UPDATING THE SAN FRANCISCO GREEN BUILDING CODE CALGreen 2016 and LEED v4 Assessment

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1 Report for the SAN FRANCISCO DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT UPDATING THE SAN FRANCISCO GREEN BUILDING CODE CALGreen 2016 and LEED v4 Assessment June 2016 FINAL DRAFT Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture

2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction... 1 Updating the San Francisco Green Building Code... 1 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen)... 1 LEED v Credit by Credit Analysis... 3 CALGreen Residential Mandatory Measures... 3 CALGreen Non-Residential Mandatory Measures... 8 Summary of Findings Alignment of CALGreen and LEED v The Cost of LEED v Recommendations Appendixes A: Infographics: Changes from LEED 2009 to LEED v B: LEED 2009 and LEED v4 Gold Rating Comparison Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 0

3 Introduction Updating the San Francisco Green Building Code Since 2008, the City and County of San Francisco (CCSF) has required all new large commercial buildings < 25,000 GSF to be built to achieve a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification standard and the required certification level has increased over time. When the San Francisco Green Building Ordinance was first adopted in 2008, the requirement was based on LEED v2.2 as published by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC). The California Building Standards Code, Title 24 serves as the basis for the design and construction of buildings in California and these codes are updated on a triennial cycle. The USGBC also periodically updates its LEED rating systems to reflect increasing ability of green building projects to achieve higher levels of building performance. With the 2010 California code cycle, San Francisco s Green Building Code was updated to align itself with the current 2010 Title 24 requirements, including 2010 Title 24, CALGreen and later updated itself to meet the requirements of LEED v2009. With the 2013 code cycle, the San Francisco Green Building Ordinance became the San Francisco Green Building Code (SFGBC) and again was updated to align with 2013 Title 24 requirements. Alternative compliance paths also exist under the SFGBC other than LEED certification. In October 31, 2016 the USGBC will cease to accept project registrations for LEED v2009 certification. After that, projects can only register and pursue LEED v4 certification. In order to maintain alignment of the SFGBC with LEED v4, the San Francisco Department of Environment has requested that the Atelier 10/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture perform a review of LEED v4 in combination with 2016 Title 24, Part 6, CALGreen Mandatory measures, the California Title 24, Part 6, Energy Code, and relevant local requirements. This study examines the relationship of mandatory measures in 2016 Title 24, CALGreen and LEED v4 and provides recommendations to the San Francisco Department of Environment for updating the San Francisco Green Building Code. California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) CALGreen was created to improve public health, safety and welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings. It mandates and encourages sustainable construction practices in planning & design, energy efficiency, water efficiency & conservation, material conservation and resource efficiency, and environmental quality. The residential mandatory measures are provided in chapter 4 and the non-residential ones in chapter 5 of CALGreen Code. CALGreen does not regulate energy efficiency (both for residential and nonresidential structures), instead remanding it to the California Energy Commission (CEC) and its California Energy Code. At the time of this report, a full version of CALGreen 2016 has not yet been published. This study assumes that the list of all proposed amendments posted on the California Building Standards Commission s website is comprehensive, and that all changes will be included in the new version of CALGreen. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 1

4 LEED v4 Over the past decade, LEED has expanded from one standard for new construction to a broader set of interrelated standards covering design and construction to the operation and maintenance of buildings. LEED standards have been applied to over 80,000 registered and certified LEED projects worldwide, covering more than 13 billion square feet. Unlike model building codes like the International Building Code, only USGBC members and specific committees may edit the standard, subject to an internal review process. Proposals to modify the LEED standards are offered and publicly reviewed by USGBC's member organizations. In 2013, the USGBC membership approved major changes to the LEED rating system, now referred to as LEED v4. These modifications raise the bar for green building certification. Strategies that earned credit under LEED 2009, in some cases, are now prerequisites under v4. Some credits have fallen away from the rating system entirely or been bundled together. Some credits and a credit category are entirely new. The diagrams in Appendix A visually depict the shift of prerequisites and credits from LEED 2009 to LEED v4. LEED v4 does not include a numbering system like that of earlier versions. Without it, industry professionals have adopted a numbering system that numbers credits in the order they appear in the rating system. For the purposes of this credit-by-credit comparison, this numbering system is used.. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 2

