be fitted between the pump outlet and discharge hose to allow for drainage of excess drilling fluids that backflows from the hose at the conclusion of the discharge activities. This excess drilling fluid will be captured in 5-gallon buckets for transfer on site. During periods of inactivity the discharge hosing will be properly secured/capped and stored. Following the pumping operation, any residual solids will be collected in 5-gallon buckets with lids taped shut and hoisted over the floodwall for on-site storage. Water mixed with detergent or chemicals used during decontamination activities and water captured in the field in conjunction with the various investigatory activities will be treated and handled at the on-site groundwater treatment plant. In the event that wastewater is not treated through the on-site groundwater treatment plant, it will be stored at the site in appropriate containers pending characterization for off-site disposal. Waste sediment and other solid waste materials will be placed in U.S. Department of Transportation approved 55-gallon drums or 30-gallon bags as they are generated during field activities. Solid waste materials that are initially placed in bags may be bulked into 55-gallon drums for storage. The following procedures will be followed for storing sediment and other solid waste in these drums: SOP #18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures September

52 1. A drum number will be assigned to each drum by the Investigative Organization or its designee. The drum number will be clearly marked on multiple places on the drum. 2. A log will be kept for each drum, listing the materials placed in that drum. All solid materials will be segregated based on the type of material (e.g., sediment, Shelby tubes, PPE, waste plastic, paper, or foil) and, to the extent practicable, by where they were generated (e.g., boring location). 3. Drums will be closed or covered at the end of each day's work. 4. Collection drums may be reused at the processing facility after emptying. 5. Drums containing solid materials will be stored in a secured temporary facility until proper off-site disposal can be coordinated. 5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE The data quality objectives are included in the project QAPP (Tetra Tech, 2017b) and clarify the quantity and quality of soil sampling and the objectives of the program to support data end use decisions. 6.0 DOCUMENTATION The Field Engineer will be responsible for documenting test activities using a Daily Activity Log to record all relevant information for field sampling procedures, installing soil and sediment borings, and collecting geotechnical samples. All drilling records will be recorded on drilling log forms and in logbooks. 7.0 REFERENCES ASTM D Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume ASTM D1587/D1587M-15. Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume Tetra Tech. 2017a. Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April Tetra Tech. 2017b. Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP) [Field Sampling Plan (FSP) and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)]. Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 2, August SOP #18 Soil Boring Installation and Sampling Procedures September

53 Standard Operating Procedure #25 General Decontamination Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

54 LIST OF ACRONYMS GPS HASP PPE RTK SOP UFP-QAPP Global Positioning System Health and Safety Plan Personal Protective Equipment Real-Time Kinematic standard operating procedure Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan SOP #25 General Decontamination September 2017 i

55 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION The purpose of this document is to define the standard operating procedure (SOP) for decontamination of equipment, instruments, and other materials. This procedure does not apply to personnel decontamination. Specific requirements for decontamination of task-specific equipment/ instrumentation are provided in the associated SOPs. The field team is responsible for reviewing the task-specific SOP(s), as well as the Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP; Tetra Tech, 2017a), prior to conducting field activities and ensuring that all field equipment are available and in acceptable condition. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD Decontamination is the process of neutralizing, washing, and rinsing exposed surfaces of equipment and instrumentation to minimize the potential for contaminant migration and/or cross-contamination. The decontamination procedures will use various rinsing/washing fluids that are known to be free of the analytes of interest, depending on the type of equipment. Decontamination will be verified by the collection and analysis of field equipment rinsate blanks. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017b) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT The following equipment list contains materials that may be needed in carrying out the procedures contained in this SOP. Not all equipment listed below may be necessary for a specific activity. Additional equipment may be required, pending field conditions and task-specific steps (refer to applicable SOPs). PPE specified in the HASP bristle brushes wash/rinse tubs low phosphate detergent 10 percent nitric acid, ultrapure, as necessary methanol and hexane (pesticide grade or better in separate Teflon bottles), as necessary deionized "analyte-free" water stainless steel bowls aluminum foil tap water (from any treated municipal water supply) high-pressure/steam cleaner sample container(s) for rinsate blank, if collected logbook 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Decontamination with Soap and Water 1. Dress in suitable PPE to reduce exposure to contaminants, as described in the HASP. SOP #25 General Decontamination September

