Carbon Dioxide Sequestration / Generation and Top Side Equipment in Support of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Enhanced Geothermal Systems, or Both!

Transcription

1 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration / Generation Top Side Equipment in Support Enhanced Oil Recovery, Enhanced Geormal Systems, or Both! SMU Geormal Conference 4 November 2009 Presented by: Paul M. Dunn, USN SES (ret.) COO, Co-Authors: Rick Mobley, CEO, Plma Energy Greg Gutoski, Technical Director, Fairbanks Morse Engine 4 November 2009, Page 1

2 Bottom Line Up Front Next generation Enhanced Geormal Systems (EGS) Tertiary Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) may have at let one thing in common, supercritical CO2 G Equipment Engineering Corporation, founded in 1921 a producer CO2, h teamed with Plma Energy, Fairbanks Morse Engine, many ors in several efts which pursue common need low cost topping systems that enable research broader development EGS-CO2 Tertiary EOR, well new lower or zero emission power generation technology NAVY1 85 MW Calinia 1987 IOC 4 November 2009, Page 2

3 Introductions GEECO GEECO is is a a supplier supplier custom, custom, high high permance permance Air Air Separation Separation Units Units specialty specialty g g equipment equipment to to US US Navy Navy or or very very deming deming customers customers Fairbanks Fairbanks Morse Morse Engine Engine is is original original U.S. U.S. manufacturer manufacturer today's today's premier premier provider provider customized customized medium-speed medium-speed engine engine systems systems generator generator sets, sets, diesel diesel or or dual dual fuel, fuel, from from ~1 ~1 to to over over MW. MW. Primary Primary markets markets include include stationary stationary power power generation generation commercial, commercial, industrial industrial nuclear nuclear customers customers marine marine propulsion propulsion United United States States Navy Navy US US Cot Cot Guard. Guard. PLASMA PLASMA Energy Energy Technologies, Technologies, Inc. Inc. h h created created a a carbon carbon capture capture technology technology fossil fossil fuel fuel powered powered generation generation plants. plants. Solid Solid or or liquid liquid sulfurous sulfurous fuels fuels such such coal, coal, pet pet coke coke or or heavy heavy oil oil fractions fractions can can be be utilized utilized all all carbon carbon or or carbon carbon dioxide dioxide (CO2) (CO2) emissions, emissions, 99.9% 99.9% sulfur sulfur dioxide dioxide are are captured. captured. 4 November 2009, Page 3

4 EGS / EOR Working Fluid: High Pressure Water or Carbon Dioxide? Recent Recent technical technical papers papers have have exposed exposed concept concept CO2, CO2, a a supercritical supercritical fluid, fluid, an an alternative alternative to to high high pressure pressure water water EGS EGS Enhanced Enhanced Geo-Thermal Geo-Thermal Systems, Systems, Comparing Comparing CO2 CO2 Water Water Heat Heat Transmission Transmission Fluids, Fluids, Pruess, Pruess, Enhanced Enhanced Geo-Thermal Geo-Thermal Systems, Systems, Using Using CO2 CO2 a a Working Working Fluid Fluid A Novel Novel Approach Approach Generation Generation Renewable Renewable Energy Energy with with Simultaneous Simultaneous Sequestration Sequestration Carbon, Carbon, Pruess, Pruess, August August On On Production Production Behavior Behavior Enhanced Enhanced Geo- Geo- Thermal Thermal Systems Systems with with CO2 CO2 a a Working Working Fluid, Fluid, Pruess, Pruess, February February CO2 CO2 Thermo-Siphon Thermo-Siphon Competitive Competitive Geo- Geo- Thermal Thermal Power Power Generation, Generation, Atrens Atrens et et al, al, October October Tertiary Tertiary EOR, EOR, using using supercritical supercritical CO2, CO2, will will incree incree yield yield / / field field production production in in many many ces. ces. Combination Combination technology technology is is possible, possible, but but re re have have been been barriers barriers Which Which we we think think we we can can remove remove 4 November 2009, Page 4

5 One Example Benefit CO2 EOR Weyburn, SK Canada Enhanced Oil Recovery CO 2 Flood Model 4 November 2009, Page 5

6 Geormal Potential And CO2 EGS Enables Greater Exploitation Of Geormal Energy Geormal today is exclusively in are high heat flow. Exploitation geormal is possible nearly anywhere in lower 48, but lower reservoir temperatures will incree pumping power burden. CO2 EGS rmal siphon eliminates pumping penalty. Geormal Today 4 November 2009, Page 6