5 Credit by Credit Analysis The following is a comparative analysis between the "2016 California Green Building Code" (CALGreen or CG-2016) and the third party rating system "Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - Building Design & Construction, New Construction version 4" (LEED v4). The analysis compares CALGreen 2016 code mandatory measures against LEED v4 prerequisites & credits with similar intent. The purpose of the comparison is to identify the alignment of LEED credits compared to CALGreen 2016 code mandatory. CALGreen Residential Mandatory Measures Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG SSp1 Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Storm water drainage and retention during construction Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Develop and implement a plan to manage storm water drainage during construction. All projects must have a SWPP plan that meets State national Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPEDS) The requirements for CALGreen and LEED are the same. CG Grading and paving Indicate how site grading or a drainage system will manage all surface water flows to keep water from entering buildings. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Electric vehicle (EV) charging for new construction LTc8 Green Vehicles Provide capability for electric vehicle charging in one- and two-family dwellings and in townhouses with attached private garages; and 3% of total parking spaces, as specified, for multifamily dwellings. Provide 5% "Preferred Parking" (carpool/vanpool not included) for green vehicles AND Provide EV supply equipment in 2% of all parking spaces. CALGreen is more stringent than LEED. The CALGreen measure requires 3% of total parking spaces to be equipped with EV charging, while the LEED credit threshold is 2%. LEED includes an additional requirement for 5% of parking spaces to be marked as Preferred Parking for green vehicles. CG Energy Efficiency EAp2 EAc1 Minimum Energy Performance Optimize Energy Performance Meets or exceeds the requirements of the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Demonstrate an energy cost reduction compared to ASHRAE (5% New Construction, 3% Major Renovations, 2% Core and Shell) Use whole building energy simulation to demonstrate increased energy cost reduction compared to ASHRAE CALGreen (Title 24, Part 6) is more stringent than LEED v4 (ASHRAE ). A report titled Energy Efficiency Comparison: California's 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards and ASHRAE/IESNA Standard helps answer the question of which energy efficiency requirements are more stringent between CALGreen and LEED. That report concludes that estimated energy use for nonresidential buildings of California's 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards exceed the energy savings expected from the commercial building requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard It is expected that this would remain true for a comparison to Title 24, Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 3

6 Code/ Rating System CG-2016 Reference Number Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Water conserving plumbing fixtures and fittings Meet the following flow rate requirements: 1) WC: 1.28 gpf 2) urinal: 0.5 gpf 3) wall-mounted urinal: gpf 4) showerhead: 2 gpm 5) residential lavatory faucet: 1.5 gpm 6) public area lavatory faucet: 0.5 gpm 7) kitchen faucet: 1.8 gpm 8) metering faucet: 0.25 gal/cycle CALGreen is more stringent than LEED v4. On April 1, 2015, Governor Jerry Brown released Executive Order B mandating emergency regulations that would improve the efficiency of water appliances including toilets and faucets in new and existing buildings. CALGreen sets maximum prescriptive flow rates for bathroom and kitchen plumbing fixtures, while LEED follows a performance approach with a water budget. CALGreen builds off the California Plumbing Code updates, with fixture flow rates now more stringent than LEED WEp2 WEc2 Standards for plumbing fixtures and fittings Prerequisite: Indoor Water Use Reduction Indoor Water Use Reduction 25%-50% Install plumbing fixtures and fittings in accordance with the California Plumbing Code. Reduce water consumption by 20% from a baseline. Address fixtures & fittings, appliances, equipment, and processes. Further reduce fixture and fitting water use from the calculated baseline in WEp2. On average, California's fixture requirements are 29% lower than LEED's baseline requirements. The amount of potable water reduced against LEED's baseline would vary project to project, as it depends on the final count of fixtures throughout the building. But it is reasonable to expect a project meeting CALGreen requirements would easily achieve the LEED prerequisite for Indoor Water Use Reduction and also earn 2 points for a 30% reduction under the LEED credit. CG WEp1 WEc1 Outdoor potable water use in landscape areas Prerequisite: Outdoor Water Use Reduction Outdoor Water Use Reduction Landscapes greater than or equal to 500 square feet must comply with California Department of Water Resources' Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) or a local ordinance, whichever is more stringent Option 1: No irrigation required. Option 2: Reduce irrigation demand by 30% from a calculated baseline using the EPA WaterSense Water Budget tool. Option 1: No irrigation required. Option 2: Reduce irrigation demand by 50% (1 point) or 100% (2 points) from a calculated baseline using the EPA WaterSense Water Budget tool. CALGreen (MWELO) is more stringent than LEED v4 (EPA WaterSense). In response to California s drought, the state's irrigation requirements have become more stringent than LEED. Landscape irrigation must meet the Model Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (MWELO). This ordinance, like LEED, sets a maximum allowable water allowance for a project site based on local evapotranspiration. The method for establishing this water budget is identical between MWELO and LEED's WaterSense approach. MWELO requires a water use reduction between 45-55%, depending on site use conditions, and also requires an audit report to be filed from a certified landscape irrigation auditor. LEED's prerequisite requires a 30% reduction from a baseline, easily achieved by designing to the MWELO standard. Further, it's reasonable to expect a MWELO compliant project to earn at least 1 point for a 50% reduction in outdoor water use. CG Rodent proofing N/A N/A N/A Protect annular spaces at exterior walls against passage of rodents with cement mortar, concrete masonry, or similar. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 4