56 2. Scrape off residual sample media at the coring location (i.e., on the coring vessel). 3. Rinse equipment with Passaic River water. 4. At the sample processing site, scrape off any residual sample media on equipment and collect material as per Waste Management Plan. 5. Place equipment in a wash tub or bucket containing Alconox (or other low-phosphate detergent) and tap water. Scrub with a bristle brush or similar utensil. 6. Rinse equipment with tap water in a second wash tub or bucket. 7. Rinse equipment with deionized water. 8. Following decontamination, place equipment in a dedicated clean area. Allow to air dry. 9. Following air drying, the equipment will be wrapped in aluminum foil (shiny side out) or otherwise protected from cross-contamination, until used for sample collection. 10. Replace detergent water and rinse water frequently. Used decontamination fluids will be collected and handled in accordance with the Waste Management Plan. 5.2 Decontamination via Steam/High-Pressure Spray 1. Dress in suitable PPE to reduce exposure to contaminants, as described in the HASP. 2. Scrape off residual sample media at the coring location (i.e., on the coring vessel). 3. Rinse equipment with Passaic River water. 4. Transport equipment to sample processing site, wrapped or draped in plastic or placed in the plastic-lined cargo area of a truck. 5. Place equipment in a constructed decon pad. 6. Wash equipment with a hot water, high-pressure spray or steam-clean. 7. Rinse equipment with tap water by hose or high-pressure spray. 8. Following decontamination, place equipment in a dedicated clean area. Allow to air dry. 9. Following air drying, the equipment will be wrapped in aluminum foil (shiny side out) or otherwise protected from cross-contamination, until used for sample collection. 10. Replace detergent water and rinse water frequently. Used decontamination fluids will be collected and handled in accordance with the Waste Management Plan. 5.3 Decontamination with Solvents If visible contamination still exists on the equipment, the following steps will be used: 1. Dress in suitable PPE to reduce exposure to contaminants, as described in the HASP. 2. Scrape off residual sample media at the coring location (i.e., on the coring vessel). 3. Rinse equipment with Passaic River water. 4. At the sample processing site, scrape off any residual sample media on equipment and collect material as per Waste Management Plan. 5. Place equipment in a wash tub or bucket containing Alconox (or other low-phosphate detergent) and tap water. Scrub with a bristle brush or similar utensil. 6. Rinse equipment with tap water in a second wash tub or bucket. 7. Rinse equipment with deionized water. 8. Perform a nitric acid rinse (as necessary; for metals analyses) and then re-rinse with deionized water. 9. Perform a methanol rinse followed by a hexane rinse (as necessary; for organic analyses) and then re-rinse with deionized water. 10. Following decontamination, place equipment in a dedicated clean area. Allow to air dry. SOP #25 General Decontamination September

57 11. Following air drying, the equipment will be wrapped in aluminum foil (shiny side out) or otherwise protected from cross-contamination, until used for sample collection. 12. Replace detergent water and rinse water frequently. Used decontamination fluids will be collected and handled in accordance with the Waste Management Plan. 5.4 Decontamination with Ambient Water The following steps will be used to decontaminate support equipment and vessel: 1. Dress in suitable PPE to reduce exposure to contaminants, as described in the HASP. 2. Scrape off residual sample media at the coring location (i.e., on the coring vessel). 3. Rinse equipment with Passaic River water. Daily decontamination of the decks of the vessels will consist of Passaic River water washing as soon as possible after concluding work. Further wash-down with tap water at the marina is at the discretion of the boat's captain. 5.5 Collection of Equipment Field Rinsate Blank Rinsate blanks will be collected to assess the adequacy of equipment decontamination procedures. Rinsate blanks will be submitted for analysis of constituents and at the frequency denoted in the UFP-QAPP. Rinsate blank samples for dioxin/furan analysis will be collected using hexane, rather than spectrophotometric-grade trichloroethene, as specified by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 2 (1989). The rinsate blank collection procedures for all analytes, except dioxin/furan analysis, are as follows: 1. Pour analyte-free water over the applicable sampling equipment after decontamination. 2. Collect rinsate in a previously decontaminated stainless steel bowl or other collection vessel. 3. Transfer rinsate to the appropriate sample bottles for analysis of applicable parameters. 4. Preserve rinsate samples, as necessary, in accordance with UFP-QAPP requirements for aqueous samples. Rinsate blank collection procedures for dioxin/furan analysis will be as follows: 1. Following collection of the rinsate blank samples for all other analytes, pour hexane over a representative set of sampling equipment after decontamination. 2. Collect rinsate in a previously decontaminated stainless steel bowl or other collection vessel. 3. Transfer rinsate to the appropriate sample bottles for analysis of dioxins/furans. 4. Preserve rinsate samples, as necessary, in accordance with UFP-QAPP requirements for aqueous samples. SOP #25 General Decontamination September