7 Development Top Side Equipment Concept Simplistic Water EGS Electrical Power Hot HP Water Organic Rankine Gen. Fill Here Water Treatment & Filtration Hot Water & Brine from hole return Msive Water Pump System HP G Vent (if needed) Production Injection One (or more) very deep holes 4 November 2009, Page 7

8 Development Top Side Equipment Concept Bic CO2 EGS Thermal Siphon with Optional Power Turbine Electrical Power Power Exper (optional) HP CO2 Organic Rankine Gen. Fill Here G Hling, Pumping & Control Hot MP/HP CO2 or g from hole return Condense & Separate CO2 CO2 HP G Vent One (or more) very deep holes 4 November 2009, Page 8

9 700.0 EGS Working Fluid Temperature Pressure: Total Vertical Path CO2 H2O, ,000 FT GEECO Preliminary Model comparing working fluid temperature pressure vs. path length CO2 H2O reveals a strong rmal siphon -- CO2 will not require a pump, unlike water. CO2 Pressure (atm) CO2 Temperature (deg F) Water Pressure (atm) Water Temperature (deg F) Vertical Path, Down-Up, (feet) 4 November 2009, Page 9

10 Efficiency Advantage EGS CO2 vs. EGS Water In previous example, at 70% efficiency, EGS-H2O pump consumes over 1/3 rd generated power. EGS-CO2 does not require a pump. EGS-CO2 direct to turbine h potential to generate almost triple power EGS Water. kw EGS - Water EGS - CO2 EGS - CO2 Direct to Turbine 4 November 2009, Page 10

11 EGS Working Fluid: High Pressure Water or Carbon Dioxide? High Pressure Water Well understood Reacts with bedrock Direct use steam problematic Mobility low pressure drop high at depth Viscosity / Density not favorable Very high pumping power Could be ~40% gross power High specific heat Temperature loss up-hole can be low (heat transfer driven) Cheap (working fluid price) At let locally The yellows greens are interesting, but barrier to date, with a big B, is purche price CO2 Super Critical Carbon Dioxide Not well understood Reacts with bedrock, but most part favorably After development, direct use working fluid in machinery may be possible Mobility higher pressure drop lower than water at depth Viscosity / Density favorable Negative pumping power Strong rmal siphon Lower specific heat than water But more than compensated by flow rate Temperature loss up-hole more complex Think isentropic expansion Lost CO2 in process is sequestered in deep rock (carbonates) And that by itself is good Very high purche price And carbon credits are currently trading at low values 4 November 2009, Page 11

12 How Much CO2? EOR Will in General Use More (per acre) than EGS, but even EGS Uses a Lot 75 Normalized Reservoir Volumetric Power 50 Density (We / M^3) 25 Notional CO2 Cost Barrier $4M per MWe The ms CO2 required to charge a given reservoir is a function density (average at temperature depth), volume, porosity The dot is at ~$4M per MWe, e.g. 50 MW, 1 km^3 0.1% porosity 700 ktons CO2 $300/ton Reservoir Rock Porosity A big barrier early implementation EGS-CO2 is CO2 cost / technical risk 4 November 2009, Page 12

13 Removing CO2 Cost Barrier Highly efficient, highly non-emissive power systems can be operated with enriched air (or pure oxygen) The NOx emission problem can essentially go away; enabling higher combustion temperatures / greater efficiency From refined fuels, using a FME Dual Fuel genset, modified closed cycle with EGR, exhaust stream can be essentially pure CO2 water From unrefined fuels, using a Plma Energy process, same pure geous exhaust exists, metal / salt particulates are captured Since both concepts generate net power, power can be sold or used in lieu purched power, effective cost barrier CO2 is removed Removing CO2 cost barrier enables (reduces cost ) EGS-CO2 research & demonstration work now ultimately enables broader deployment EGS-CO2 Tertiary EOR 4 November 2009, Page 13

14 Diesel Hybrid CO2 EGS Working Fluid Generation Processing (EGR EA) LP Fuel Air N2 G Hling, Pumping & Control MP Fuel MP Enriched Air Electrical Power Diesel / Dual Fuel Engine Generator Exhaust Recirculation CO2 Rich Diluent G MP Hot G N2 CO2 H2O Electrical Power Organic Rankine Gen. MP Warm G (Condense) & Separate H2O H2O (l) Electrical Power MP CO2, N2 Power Exper (optional) CO2 Organic Rankine Gen. HP CO2 HP N2 G Hling, Pumping & Control G Hling, Pumping & Control Hot HP CO2 or g from hole return Condense & Separate CO2 HP G Vent One (or more) very deep holes A simplistic version Plma Energy Process looks similar, with combustion system in lieu Genset G Proprietary: Equipment G Engineering Equipment Engineering Corporation Corporation 4 November 2009, Page 14