7 Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG MRp2 MRc5 Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Construction waste management Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning Construction and Demolition Waste Management Develop a Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan and identify a 65% diversion goal. Use a waste management company to provide verifiable documentation. Or generate less than 3.4 lbs/sf of construction waste Develop a Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan. Identify at least five materials for landfill diversion. Estimate their contribution to overall project waste. Specify diversion strategies and identify recycling facilities. Option 1: Divert 50% of waste and 3 material streams (1 point), or 75% of waste and 4 material streams (2 points). Option 2: Generate less than 2.5 lbs/sf of construction waste CALGreen and LEED are not aligned, but they are similar. Both CALGreen and LEED require development of a Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan. CALGreen requires the plan to identify a 65% Diversion goal, where the LEED prerequisite only requires an estimate. CALGreen requires the use of a waste management company to provide verifiable documentation and LEED does not. The LEED credit has two options. For one point, a project must divert 50% of three material streams or 75% of four material streams for two points. Excavated soil, land clearing debris and alternative daily cover (ADC) must be excluded from diversion calculations for both CALGreen and LEED. Both CALGreen and the LEED credit provide an alternative waste reduction strategy that allows the project to comply by not generating more than 3.4 lbs or 2.5 lbs of construction waste per square foot of building's floor area respectively. CG Operations and maintenance manual Develop an O&M manual with maintenance instructions for project equipment and systems. Also include information on recycling programs, public transit options, solar energy incentive programs, and special inspection verifications. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Recycling by occupants MRp1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Where 5 or more multifamily dwelling units are constructed on a building site, provide an area that serve the entire building and are identified for the depositing, storage, and collection of nonhazardous materials for recycling and organic waste. Provide dedicated areas for the collection and storage of recyclable materials, including mixed paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals, batteries, mercury-containing lamps, and electronic waste. CALGreen and LEED have nearly identical recycling requirements. CALGreen requires organic waste, where LEED does not. The USGBC has deemed the CALGreen measure and the LEED prerequisite to be functionally equivalent. See the CALGreen Alternative Documentation Path Guidance Document (2015) for further information. CG EQc3 Covering of duct openings and protection of mechanical equipment during construction Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan Cover duct openings and protect mechanical equipment during construction to reduce the amount of dust, water, and debris which may enter the system. Meet SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction. Use MERV 8 filters. Prohibit tobacco products inside building and within 25 feet of the building entrance during construction. These two CALGreen mandatory measures combined are nearly functionally equivalent to the LEED credit for IAQ management during construction. Both CALGreen and LEED reference the same standard, Control Measures for SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under Construction, and require MERV8 filters during construction. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 5

8 Code/ Rating System Reference Number Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results CG Adhesives, sealants and caulks Adhesives, adhesive bonding primers, adhesive primers, sealants, sealant primers and caulks comply with SCAQMD Rule Aerosol adhesives comply with state VOC standards. CALGreen references several acceptable certifications. LEED's reference standard is one of the acceptable CALGreen criteria. EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). Adhesives and sealants must comply with CDPH Standard Method V or SCAQMD Rule 1168 CG Paints and Coatings Comply with VOC limits in the California Air Resources Board, Architectural Coatings Suggested Control Measure Aerosol Paints and Coatings Comply with VOC limits in the BAQMD Rule 49 EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). Paints and coatings must comply with VOC limits in the California Air Resources Board, Architectural Coatings Suggested Control Measure 2007 and CDPH Standard Method V or SCAQMD Rule 1113 The reference standards in CALGreen and LEED are the same. CG Carpet systems All interior carpet must meet one of the following 1) Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Plus Program 2) CDPH Standard Method V ) NSF/ANSI 140 Gold or higher 4) Scientific Certification Systems Indoor Advantage Gold. Carpet cushion must meet CRI Green Label program, and carpet adhesives must meet SCAQMD Rule 1168 CALGreen references several acceptable certifications. LEED's reference standard (CDPH Standard Method V ) is one of the acceptable CALGreen criteria. EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). 100% of resilient flooring must adhere to CDPH Standard Method V CG Resilient flooring systems For 80% of resilient flooring area in building, install flooring which meets one of the following: 1) RFCI FloorScore Certified 2) CDPH Standard Method V ) Certified as CHPD Low-Emitting Material in the CHPS product database 4) UL Greenguard Gold Certified LEED v4 is more stringent than CALGreen.LEED requires 100% of resilient flooring to comply compared to only 80% for CALGreen. CALGreen references several acceptable VOC emission standards, but LEED only allows the California Department of Public Health Standard Method v EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). 100% of resilient flooring must adhere to CDPH Standard Method V Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 6

9 Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG Composite wood products Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Hardwood plywood, particleboard, and MDF composite wood products used on the interior or exterior must meet formaldehyde requirements of the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) CALGreen and LEED use the same reference standards to document compliance. EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). 100% of composite wood must adhere to California Air Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) CG Concrete slab foundations Install vapor retarder and capillary break at slab-on-grade foundations. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Moisture content of building materials Check moisture content of building materials used in wall and floor framing before enclosure. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Bathroom exhaust fans Install ENERGY STAR fans with humidity control. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Heating and air-conditioning systems design Duct systems are sized, designed, and equipment is selected using the following methods: 1. Establish heat loss and heat gain values according to ANSI/ACCA 2 Manual J-2011 or equivalent. 2. Size duct systems according to ANSI/ACCA 1Manual D-2014 or equivalent. 3. Select heating and cooling equipment according to ANSI/ACCA 3 Manual S or equivalent. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 7