58 6.0 REFERENCES NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August 2005 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Quality Assurance Manual, Revision 1. October. Tetra Tech. 2017a. Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP) [Field Sampling Plan (FSP) and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)]. Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 2, August Tetra Tech. 2017b. Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #25 General Decontamination September

59 Standard Operating Procedure #26 Sample Homogenization, Containerization, Preservation, Handling, and Tracking Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

60 LIST OF ACRONYMS C degree Celsius EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency HASP Health and Safety Plan OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response PPE personal protective equipment QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control SOP standard operating procedure UFP-QAPP Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan SOP #26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, September 2017 Handling, and Tracking i

61 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION The purpose of this document is to define the standard operating procedure (SOP) for homogenizing, containerizing, preserving, handling, tracking, and shipping samples collected during Operable Unit 2 field activities. Identification, documentation and strict custody of samples are important for ensuring the integrity of the environmental samples and maintaining data quality. This SOP is intended to allow different sampling personnel following these procedures to deliver samples to the laboratory(ies) that are equally reliable and consistent, and in compliance with regulatory agency requirements. Any taskspecific requirements are provided in the associated SOPs. The field team is responsible for reviewing task-specific SOP(s), as well as the Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP; Tetra Tech, 2017a), prior to conducting field activities. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD Sample custody must be strictly maintained and carefully documented each time the sample material is collected, transported, received, prepared, and analyzed. Custody procedures are necessary to ensure the integrity of the samples, and samples collected during the field investigation must be traceable from the time the samples are collected until they are disposed of and/or stored, and their derived data are used in the final report. Sample custody is defined as (1) being in the sampler s possession; (2) being in the sampler s view, after being in the sampler s possession; (3) being locked in a secured container, after being in the sampler s possession; and (4) being placed in a designated secure area. The analytical laboratories will maintain custody after arrival of the samples through internal logging procedures, as indicated in their internal Quality Management Plan and SOPs. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017b) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT PPE specified in the HASP Logbook, field forms, computer tablet Black, ballpoint pen Sharpie or equivalent permanent marker chain of custody decontaminated stainless steel tray or bowl; or dedicated/disposable tray or bowl decontaminated stainless steel or Teflon spoon or spatula; or dedicated/disposable spoon or spatula sample containers preservation chemicals (as required by UFP-QAPP Worksheets #19 and #30; e.g., nitric acid, sulfuric acid) pipette colorimetric ph test paper sample labels sealable plastic bags ice chest(s) SOP #26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, September 2017 Handling, and Tracking 1