15 Air Enrichment is Key The FME diesel can use a lower purity oxygen from a Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorber (VPSA) Effect Enriched Air, Diesel Hybrid System Effect Enrichment Engine Inlet Net Engine Exhaust (After Recirculation) O2 N2 Ar N2 Removal N2 / Argon Air 21.0% 79.0% 1.0% Comp. Red. VPSA Product 66.0% 30.9% 3.1% 60.9% 59.9% VPSA Product 80.0% 16.2% 3.8% 79.5% 78.5% VPSA Product 94.0% 1.5% 4.5% 98.1% 97.1% The Plma Energy System will use clsic GEECO low pressure cryogenic ASU (>99.5% O2) The use oxygen enables Plma Energy process, FME enriched air reduces compressor power sociated with g separation (Nitrogen) by over an order magnitude 4 November 2009, Page 15

16 Net Cost CO2 FME Dual Fuel Example with Natural G (70 psi) Net Cost CO2, Diesel Hybrid System 3 MW Generator, 1391 lbm/hr Natural Fuel Cost $372 / hr Net Cost CO2 per Ton Net Revenue Generating Power Net Cost CO2 Generator Output CO2 & N2 Comp. PVSA Net CHP Net Buying / Selling Electric Rate ($ per kw-hr) per Ton (kwe) (hp) (hp) (kwe) (kwe) $0.05 $0.10 $0.15 $0.20 Ce 1, 180% Excess Air, 0% N2 / Inert Adsorbtion $ $ $ $ Ce 2, 180% Excess Air, 60% N2 / Inert Adsorbtion $ $85.64 $31.27 ($23.11) Ce 3, 180% Excess Air, 78% N2 / Inert Adsorbtion $ $73.73 $13.40 ($46.94) Ce 4, 180% Excess Air, 97% N2 / Inert Adsorbtion $ $61.82 ($4.47) ($70.76) Our FME design goal is bically Ce 4 94% Oxygen (balance mostly Argon) to engine Reduction in inert compression power to capture CO2 97% Net cost CO2 $0.00 at $0.14 / kw-hr electricity (with expensive g) 4 November 2009, Page 16

17 Plma Energy Thermal CO2 System Flexibility High temperature oxygen combustion system with flexibility to combust lower-cost, lower rank solid or liquid fuels Provides high quality rmal inputs with zero greenhouse g emissions Pure CO2 stream with complete carbon sulfur capture Modular in-field cogen system designed to operate in harsh field condition The net result will usually be a lower break even point with respect to local electric rate than with refined fuels 4 November 2009, Page 17

18 Outlook / Plans GEECO our partners plan to demonstrate se capabilities, including ultimately EGS / EOR portion We believe GEECO / FME Dual Fuel approach will work in modular manner, it can go anywhere re is refined fuel, produce CO2 The Plma Energy System, though it h a lower cycle efficiency on power conversion side (rankine /or kalina cycle) than a diesel, will ten be right answer since it can burn anything that exists in an oil field / refinery is also adaptable to existing fixed power station conversion (higher power levels) Furr gains are possible via greater integration with oil field processes, integration EGS EOR, alternative cycles / machinery GEECO, Plma, FME are dedicated to new solutions to Nation s current future energy crisis that have substantial environmental, energy security, cost benefit look ward to working with all you 4 November 2009, Page 18

19 Summary Next generation Enhanced Geormal Systems (EGS) Tertiary Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) may have at let one thing in common, supercritical CO2 G Equipment Engineering Corporation, founded in 1921 a producer CO2, h teamed with Plma Energy, Fairbanks Morse Engine, many ors in several efts which pursue common need low cost topping systems that enable research broader development EGS- CO2 Tertiary EOR, well new lower or zero emission power generation technology 4 November 2009, Page 19

20 Contact Paul M. Dunn, COO, GEECO (203) Rick Mobley, CEO, Plma Energy (860) Greg Gutoski, TD, Fairbanks Morse Engine (608) November 2009, Page 20