10 CALGreen Non-Residential Mandatory Measures Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG SSp1 Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Storm Water Soil Loss Prevention Plan Construction Activity Pollution Prevention All projects must have a SWPP plan that meets State national Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPEDS) All projects must have a SWPP plan that meets State national Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPEDS) The requirements for CALGreen and LEED are identical. CG Bicycle Parking LTc6 Bicycle Facilities Provide permanently anchored bicycle parking and secure bike parking within 200 feet of entrance for 5% of both new visitor (one two-bike rack minimum) and tenant vehicular parking spaces (one space minimum). Bike Storage: Provide secure bike storage within 100 feet of main entrance for 2.5% of all peak visitors (short-term) and 100 feet of any building entrance for 5% of non-residential FTE (long-term) and 30% of residential occupants. Locate storage within walking (200 yds) or cycling distance of a bicycle network that connects to various defined destinations that are located with a 3-mile cycling distance of the project boundary. Shower Facilities: Provide at least one shower and changing facility for first 100 FTE and one additional shower for every 150 FTE occupants thereafter. LEED is more stringent than CALGreen. The CALGreen measure prescribes a minimum number of secure bicycle parking spots (based on the number of parking spaces for the building) and defines their required distance from a building entrance. LEED goes much further to define minimum bicycle storage counts based on building occupancy, including rules for visitors, FTEs and residents. For LEED, the distance of bike storage to a building entrance is half of the CALGreen requirement. And LEED requires shower/changing facilities where CALGreen mandatory measures do not. CG Designated Parking Electric vehicle (EV) charging Provide parking for any combination of low-emitting, fuel efficient, or carpool/van pool vehicles as referenced in table A (up to 8% of total). Provide electric vehicle charging stations for up to 3% of total parking spaces. CALGreen and LEED are not aligned. The requirements among this cluster of CALGreen measures and LEED credits is out of sync. One CALGreen measure requires designated parking for low-emitting, fuel efficient, or carpool vehicles. The other sets a target for EV charging stations (3% of total parking spaces, compared to LEED's 2% threshold). LTc7 LTc8 Reduced Parking Footprint Green Vehicles Provide 5% designated carpool parking above and beyond the parking reduction requirements for any off street parking. Provide 5% "Preferred Parking" (carpool/vanpool not included) for green vehicles AND Provide EV supply equipment in 2% of all parking spaces. One LEED credit requires designated carpool parking, but only after reducing the parking count based on ratios established by the Parking Consultants Council (a requirement CALGreen mandatory measures don't address). The other LEED credit requires preferred parking for "green vehicles" (no carpools included) and EV supply equipment for a percentage of spaces (less than the CALGreen requirement). CG Light Pollution Reduction SSc6 Light Pollution Reduction Design and install lighting systems to comply with CA Energy Code and meet IESNA TM BUG rating requirements. Meet up light and light trespass requirements using the IESNA TM BUG method. Both LEED and CALGreen use the IESNA 2011 BUG Ratings to measure uplighting, backlighting, and glare. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 8

11 Code/ Rating System Reference Number Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results CG Grading and Paving Manage surface water flows to keep water from entering buildings. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Energy Efficiency EAp2 EAc1 Minimum Energy Performance Optimize Energy Performance Meet or exceed the requirements of the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6, 2016) Demonstrate an energy cost reduction compared to ASHRAE (5% New Construction, 3% Major Renovations, 2% Core and Shell) Use whole building energy simulation to demonstrate increased energy cost reduction compared to ASHRAE something CALGreen (Title 24, Part 6) is more stringent than LEED v4 (ASHRAE ). A report titled Energy Efficiency Comparison: California's 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards and ASHRAE/IESNA Standard helps answer the question of which energy efficiency requirements are more stringent between CALGreen and LEED. That report concludes that estimated energy use for nonresidential buildings of California's 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards exceed the energy savings expected from the commercial building requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard It is expected that this would remain true for a comparison to Title 24, CG Meters WEp3 WEc4 Building Level Water Metering Water Metering Provide water submetering on buildings over 50,000 square feet or where consumption is projected to be more than 1,000 gal/day. Install permanent water meters that measure the total potable water use for the building and associated grounds. Meter data must be compiled into monthly and annual summaries; meter readings can be manual or automated. Whole project water usage data must be shared with the USGBC for a five year period. Provide permanent water meters for at least two of the following water subsystems: 1) Irrigation 2) Indoor plumbing fixtures and fittings 3) Domestic Hot Water 4) Boiler 5) Reclaimed water 6) Other process water LEED v4 is more stringent than CALGreen CALGreen requires projects over 50,000 square feet to install water submeters. The LEED prerequisite requires one building-level water meter--regardless of project size--and for the building owner to share the water consumption data with the USGBC for 5 years. To earn the LEED credit for Water Metering, a project would need to install meters for at least one more subsystem such as irrigation, reclaimed water, or boilers. CG WEp2 WEc2 Water conserving plumbing fixtures and fittings Standards for Plumbing Fixtures and Fittings Prerequisite: Indoor Water Use Reduction Indoor Water Use Reduction 25%-50% Meet the following flow rate requirements: 1) WC: 1.28 gpf 2) urinal: 0.5 gpf 3) wall-mounted urinal: gpf 4) showerhead: 2 gpm 5) non-residential lavatory faucet: 0.5 gpm 6) kitchen faucet: 1.8 gpm 7) wash fountain: 1.8 gpm 8) metering faucet: 0.2 gal/cycle 9) metering faucet for wash fountains: 0.2 gal/cycle Install plumbing fixtures in accordance with the California Plumbing Code. Reduce water consumption by 20% from a baseline. Address fixtures & fittings, appliances, equipment, and processes. Further reduce fixture and fitting water use from the calculated baseline in WEp2. CALGreen is more stringent than LEED v4. On April 1, 2015, Governor Jerry Brown released Executive Order B mandating emergency regulations that would improve the efficiency of water appliances including toilets and faucets in new and existing buildings. CALGreen sets maximum prescriptive flow rates for bathroom and kitchen plumbing fixtures, while LEED follows a performance approach with a water budget. CALGreen builds off the California Plumbing Code updates, with fixture flow rates now more stringent than LEED. On average, California's fixture requirements are 29% lower than LEED's baseline requirements. The amount of potable water reduced against LEED's baseline would vary project to project, as it depends on the final count of fixtures throughout the building. But it is reasonable to expect a project meeting CALGreen requirements would easily achieve the LEED prerequisite for Indoor Water Use Reduction and also earn 2 points for a 30% reduction under the LEED credit. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 9