62 inert packing material (e.g., foam peanuts, vermiculite, cardboard) plastic lining material shipping tape clear tape ice or similar chilling source temperature blanks (if not provided by the laboratory) custody seals Computer/tablet 5.0 PROCEDURES 5.1 Field Custody Field custody procedures will be implemented for each sample collected. The field staff member performing the sampling, as overseen by the Field Lead, Quality Assurance (QA)/Quality Control (QC) Lead, or designee, will be responsible for the care and custody of the samples until they are properly transferred or dispatched. To ensure the integrity of the samples, the samples are to be maintained in a designated, secure area and/or be custody sealed in the appropriate containers prior to shipment. The field office will be located at Lister Avenue in Newark, New Jersey, and this building will also be the sediment core processing facility. The facility will be capable of receiving and processing collected cores under natural or full-spectrum artificial lighting, with proper ventilation and space for sample processing, packaging, storage, and shipping Sample Archiving During the Project, select sample intervals and/or additional sample volume may be collected that are not planned for initial laboratory analysis. These samples will be identified and containerized as applicable to the material and potential analyses (refer to Section 5.2), and logged on separate chains of custody (refer to Section 5.5). Solid samples will be homogenized (refer to Section 5.3) prior to sample archiving. The samples will be preserved by freezing, either in a field or laboratory freezer maintained at < 0 degrees Celsius ( C), until a determination of the need for sample analysis is made by the Project team. The temperature of the freezer shall be documented daily. The chains of custody for the samples contained in the freezer will be maintained in a separate, labeled binder located in close proximity to the freezer Split Samples with EPA The Project team will split samples with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) personnel as requested. Field personnel will collect an additional aliquot of the specific sample, and preserve, as appropriate, and label the sample. Packaging (e.g. coolers, ice, custody seals), shipment, and analyses will not be provided by the Project team. A representative for EPA will need to be present at the Project at least at the end of a sampling day to receive the sample(s) from field personnel and sign the split sample chain of custody. 5.2 Sample Identification Samples collected for the Project will be uniquely identified, typically based on the type and schedule of the sample event, sample location, and sample matrix or matrices. Unless SOP #26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, September 2017 Handling, and Tracking 2

63 otherwise noted in an individual task-specific Work Plan and/or SOP, sample nomenclature will consist of the following: Project ID Code: LPR Sample Type (as applicable to program): Two-digit letter code indicating the PDI task, such as PW for pore-water River Mile Code: Nearest RM to location, such as 13 for RM 1.3 (as necessary, use range of numbers, such as 1327 for RM 1.3 to RM 2.7), as applicable to the type of sampling Data Collection Location: Two-digit numerical identifier (sequential), such as 01 or 27 Collection Depth: Two-digit numerical identifier, such as 15 for 1.5 feet below grade, as applicable to the type of sampling (as necessary, use range of numbers, such as 1525 for 1.5 to 2.5 feet below grade), Field duplicates will be will be coded in such a manner that the laboratory will not be able to determine of which original field sample they are duplicated (i.e., blind duplicates). The nomenclature must be unique, and the coded sample name should not be assigned a legitimate sample location identification. Field, trip, and deionized water blanks will include the letter code corresponding to the appropriate type of equipment and/or portion of the field investigation for which the blank sample was collected, in addition to the blank-type letter code, and the date of sampling. 5.3 Sample Homogenization Homogenization will be accomplished by filling a dedicated disposable or properly decontaminated stainless steel tray or bowl with the collected solid sample matrix (soil/sediment). The sample matrix will be mixed by hand with a dedicated disposable or properly decontaminated stainless steel/teflon spoon or spatula. Homogenization is done to achieve a consistent physical appearance, and mixing will continue until color and texture differences are no longer detected in the solid material. Once a uniform physical appearance is achieved, the matrix will be divided into quarters or eighths depending on sample volume required. The subsample jars will be filled by taking equal aliquots of sediment from each section of material in successive order. 5.4 Sample Containerization and Labeling Sample containers for this Project will be supplied from commercial suppliers or subcontracted laboratories. Sample containers will be cleaned to the quality standards defined in EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Directive # A. Certification of sample container quality per the OSWER directive will be kept in the project file. Prior to use, the sample containers will be visually inspected for cracks, chips, or other damage. Damaged sample containers will not be used and will be disposed in the proper waste receptacle. SOP #26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, September 2017 Handling, and Tracking 3