12 Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG Outdoor Water Use WEp1 WEc1 Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Prerequisite: Outdoor Water Use Reduction Outdoor Water Use Reduction Comply with the California Model Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) contained within Chapter 2.7, Division 2, Title 23, California Code of Regulations Option 1: No irrigation required. Option 2: Reduce irrigation demand by 30% from a calculated baseline using the EPA WaterSense Water Budget tool. Option 1: No irrigation required. Option 2: Reduce irrigation demand by 50% (1 point) or 100% (2 points) from a calculated baseline using the EPA WaterSense Water Budget tool. CALGreen (MWELO) is more stringent than LEED v4 (EPA WaterSense). In response to California s drought, the state's irrigation requirements have become more stringent than LEED. Landscape irrigation must meet the Model Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (MWELO). This ordinance, like LEED, sets a maximum allowable water allowance for a project site based on local evapotranspiration. The method for establishing this water budget is identical between MWELO and LEED's WaterSense approach. MWELO requires a water use reduction between 45-55%, depending on site use conditions, and also requires an audit report to be filed from a certified landscape irrigation auditor.leed's prerequisite requires a 30% reduction from a baseline, easily achieved by designing to the MWELO standard. Further, it's reasonable to expect a MWELO compliant project to earn at least 1 point for a 50% reduction in outdoor water use. s CG Weather Protection CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Moisture Control CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Construction Waste Management Universal Waste MRp2 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning Develop a Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan and identify a 65% diversion goal. Use a waste management company to provide verifiable documentation. Or generate less than 2 lbs/sf of construction waste Items like batteries, electronic devices, mercury-containing equipment, lamps, cathode ray tubes, and aerosol cans must be disposed of properly and diverted from landfill. Develop a Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan. Identify at least five materials for landfill diversion. Estimate their contribution to overall project waste. Specify diversion strategies and identify recycling facilities. Option 1: Divert 50% of waste and 3 material streams (1 point), or 75% of waste and 4 material streams (2 points). Option 2: Generate less than 2.5 lbs/sf of construction waste CALGreen and LEED are not aligned, but they are similar. Both CALGreen and LEED require development of a Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan. CALGreen requires the plan to identify a 65% Diversion goal, where the LEED prerequisite only requires an estimate. CALGreen requires the use of a waste management company to provide verifiable documentation and LEED does not. The LEED credit has two options. For one point, a project must divert 50% of three material streams or 75% of four material streams for two points. Excavated soil, land clearing debris and alternative daily cover (ADC) must be excluded from diversion calculations for both CALGreen and LEED. Both CALGreen and the LEED credit provide an alternative waste reduction strategy that allows the project to comply by not generating more than 2 lbs or 2.5 lbs of construction waste per square foot of building's floor area respectively. MRc5 Construction and Demolition Waste Management Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 10

13 Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG Recycling by occupants MRp1 Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Storage and Collection of Recyclables Provide areas that serve the entire building and are identified for the depositing, storage, and collection of nonhazardous materials for recycling and organic waste. Provide dedicated areas for the collection and storage of recyclable materials, including mixed paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals, batteries, mercury-containing lamps, and electronic waste. CALGreen and LEED have nearly identical recycling requirements. CALGreen requires organic waste, where LEED does not. The USGBC has deemed the CALGreen measure and the LEED prerequisite to be functionally equivalent. See the CALGreen Alternative Documentation Path Guidance Document (2015) for further information. CG Commissioning (Cx) EAp1 EAc1 Fundamental Commissioning and Verification Enhanced Commissioning For new buildings > 10,000 sf, commission all systems covered by Title 24, Part 6, including process systems and renewable energy systems. Provide a systems manual and training on commissioned systems. Commission MEP and renewable energy systems. Commission MEP and renewable energy systems. More stringent requirements for CxA CALGreen and LEED are not aligned, but they are similar. CALGreen and LEED both require commissioning of all energy-related systems. CALGreen requires that irrigation systems be commissioned. CALGreen also requires development of a systems manual and training on systems being commissioned. The LEED credit requires the OPR, BOD and peer review address the exterior envelope. LEED has more stringent requirements for the Commissioning Agent (CxA), and for projects >20,000 sf, the CxA must be independent of the design team. CALGreen has more relaxed requirements for qualified commissioning agents and only requires independence on projects >50,000 sf CG Testing and Adjusting EAp1 CG Fireplaces Fundamental Commissioning and Verification Test and adjust systems for buildings less than 10,000 square feet. Provide a final report. Provide building owner with a detailed operating and maintenance instruction manual. Commission MEP and renewable energy systems. Install only a direct-vent sealed combustion or sealed wood-burning fireplace, or a sealed woodstove or pellet stove, and meet California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6 residential requirements. LEED is more stringent than CALGreen. LEED requires commissioning (not just testing and adjusting) of all energy-related systems in all projects regardless of size. Therefore, LEED is more stringent than CALGreen. However, CALGreen requires testing and adjusting of irrigation systems, which LEED does not address. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Temporary Ventilation EQc3 Covering of duct openings and protection of mechanical equipment during construction Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan Use return air filters with a MERV of 8. Replace filters before occupancy. Cover duct openings and protect mechanical equipment during construction to reduce the amount of dust, water, and debris which may enter the system. Meet SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction. Use MERV 8 filters. Prohibit tobacco products inside building and within 25 feet of the building entrance during construction. These two CALGreen mandatory measures combined are nearly functionally equivalent to the LEED credit for IAQ management during construction. Both CALGreen and LEED reference the same standard, Control Measures for SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under Construction, and require MERV8 filters during construction. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 11

14 Code/ Rating System Reference Number Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results CG Adhesives, sealants and caulks Adhesives, adhesive bonding primers, adhesive primers, sealants, sealant primers and caulks comply with SCAQMD Rule Aerosol adhesives comply with state VOC standards. CALGreen references several acceptable certifications. LEED's reference standard is one of the acceptable CALGreen criteria. EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). Adhesives and sealants must comply with CDPH Standard Method V or SCAQMD Rule 1168 CG Paints and Coatings EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Comply with VOC limits in the California Air Resources Board, Architectural Coatings Suggested Control Measure 2008 Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). Paints and coatings must comply with VOC limits in the California Air Resources Board, Architectural Coatings Suggested Control Measure 2007 and CDPH Standard Method V or SCAQMD Rule 1113 The reference standards in CALGreen and LEED are the same. CG Carpet Systems All interior carpet must meet one of the following 1) RFCI FloorScore Certified 2) CDPH Standard Method V ) NSF/ANSI 140 Gold or higher 4) UL Greenguard Gold. Carpet cushion must meet CRI Green Label program, and carpet adhesives must meet SCAQMD Rule 1168 CALGreen references several acceptable certifications. LEED's reference standard (CDPH Standard Method V ) is one of the acceptable CALGreen criteria. EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). 100% of resilient flooring must adhere to CDPH Standard Method V CG Composite wood products Hardwood plywood, particleboard, and MDF composite wood products used on the interior or exterior must meet formaldehyde requirements of the California Air Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) CALGreen and LEED use the same reference standards to document compliance. EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). 100% of composite wood must adhere to California Air Resources Board (CARB) Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 12

15 Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG Resilient flooring systems EQc2 Low-Emitting Materials Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results For 80% of resilient flooring area in building, install flooring which meets one of the following: 1) RFCI FloorScore Certified 2) CDPH Standard Method V ) CA-CHPS July 2012 Criteria 4) UL Greenguard Gold Certified Option 1: Achieve threshold levels of compliance with emissions and content standards for a number of product categories (up to 3 points). 100% of resilient flooring must adhere to CDPH Standard Method V LEED v4 is more stringent than CALGreen. LEED requires 100% of resilient flooring to comply compared to only 80% for CALGreen. CALGreen references several acceptable VOC emission standards, but LEED only allows the California Department of Public Health Standard Method v CG Filters EQc1 Enhanced IAQ Strategies In mechanically ventilated buildings, provide regularly occupied areas of the building with air filtration media for outside and return air prior to occupancy that provides at least a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 8. Option 1: Employ strategies for Entryway Systems, Interior Cross- Contamination Prevention, Filtration Option 2: Employ Strategies for Exterior Contamination Prevention, Increased Ventilation, CO2 Monitoring LEED v4 is more stringent than CALGreen. CALGreen requires MERV 8 or an ASHRAE 10% to 15 % efficiency filter compliant HVAC units. LEED's MERV 13 requirement exceeds the CALGreen requirement. Further, pollutant source isolation measures are more stringent and comprehensive under LEED. LEED projects that achieve EQc1 meet the CALGreen requirement for filter efficiency. However, to earn a LEED credit, other strategies would have to be pursued in parallel. CG Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Prohibit smoking within 25 feet of building entries, outdoor air intakes, and operable windows. CALGreen and LEED have nearly identical requirements. EQp2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Prohibit smoking in the building. Designate outdoor smoking areas at least 25 feet from entries, outdoor air intakes, and operable windows. CG Indoor moisture control CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A CG Outside air delivery EQp1 Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance Meet the minimum ventilation requirements of the CA Energy Code and Chapter 4 of CCR, Title 8 or the local code, whichever is more stringent. Meet the minimum ventilation requirements of ASHRAE Standard , or a local equivalent, whichever is more stringent. LEED v4 is more stringent than CALGreen. CALGreen (Title 24 Energy Code) and LEED (ASHRAE) use different reference standards, but they are similar and have the same intent. The ASHRAE standard is more restrictive since it considers air distribution effectiveness and ventilation efficiency. CG Carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring EQc1 Enhanced IAQ Strategies For buildings with demand control ventilation, install systems in accordance with California Energy Code. Option 1: Employ strategies for Entryway Systems, Interior Cross- Contamination Prevention, Filtration Option 2: Employ Strategies for Exterior Contamination Prevention, Increased Ventilation, CO2 Monitoring LEED v4 is more stringent than CALGreen. CALGreen and LEED have nearly identical requirements for CO2 monitoring. But the LEED credit requires other strategies for compliance that go beyond the CALGreen requirements. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 13