64 A label will be attached to each bottle used for sampling. Each label will be filled out with waterproof ink or be electronically printed utilizing a computer program, and will contain, at a minimum, the following information: Sample identification number; Date/time of sample collection; Sampler s initials; Required analyses; and Type of preservative (as applicable). When practical, the above identification will be typed or printed onto the label before sampling. Once affixed to the sample container, the label will be protected from water and solvents with clear packing tape. 5.5 Sample Preservation Analysis-specific preservation requirements are outlined in Worksheets #19 and #30 in the UFP- QAPP (Tetra Tech, 2017a). All samples requiring preservation to 4 C will be placed on ice immediately upon containerization and labeling. Subcontracted laboratories will provide sampling containers pre-preserved (i.e., containing a pre-determined amount of the required preservative) as appropriate for aqueous samples, including rinsate blanks. In cases where field adjustment of ph may be necessary (i.e., non-pre-preserved bottleware, ph of sample water significantly different than presumed), the procedures outlined below will be followed for the appropriate analyses. Documentation of equipment and methods used in fieldadjustment of ph/preservation, will be maintained in the field logbook. The chemicals and amounts used will be recorded. 1. Using a pipette, add 0.2 milliliters (four to five drops) of the appropriate preservation chemical (e.g., nitric acid for metals, sulfuric acid for total organic carbon) to the sample. 2. Close the bottle and gently invert it several times to mix the preservative with the sample. 3. Pour a small aliquot (a few drops) of the sample into a separate vial. 4. Test the aliquot in the vial with colorimetric ph paper appropriate to the ph being tested. If the ph of the sample is greater than the preservation requirement (typically ph<2), lower the ph of the aqueous sample by adding additional preservation chemical. 5. Repeat this process until the correct ph is achieved. The separate aliquots used for testing the ph will be disposed in accordance with the Waste Management Plan. 5.6 Sample Handling and Shipping After filling a sample container, the cap will be affixed tightly by the field staff. The outside of each sample container will be cleaned by wiping it off with a clean paper towel. Field personnel SOP #26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, September 2017 Handling, and Tracking 4

65 will verify that residual sediment has been removed from the outside of the container, and from the area under and around the cap. The sample containers will then be paced inside a sealable plastic bag. For shipment to the laboratory, the samples (pre-cooled as required) will be placed in a metal or hard plastic cooler that has been lined with a large plastic bag. The drains on the ice chest will be sealed (if present) with shipping tape or plug the drains with a silicone sealant or a similar inert substance. Samples in larger glass containers will be wrapped in bubble wrap (bottom half of container only to allow contact with ice) to minimize the possibility of container breakage. Samples will be packed with sufficient wet ice (enclosed in double-bagged sealable plastic bags) or blue ice (if appropriate) to keep the samples cool to 4 C (as applicable), or frozen. Sufficient ice will be used to accommodate reasonable delays in shipment. A temperature blank provided by the analytical laboratory will be included with each cooler in the shipment. A chain of custody form will be filled out (by hand or via an electronic computer program) by the field personnel as samples are collected. Information to be recorded on the chain of custody include: sample identification, sample matrix, sample date/time of collection, number of containers, analytical methodology, preservation (as applicable), and any other pertinent information the sampler deems necessary and appropriate. A completed chain of custody form must be included with all sample transfers/shipments. Prior to sealing for shipment, the list of samples will be checked against the container contents to verify the presence of each sample listed on the chain of custody. If the samples are couriered directly from the Project field office, the chain of custody form will not be placed inside the cooler. The sample cooler(s) will be secured, with custody seals affixed over the lid opening in at least two locations, and the cooler wrapped with strapping tape (without obscuring the custody seals). Orientation this end up arrows will be drawn or attached on two sides of the cooler. The chain of custody form will be signed by the receiver (e.g., the courier, the laboratory sample custodian) when he/she accepts possession of the samples, and a signed copy will be retained by the Project team. When the samples are being sent by an overnight delivery service (e.g., Federal Express) to the laboratory, the chain of custody form and any other paperwork will be checked against the sample labels and field documentation, and then placed in a waterproof sealable plastic bag and taped securely to the inside lid of the cooler. Since custody forms are sealed inside the sample cooler and custody seals remain intact, commercial carriers are not required to sign the chain of custody form. The cooler must then be secured, with custody seals affixed over the lid opening in at least two locations, and the cooler wrapped with strapping tape (without obscuring the custody seals). Custody seals will only be removed by laboratory personnel upon receipt of the container. Orientation this end up arrows will be drawn or attached on two sides of the cooler, and a completed overnight delivery service shipping label will be attached to the top or handle of the cooler (via a luggage tag ). If attached to the top of the cooler, wide, clear tape should be used to secure the label to the lid to prevent the shipping address label from being accidentally peeled off the cooler top. If the shipping label is attached to a luggage tag handle on the cooler, a zip tie or other securing device should be used around the tag and handle. SOP #26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, September 2017 Handling, and Tracking 5