16 Code/ Rating System Reference Number CG Acoustical Control EQc9 Acoustic Performance Measure / Credit Name Requirements Comparison Results Use building assemblies and components with STC values determined in accordance with ASTM E 413 or OITC determined in accordance with ASTM Use either a prescriptive or performance method. Meet requirements for HVAC background noise, sound isolation, reverberation time, and sound reinforcement & masking. CALGreen and LEED are not aligned. CALGreen focuses on the exterior noise control, site based mitigation and interior sound transmission primarily from the perspective of building materials. LEED addresses HVAC background noise, reverberation and interior sound transmission. The interior sound transmission thresholds in LEED are more stringent than those required by CALGreen. CG EAp3 EAc4 Ozone depletion and greenhouse gas reductions Fundamental Refrigerant Management Enhanced Refrigerant Management Install HVAC and refrigeration systems that don't contain CFCs, Halons, or HCFC. HFCs must have a global warming potential of less than 150. Don't use CFC-based refrigerants in new HVAC systems. Create a phase-out plan for reusing existing systems. Option1: No refrigerants, or low-impact refrigerants. Option 2: Calculate refrigerant impact - weigh the GWP and ODP CALGreen and LEED are equivalent. The CALGreen mandatory measure ( ) and LEED prerequisite and credit are very similar, although CALGreen does not allow new Halon based refrigerants. The USGBC has deemed the CALGreen measure and the LEED prerequisite to be functionally equivalent. But this equivalency does not extend to projects reusing existing equipment using CFCs or Halons, or projects served by district or campus energy systems with CFCs. See the CALGreen Alternative Documentation Path Guidance Document (2015) for further information. CG Supermarket refrigerant leak reduction Retail food stores > 8,000 square feet must apply leak reduction measures to refrigeration systems containing high-global-warming potential refrigerants. CALGreen does not have a LEED point for comparison. N/A N/A N/A Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 14

17 Summary of Findings Alignment of CALGreen and LEED v4 The USGBC recognizes the common purpose and similarities in language and performance requirements that LEED v4 and CALGreen share. As such, the USGBC has produced an Alternative Documentation Compliance Path to streamline the LEED process and minimize the incremental time and cost needed to document LEED v4 compliance where the LEED requirements and the corresponding CALGreen mandatory code measure are functionally equivalent. Under LEED 2009, there are 6 prerequisites and credits that are deemed functionally equivalent. At the time of this report, for LEED v4, there are only 2 prerequisites EAp3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management and MRp1 Collection and Storage of Recycling deemed functionally equivalent. Table 1 below summarizes these equivalencies. Table 1 Credits Eligible for CALGreen Alternative Documentation Path The Credit-by-Credit Comparison table included in this report compares all mandatory CALGreen 2016 measures to LEED v4 prerequisites and credits with similar intent. The categories of energy efficiency, water conservation, and construction waste management contained the most significant changes between CALGreen 2016 and LEED v4. Energy Efficiency A report titled Energy Efficiency Comparison: California's 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards and ASHRAE/IESNA Standard helps answer the question of which energy efficiency requirements are more stringent between CALGreen and LEED v4. That report concludes that estimated energy use for nonresidential buildings of California's 2013 Building Energy Efficiency Standards exceed the energy savings Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 15

18 expected from the commercial building requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard It is expected that this would remain true for a comparison to Title 24, Water Efficiency In response to California s drought, the water efficiency mandatory measures under CALGreen have shifted considerably under the 2016 code. Indoor Water Use On April 1, 2015, Governor Jerry Brown released Executive Order B mandating emergency regulations that would improve the efficiency of water appliances including toilets and faucets in new and existing buildings. CALGreen sets maximum prescriptive flow rates for bathroom and kitchen plumbing fixtures, while LEED follows a performance approach with a water budget. CALGreen builds off the California Plumbing Code updates, with fixture flow rates now more stringent than LEED. On average, California's fixture requirements are 29% lower than LEED's baseline requirements (see summary table below). The amount of potable water reduced against LEED's baseline would vary project to project, as it depends on the final count of fixtures throughout the building. But it is reasonable to expect a project meeting CALGreen requirements would easily achieve the LEED prerequisite for Indoor Water Use Reduction and also earn 2 points for a 30% reduction under the LEED credit. Fixture or Fitting LEED v4 CALGreen 2016 % Reduction Toilet 1.60 gpf 1.28 gpf 20% Urinal 1.00 gpf gpf 88% Public lavatory (restroom) faucet 0.50 gpm 0.5 gpm 0% Private (residential) lavatory faucet 2.20 gpm 1.2 gpm 45% Kitchen faucet 2.20 gpm 1.8 gpm 18% Residential kitchen faucet 2.20 gpm 1.8 gpm 18% Showerhead 2.50 gpm 2 gpm 20% Residential showerhead 2.50 gpm 2 gpm 20% Average 29% Outdoor Water Use Table 2 Fixture and fitting flow rates for LEED v4 and CALGreen 2016 In response to California s drought, the state's irrigation requirements have become more stringent than LEED. Landscape irrigation must meet the Model Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (MWELO). This ordinance, like LEED, sets a maximum allowable water allowance for a project site based on local evapotranspiration. The method for establishing this water budget is identical between MWELO and LEED's WaterSense approach. MWELO requires a water use reduction between 45-55%, depending on site use conditions, and also requires an audit report to be filed from a certified landscape irrigation auditor. LEED's prerequisite Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 16

19 requires a 30% reduction from a baseline, easily achieved by designing to the MWELO standard. Further, it's reasonable to expect a MWELO compliant project to earn at least 1 point for a 50% reduction in outdoor water use. Construction Waste Management Both CALGreen and LEED require development of a Construction and Demolition Waste Management Plan. CALGreen requires the plan to identify a 65% Diversion goal, where the LEED prerequisite only requires an estimate. CALGreen requires the use of a waste management company to provide verifiable documentation and LEED does not. The LEED credit has two options. For one point, a project must divert 50% of three material streams or 75% of four material streams for two points. Excavated soil, land clearing debris and alternative daily cover (ADC) must be excluded from diversion calculations for both CALGreen and LEED. Both CALGreen and the LEED credit provide an alternative waste reduction strategy that allows the project to comply by not generating more than 2 lbs or 2.5 lbs of construction waste per square foot of building's floor area respectively. The Cost of LEED v4 It is difficult so say authoritatively what the incremental cost is of certifying a building as Gold under LEED v4 compared to LEED There are too many project-specific considerations to make a sweeping, general statement about this difference. At the time of this report, the most credible and complete examination of this cost differential is documented in a BuildingGreen special report titled The Cost of LEED v4 (2015). That report includes a case study that evaluates a 50,000 square foot project that originally achieved Gold certification under LEED It examines which LEED v4 prerequisites and credits that would already have been achieved for the same project, and studies what credits would have to be achieved to earn Gold under LEED v4, and at what cost. The BuildingGreen case study concludes that it would take the LEED 2009 Gold project an additional $9,000 to achieve LEED certification in v4, which represents 0.05% of the total original hard cost of the project. To achieve LEED Gold under v4, the project would incur an extra cost of $78,400. In total, this amounts to 0.533% of the original total cost. Soft costs for design are not included in this report. It is expected that teams unfamiliar with LEED v4 compared to LEED 2009 would incur extra cost for learning a new rating system. To help minimize this extra cost to project teams, the San Francisco Department of Environment could assist by providing educational outreach programs to the design and construction community that share best practices for operating under the new LEED v4 requirements. We believe this case study shows that an experienced project team, committed to sustainability and incorporating sustainability at a high-level early in the design and through construction, can deliver a LEED v4 Certified or even Gold building, at minimal additional cost. --The Cost of LEED v4 Special Report Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 17

20 Recommendations Urban Fabrick s assessment of CALGreen 2016 has found that most of California s mandatory measures are still accounted for in some way under the new LEED v4 rating system. Our recommendation is to maintain LEED performance standards Gold for Non-Residential projects (Large New Commercial) and Silver for Residential (New High Rise Residential). We make this recommendation for the following reasons: 1. Purpose: Section of the existing SFGBC states that the purpose of the code is to [reduce] the greenhouse gas emissions in the City and County of San Francisco to 25 percent below 1990 levels by the year In keeping with this purpose, LEED v4 s more stringent approach to green building certification represents a natural extension of San Francisco s goals. 2. Cost: a credible study has found that the incremental costs of certifying a project as Gold under LEED v4 is relatively modest compared to certifying under LEED Updating San Francisco s Green Building Code to LEED v4 is not expected to represent an undue financial hardship for developers or project teams operating under a new version of LEED. 3. Equivalency: Appendix B LEED 2009 and LEED v4 Gold Rating Comparison compares an Urban Fabrick project certified under LEED 2009 to the LEED v4 requirements. It finds that this project would be similarly close to achieving LEED Gold under v4 as it was under LEED Raising the bar: San Francisco s priority permitting for LEED Platinum projects has been temporarily suspended due to the high volume of projects and capacity in SF Planning. In general, large commercial and high-rise residential projects and their developers, in San Francisco, are also becoming more adept at operating under a green building certification program that hasn t changed much since Raising the bar for green building performance should be a priority for a municipality that leads the way for others to follow, with minimal disruption to the real estate, design and construction community that works on these projects. The new language for the SFGBC should be updated to maintain the equivalent LEED v4 credits, but modified to reflect the new credit naming conventions dictated by the new rating system. Since the new version of LEED does not include credit numbering, we recommend they be removed from SFGBC language to prevent confusion. The current version of the SFGBC allows a LEED credit reduction for historical projects preserving an existing building. Urban Fabrick recommends this requirement remain intact, but to prorate the LEED point requirement as a percentage of the overall project. This avoids the possibility of a massive new construction project that maintains a small portion of historical building reuse to receive a disproportionate reduction in green building requirements. And finally, we recommend the Mid-Size commercial building category be removed as it is now obsolete. Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 18

21 Appendixes A: Infographics: Changes from LEED 2009 to LEED v4 Figure 1: Location and Transportation Figure 2: Sustainable Sites Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 19

22 Figure 3: Location and Transportation Figure 4: Location and Transportation Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 20

23 Figure 5: Materials and Resources Figure 6: Indoor Environmental Quality Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 21

24 Figure 7: Integrative Process Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 22

25 B: LEED 2009 and LEED v4 Gold Rating Comparison Prepared by the Atelier Ten/Urban Fabrick, Inc. Joint Venture 23