66 If specific sample analyses require special arrangements (e.g., expedited turnaround times, short holding times, etc.), it may be prudent, for both sample and data tracking reasons, to ship them separately under a different chain of custody form. Also, as applicable, separate chains of custody may be completed for samples from different field tasks. For ice chests containing rinsate blanks for dioxin/furan analysis that are shipped via overnight delivery service, flammable liquids labels shall be affixed to the outside of the shipping container, and a dangerous goods declaration form will be completed as required by the overnight carrier. Any modifications to these procedures based on field conditions will be documented. 5.7 Sample Tracking A copy of each completed chain of custody will be stored at the Project field office. Electronic copies of the chains of custody will be provided by the field staff to the Project Manager for the laboratory(ies) to which the samples are being shipped, GHD personnel, the applicable Field Lead, and the QA/QC Lead (and others as applicable). A running tally of samples shipped for laboratory analyses will be maintained during the Project. This tracking tally will include sample identification and location information, assignment of field quality control samples (e.g., field duplicates, matrix spike/matrix spike duplicates), requested analyses, and assigned laboratory. At least weekly, this tally will be reviewed against the table of proposed samples from within each of the individual task Work Plans. Any discrepancies will be brought to the attention of GHD personnel, the applicable Field Lead, and the QA/QC Lead (and others as applicable) for resolution. 6.0 REFERENCES EPA, Sampler s Guide: Contract Laboratory Program Guidance for Field Samplers. OSWER EPA-540-R October NJDEP, Field Sampling Procedures Manual. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. August Tetra Tech. 2017a. Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP) [Field Sampling Plan (FSP) and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)]. Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April Tetra Tech. 2017b. Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April SOP #26 Sample Containerization, Preservation, September 2017 Handling, and Tracking 6

67 Standard Operating Procedure #28 Ground-Penetrating Radar Testing Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glen Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

68 LIST OF ACRONYMS ASTM HASP GPR SOP UFP-QAPP American Society for Testing and Materials Health and Safety Plan Ground-Penetrating Radar Standard Operating Procedure Uniform Federal Policy-Quality Assurance Project Plan SOP Ground-Penetrating Radar Testing September 2017 i

69 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) establishes standards for performing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) testing for location of buried anchors for bulkhead walls. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD GPR is a geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. This nondestructive method uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave band (ultra-high frequency/very high frequency) of the radio spectrum, and detects the reflected signals from subsurface structures. GPR can have applications in a variety of media, including rock, soil, ice, fresh water, pavements, and structures. GPR uses high-frequency (usually polarized) radio waves, usually in the range 10 megahertz to 2.6 gigahertz. A GPR transmitter emits electromagnetic energy into the ground. When the energy encounters a buried object or a boundary between materials having different permittivities, it may be reflected or refracted or scattered back to the surface. A receiving antenna can then record the variations in the return signal. The principles involved are similar to seismology, except GPR methods implement electromagnetic energy rather than acoustic energy, and energy may be reflected at boundaries where subsurface electrical properties change rather than subsurface mechanical properties as is the case with seismic energy. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the Project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Ground-Penetrating Radar PPE specified in the HASP Measuring tape Marking paint Daily Activity Log and/or field logbook 5.0 PROCEDURES 1 Lay out a series of lines on the upland side of walls to be investigated, within the area of suspected anchors. Space out parallel lines at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 feet from the wall. The lines should be 60 to 80 feet. Station each line from the same end. 2 Conduct GPR survey in accordance with ASTM D6432, Standard Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation. Conduct survey by the reflection profiling method along each line. 3 Collect data indicating station and line number for each trace. SOP Ground-Penetrating Radar Testing September

70 4 Interpret the data to identify locations where steel bars are indicated by ringing or hyperbolic reflector indications in the record. 5 Plot locations of steel bars indicated in the GPR record on a scale drawing at the locations where detected along each line. 6.0 QUALITY The data quality objectives are included in the Project Uniform Federal Policy-Quality Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP; Tetra Tech, 2017b) and clarify the quality requirements and objectives of the program to support data end use decisions. 7.0 DOCUMENTATION The Field Engineer will be responsible for documenting test activities using a Daily Activity Log to record all relevant information for field sampling procedures. 8.0 REFERENCES ASTM D Standard Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume Tetra Tech. 2017a. Health and Safety Plan, Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 0, April Tetra Tech. 2017b. Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan (UFP-QAPP) [Field Sampling Plan (FSP) and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)]. Remedial Design Lower 8.3 Miles of the Lower Passaic River, Operable Unit Two of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, In and About Essex, Hudson, Bergen and Passaic Counties New Jersey. Parsippany, New Jersey. Revision 2, August SOP Ground-Penetrating Radar Testing September

71 Standard Operating Procedure #29 Parallel Seismic Testing Prepared by: Tetra Tech Prepared for: Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc. September 2017

72 LIST OF ACRONYMS HASP PPE PVC SOP Health and Safety Plan Personal Protective Equipment Polyvinyl Chloride Standard Operating Procedure SOP Parallel Seismic Testing September 2017 i

73 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) establishes standards for performing parallel seismic testing. 2.0 SUMMARY OF METHOD The parallel seismic method is used to determine the unknown depth of foundations, usually piles. The method is based on generating an acoustic impulse at the top of the pile (created by striking the top of the pile with a sledgehammer). The resulting travel times of the impulse are measured in a borehole parallel to the foundation. This method of testing is applicable to many different foundation types including wood piles, concrete piles, pile walls, and sheet piles. 3.0 SAFETY All work must be performed under the approved Health and Safety Plan (HASP; Tetra Tech, 2017) for the project. The HASP identifies proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and potential site/work hazards. Daily safety meetings will be conducted before work begins. 4.0 APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe; 2-inch or larger Schedule 40 PVC pipe, sized to fit geophones, installed in a borehole within 10 feet of the structure Seismograph Equipment; Borehole geophone(s) Seismograph Equipment; Exploration seismograph Sledge hammer Trigger switch Cables Daily Activity Log and/or field logbook 5.0 PROCEDURES At each pile to be tested, a borehole is drilled within 10 feet of the pile in question. A tri-axial geophone is lowered into the hole and clamped at various depths to obtain readings of the arrival times from the impulse generated by the hammer. While the geophone is beside the pile, plotted first arrival times versus depth have a linear trend whose slope is a function of the velocity of sound in the material of the pile (typically steel or wood). This is because the only appreciable change in the travel path measured for first arrivals is through the pile itself as the measurement depth is increased. Once the geophone passes the end of the pile, the travel path (and therefore travel time) through the pile remains a constant, and the increase in measured travel times at greater depths is due to the additional time required for the impulse to travel through the sediment between the pile and the geophone. This means that at any points deeper than the bottom of the pile, plotted first arrival times versus depth have a linear trend whose slope is dependent on the velocity of sound in the sediment material. Velocity within the sediment is typically significantly slower than velocity within the pile, therefore resulting in a change in the slope of the measured first arrival times. SOP Parallel Seismic Testing September

74 A diagram depicting the testing setup, as well as the equations governing the first arrival times follow. 1 Parallel seismic testing setup with downhole geeophone beside pile. 2 Parallel seismic testing setup with downhole geophone beneath pile. The above figures depict the parallel seismic testing setup for when the geophone is beside the pile (left) and when the geophone is beneath the pile (right). Here z is the depth of the geophone, L is the pile length, and D is the distance between the pile and water filled borehole. The path indicated in red is the travel path for the acoustic impulse which leads to the first arrival of the signal. The arrival times for the acoustic impulse are governed by the following two equations: Beside the pile: tt = zz vv pppppppp + DD vv ssssssssssssssss Beneath the pile: tt = LL vv pppppppp + (zz LL)2 + DD 2 vv ssssssssssssssss SOP Parallel Seismic Testing September